Effect of FeS doping on large diamond synthesis in FeNi-C system

The large single-crystal diamond with FeS doping along the （111） face is synthesized from the FeNi-C system by the temperature gradient method （TGM） under high-pressure and high-temperature （HPHT）. the effects of different FeS additive content on the shape, color, and quality of diamond are investigated. It is found that the （111） face of diamond is dominated and the （100） face of diamond disappears gradually with the increase of the FeS content. At the same time, the color of the diamond crystal changes from light yellow to gray-green and even gray-yellow. The stripes and pits corrosion on the diamond surface are observed to turn worse. The effects of FeS doping on the shape and surface morphology of diamond crystal are explained by the number of hang bonds in different surfaces of diamond. It can be shown from the test results of the Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectrum that there exists an S element in the obtained diamond. The N element content values in different additive amounts of diamond are calculated. The XPS spectrum results demonstrate that our obtained diamond contains S elements that exist in S-C and S-C-O forms in a diamond lattice. This work contributes to the further understanding and research of FeS-doped large single-crystal diamond characterization.

Effect of HbA_(1c) combined FPG on screening diabetes in health checkup

Objective:To appraise the effectiveness of HbA_(1c) and fasting plasma glucose(FPG) on screening diabetes in health check-up.Methods:A total of 1 337 individuals(male 850,female 487),aged 27 to 91 years with HbA_(1c) test were included.Participates with HbA_(1c)≥6.0%or FPG≥6.1 mmol/ L underwent oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT).Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed according to the criteria of WHO in 1999,FPG≥7.0 mmol/L and/or OGTT 2 h-postload plasm glucose(2 h-PG)≥11.1 mmol/L.The sensitivity and specificity of HbA_(1c) thresholds and FPG or combination test on screening of diabetes were analyzed.Results:A total of 842 subjects had HbA_(1c)<6.0%,in which 32 had isolated FPG≥6.1 mmol/L,of 495 had HbA_(1c)≥6.0%.Subjects with HbA_(1c)≥6.0% had significant increased disorder indexes than those with HbA_(1c)<6.0%.527 subjects who had HbA_(1c)≥6.0%or FPG≥6.1 mmol/L underwent OGTT.A total of 234 subjects were newly diagnosed diabetes,including 123(123/234,52.56%) with FPG≥7.0 mmol/L,and 111 subjects(111/234, 47.43%) with isolated 2 h-PG≥11.1 mmol/L.Among 234 new diabetes,91.88%(215 subjects) had HbA_(1c)≥6.3%,and 77.40%(181 subjects) had HbA_(1c)≥6.5%.HbA_(1c)≥6.3%combined FPG≥7.0 mmol/L increased the positive rate of newly diagnosed diabetes from 91.88%to 96.58%. Conclusions:HbA_(1c) is a practical and convenient tool for screening undiagnosed diabetes in routine health check-up of a large population.Combined use of HbA_(1c)≥6.3%and/or FPG≥7.0 mmol/L is efficient for early detection of diabetes.

The influence of increasing temperatures on highland barley yields and on the maximum cultivation altitude on the Tibetan Plateau

Highland barley(Hordeum vulgare Linn.cv.nudum Hook.f.)is the principal cereal crop over the Tibetan Plateau(TP).The response of highland barely to climate change in the past decades,especially in terms of yields still remains uncertain.In this study,its responses to climate change were investigated using daily weather data and agriculture data during 1961–2018.The results showed that the annual mean air temperature over the TP increased at 0.33°C per decade during 1961–2018,and the rate of warming increased with altitude,reaching 0.41°C per decade at altitudes of 4500–4700 m.The growing degree days(GDDs)increased by 9.6%during 2011–2018 compared with the 1960s,whereas low temperature degree days(LDDs)decreased by 40.3%over the same period,indicating that the thermal conditions for highland barley cultivation have improved.A strong relationship was observed between the yield of highland barley and LDDs(−0.76,p<0.001)than GDDs(0.58,p<0.001)in Xizang,where sufficient irrigation water is available from the melting of snow cover or glaciers.In Sichuan,with abundant precipitation,significant correlations were noticed between county-level barley yield and GDDs and LDDs(0.60,p<0.001;−0.65,p<0.001).In Qinghai,the dry regions,county-level yields were influenced significantly by temperature and precipitation.These results indicated that climate warming was beneficial to highland barley yield in most region of the TP,mainly due to decreased LDDs.The potential altitude at which highland barley cultivation is feasible increased by approximately 280–484 m during 2016–2018,compared with 1981–1983.In Xizang,highland barley could be cultivated up to an altitude of 4507 m a.s.l.between 2016 and 2018,and it increased to 4179 m a.s.l.in Qinghai.These results could help local government to take actions to adapt to global warming and improve food security.