Bibliometric analysis of hotspots and trends of global myopia research

AIM:To gain insights into the global research hotspots and trends of myopia.METHODS:Articles were downloaded from January 1,2013 to December 31,2022 from the Science Core Database website and were mainly statistically analyzed by bibliometrics software.RESULTS:A total of 444 institutions in 87 countries published 4124 articles.Between 2013 and 2022,China had the highest number of publications(n=1865)and the highest H-index(61).Sun Yat-sen University had the highest number of publications(n=229)and the highest H-index(33).Ophthalmology is the main category in related journals.Citations from 2020 to 2022 highlight keywords of options and reference,child health(pediatrics),myopic traction mechanism,public health,and machine learning,which represent research frontiers.CONCLUSION:Myopia has become a hot research field.China and Chinese institutions have the strongest academic influence in the field from 2013 to 2022.The main driver of myopic research is still medical or ophthalmologists.This study highlights the importance of public health in addressing the global rise in myopia,especially its impact on children’s health.At present,a unified theoretical system is still needed.Accurate surgical and therapeutic solutions must be proposed for people with different characteristics to manage and intervene refractive errors.In addition,the benefits of artificial intelligence(AI)models are also reflected in disease monitoring and prediction.

New Interpretation of Neonatal Outcomes by Phenotypically Classified Preterm Syndrome:A Retrospective Cohort Study

Objective:The global aim to lower preterm birth rates has been hampered by the insufficient and incomplete understanding of its etiology,classification,and diagnosis.This study was designed to evaluate the association of phenotypically classified preterm syndromes with neonatal outcomes;to what extent would these outcomes be modified after the obstetric interventions,including use of glucocorticoid,magnesium sulfate,and progesterone.Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at Tongji Hospital(composed of Main Branch,Optical Valley Branch and Sino-French New City Branch)in Wuhan.A total of 900 pregnant women and 1064 neonates were retrospectively enrolled.The outcomes were the distribution of different phenotypes among parturition signs and pathway to delivery,the association of phenotypically classified clusters with short-term unfavorable neonatal outcomes,and to what extent these outcomes could be modified by obstetric interventions.Results:Eight clusters were identified using two-step cluster analysis,including premature rupture of fetal membranes(PPROM)phenotype,abnormal amniotic fluid(AF)phenotype,placenta previa phenotype,mixed condition phenotype,fetal distress phenotype,preeclampsia-eclampsia&hemolysis,elevated liver enzymes,and low platelets syndrome(PE-E&HELLP)phenotype,multiple fetus phenotype,and no main condition phenotype.Except for no main condition phenotype,the other phenotypes were associated with one or more complications,which conforms to the clinical practice.Compared with no main condition phenotype,some phenotypes were significantly associated with short-term adverse neonatal outcomes.Abnormal AF phenotype,mixed condition phenotype,PE-E&HELLP phenotype,and multiple fetus phenotype were risk factors for neonatal small-for gestation age(SGA);placenta previa phenotype was not associated with adverse outcomes except low APGAR score being 0-7 at one min;mixed condition phenotype was associated with low APGAR scores,SGA,mechanical ventilation,and gradeⅢ-Ⅳintraventricular hemorrhage(IVH);fetal distress phenotype was frequently associated with neonatal SGA and mechanical ventilation;PE-E&HELLP phenotype was correlated with low APGAR score being 0-7 at one min,SGA and neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)admission;multiple fetus phenotype was not a risk factor for the outcomes included except for SGA.Not all neonates benefited from obstetric interventions included in this study.Conclusion:Our research disclosed the independent risk of different preterm phenotypes for adverse pregnancy outcomes.This study is devoted to putting forward the paradigm of classifying preterm birth phenotypically,with the ultimate purpose of defining preterm phenotypes based on multi-center studies and diving into the underlying mechanisms.

Analysis of dynamic smile and upper lip curvature in young Chinese

During smile evaluation and anterior esthetic construction,the anatomic and racial variations should be considered in order to achieve better matching results.The aims of this study were to validate an objective method for recording spontaneous smile process and to categorize the smile and upper lip curvature of Chinese Han-nationality youth.One hundred and eighty-eight Chinese Han-nationality youths(88 males and 100 females) ranged from 20 to 35 years of age were selected.Spontaneous smiles were elicited by watching comical movies and the dynamics of the spontaneous smile were captured continuously with a digital video camera.All subjects’ smiles were categorized into three types:commissure,cuspid and gummy smile based on video editing software and final images.Subjects’ upper lip curvatures were also measured and divided into three groups:upward,straight and downward.Reliability analysis was conducted to obtain intra-rater reliabilities on twice measurements.The Pearson Chi-square test was used to compare differences for each parameters(α=0.05).In smile classification,60.6%commissure smile,33.5%cuspid smile and 5.9%gummy smile were obtained.In upper lip measurement,26.1%upward,39.9%straight and 34.0%downward upper lip curvature were determined.The commissure smile group showed statistically significant higher percentage of straight(46.5%) and upward(40.4%) in upper lip curvatures(P<0.05),while cuspid smile group(65.1%) and gummy smile group(72.7%) showed statistically significant higher frequency in downward upper lip curvature(P<0.05).It is evident that differences in upper lip curvature and smile classification exist based on race,when comparing Chinese subjects with those of Caucasian descent,and gender.

Simulation on scrap melting behavior and carbon diffusion under natural convection

A 3D model applying temperature-and carbon concentration-dependent material properties was developed to describe the scrap melting behavior and carbon diffusion under natural convection.Simulated results agreed reasonably well with experimental ones.Scrap melting was subdivided into four stages:formation of a solidified layer,rapid melting of the solidified layer,carburization,and carburization+normal melting.The carburization stage could not be ignored at low temperature because the carburization time for the sample investigated was 214 s at 1573 K compared to 12 s at 1723 K.The thickness of the boundary layer with significant concentration difference at 1573 K increased from 130μm at 5 s to 140μm at 60 s.The maximum velocity caused by natural convection decreased from 0.029 m·s^(−1)at 5 s to 0.009 m·s^(−1)at 634 s because the differences in temperature and density between the molten metal and scrap decreased with time.

Carbothermal reduction process of the Fe-Cr-O system

Understanding the reduction behaviors and characteristics of the end products of Fe-Cr-O systems is very important not only for maximizing the recovery of metals from stainless steel dust but also for the subsequent reuse in metallurgical process. The present work first predicted the possible products thermodynamically when FeCr204 was reduced by C. The reduction behaviors by graphite of three kinds of Fe-Cr-O systems, i.e., FeCr204, Fe203q-Cr203, and Feq-Cr203, were then investigated in 1350-1550℃. Further, the microstructures of final products and element distribution conditions were examined. The results suggest that, thermodynamically, the mass of products for the carbothermal reduction of FeCr204 is a strong function of temperature, and the initial carbon content is used. More Fe-Cr-C solution and less residual carbon content are obtained at higher temperatures and lower no：no ratios （the initial molar ratio of C to O in the sample）. Experimental data show that the sample amount tends to affect the reduction rate, and the residual carbon content strongly depends on nc：no. With regard to the phases present in products during the reaction process, metal carbides tend to form in the initial stage, whereas Fe-Cr-C solution forms when the degree of reduction is sufficiently high.

Organization and implementation of mass medical rescue after an earthquake

Over the past century, over 40 earthquakes measuring ≥7 on the Richter scale have occurred worldwide; of those, 10 took place in China and killed 600,000 people(accounting for 53% of the total number of global deaths due to earthquakes). On May 12, 2008, an 8.0-magnitude earthquake occurred in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province. In this disaster, 69,000 people were killed, 18,000 people were reported missing, and 37,000 people were injured, including more than 10,000 who were seriously injured. Trauma was the most commonly observed type of injury, with fractures accounting for 74% of all injury cases. On April 14, 2010, a 7.1-magnitude earthquake occurred in Yushu, in Qinghai Province. In this disaster, 2,698 people were killed, 270 people were reported missing, and 11,000 people were injured, including more than 3,100 who were seriously injured. Fracture injury accounted for 58.4% of all injury cases. After each earthquake, the Chinese Army Medical Services responded promptly, according to the previously established guidelines, and sent out elite forces to the disaster areas, with the objectives of organizing, coordinating and participating in an efficient and evidence-based medical rescue effort. After the Wenchuan earthquake, 397 mobile medical service teams including 7,061 health workers were sent to the disaster areas. A total of 69,000 casualties were treated, and 22,000 surgeries were performed. After the Yushu earthquake, 25 mobile medical service teams involving 2,025 health workers were sent. They performed 1,635 surgeries and created an astounding outcome of "zero deaths" in the aftermath of the earthquake during their treatment of casualties in a high-altitude region. Within a week after each earthquake, the military teams rescued approximately 60% of the total number of rescued casualties and evacuated approximately 80% of the total number of evacuated sick or wounded victims, playing a critical role and making invaluable contributions to earthquake relief. The experience and lessons learned from the rescue efforts of the Chinese military after the two earthquakes have highlighted several key aspects in emergency medical rescue: 1) medical rescue theories must be updated; 2) military-civilian cooperation must be stressed; 3) professional rescue forces must be strengthened; 4) supporting facilities must be improved; and 5) international exchanges and cooperation must be deepened.

Reduction of chromium oxides in stainless steel dust

The recovery of metal oxides from stainless steel dust using C（graphite）, SiFe, and Al as reductants was investigated under various conditions. The apparent distribution ratio of Cr（L Cr ′^m/s ） in the recovered metal and residual slag phases was defined as the major performance metric. The results show that the recovery ratio of metals increases as the ratio of CaO ：SiO2 by mass in the residual slag increases to 1.17. The residual content of metals in the slag decreases as the Al2O3 content of the slag is increased from approximately 8wt% to 10wt%. The recovery ratio of Cr increases with increasing L Cr ′^ m/s , and a linear relationship between L Cr ′^m/s and the activity coefficient ratio of CrO in the slag and the recovered metal phase is observed. The combination of C and SiFe or Al as the reducing agents reveals that Si is the more effective coreductant.

不同吊杆形式悬索桥人致振动分析及舒适度评价

为研究结构细节对人行悬索桥人致振动响应及行人舒适度的影响,以某人行玻璃悬索桥为工程实例,分别建立了竖直吊杆模型和倾斜吊杆模型,分析了不同吊杆对自振特性和人致振动响应的影响,并基于德国EN03规范对行人舒适度进行了评估.结果表明:竖直吊杆模型横向及竖向基频均小于倾斜吊杆模型,但两种吊杆模型下该桥的振动频率均较低,说明结构整体柔性较大;两种吊杆模型中,计入人群质量后,各阶自振频率和主梁最大加速度均随行人密度的增加而减小;同一人流量下,主梁在对应不同模态的行人步频下加速度最大值均不同,但同一工况下倾斜吊杆模型的横弯和竖弯加速度数值均较竖直吊杆模型有所下降;两种吊杆模型的横向舒适度综合评价相同,竖向舒适度综合评价倾斜吊杆模型更优,倾斜吊杆可以有效加强改人行悬索桥的横向和竖向刚度。

Amplitude of Low-frequency Oscillations in Parkinson＇s Disease： A 2-year Longitudinal Resting-state Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Background：Neuroimaging studies have found that functional changes exist in patients with Parkinson＇s disease （PD）.However,the majority of functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） studies in patients with PD are task-related and cross-sectional.This study investigated the functional changes observed in patients with PD,at both baseline and after 2 years,using resting-state fMRI.It further investigated the relationship between whole-brain spontaneous neural activity of patients with PD and their clinical characteristics.Methods：Seventeen patients with PD underwent an MRI procedure at both baseline and after 2 years using resting-state fMRI that was derived from the same 3T MRI.In addition,20 age-and sex-matched,healthy controls were examined using resting-state fMRI.The fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation （fALFF） approach was used to analyze the fMRI data.Nonlinear registration was used to model within-subject changes over the scanning interval,as well as changes between the patients with PD and the healthy controls.A correlative analysis between the fALFF values and clinical characteristics was performed in the regions showing fALFF differences.Results：Compared to the control subjects,the patients with PD showed increased fALFF values in the left inferior temporal gyrus,right inferior parietal lobule （IPL） and right middle frontal gyrus.Compared to the baseline in the 2 years follow-up,the patients with PD presented with increased fALFF values in the right middle temporal gyrus and right middle occipital gyrus while also having decreased fALFF values in the right cerebellum,right thalamus,right striatum,left superior parietal lobule,left IPL,left precentral gyrus,and left postcentral gyrus （P 〈 0.01,after correction with AlphaSim）.In addition,the fALFF values in the right cerebellum were positively correlated with the Unified PD Rating Scale （UPDRS） motor scores （r =0.5 l,P 〈 0.05,uncorrected） and the change in the UPDRS motor score （r =0.61,P 〈 0.05,uncorrected）.Conclusions：The baseline and longitudinal changes of the fALFF values in our study suggest that dysfunction in the brain may affect the regions related to cortico-striato-pallido-thalamic loops and cerebello-thalamo-cortical loops as the disease progresses and that alterations to the spontaneous neural activity of the cerebellum may also play an important role in the disease＇s progression in patients with PD.

Small P values may not yield robust findings:an example using REST-meta-PD

Thousands of resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging(RS-f MRI)articles have been published on brain disorders.For precise localization of abnormal brain activity,a voxel-level comparison is needed.Because of the large number of voxels in the brain,multiple comparison correction(MCC)must be performed to reduce false positive rates,and a smaller P value(usually including either liberal or stringent MCC)is widely recommended[1].

Two new ar-bisabol sesquiterpenes from the stem bark of Fraxinus sielboldiana

Two new ar-bisabol sequiterpenes,(+)-(7S,10S)-10-epi-7,10-epoxy-3-hydroxy-ar-bisabol-11-ol(1)and(+)-(7R,8R,10S)-10-epi-7,10-epoxy-8-hydroxy-ar-bisabol-11-ol(2),have been isolated by a combination of various column chromatographic techniques including reversed-phase semipreparative HPLC from an ethanol extract of the stem bark of Fraxinus sielboldiana.Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods including IR,MS,and 1D and 2D NMR experiments.This is the first report of sequiterpenes in the genus Fraxinus.

Two unrelated patients with rare Crigler-Najjar syndrome type I:two novel mutations and a patient with loss of heterozygosity of UGT1A1 gene

Cdgler-Najjar syndrome type Ⅰ （CN-I） is the most severe type of hereditary unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. It is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations of the UDP-glycuronosyltransferase gene （UGT1A1） on chromosome 2q37. Two patients clinically diagnosed with CN-I were examined in this paper. We sequenced five exons and their flanking sequences, specifically the promoter region of UGT1A 1, of the two patients and their parents. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR） was used to determine the UGT1A1 gene copy number of one patient. In patient A, two mutations, c.239_245delCTGTGCC （p.Pro80HisfsX6; had not been reported previously） and c.1156G〉T （p.Va1386Phe）, were identified. In patient B, we found that this patient had lost heterozygosity of the UGTIA1 gene by inheriting a deletion of one allele, and had a novel mutation c.1253delT （p.Met418ArgfsX5） in the other allele. In summary, we detected three UGTIA 1 mutations in two CN-I patients： c.239_ 245delCTGTGCC （p.Pro80HisfsX6）, c.1253delT （p.MeH18ArgfsX5）, and c.1156G〉T （p.Va1386Phe）. The former two mutations are pathogenic; however, the pathogenic mechanism of c.1156G〉T （p.Va1386Phe） is unknown.

Effect of Al2O3/TiO2/Na2O on enrichment of phosphorus in P-bearing steelmaking slag

To explore the influence of Al2O3/TiO2/Na2O on the mineralogical structure and phosphorus enrichment of converter slag, phosphorus enrichment and distribution in the CaO-SiO2-Fe2O3-MgO-Al2O3/TiO2/Na2O slag system were experimen-tally examined. The results show that phosphorus mainly exists in an n2CaO·SiO2-3CaO·P2O5 (nC2S-C3P) solid solution. Al2O3/TiO2/Na2O is beneficial for phosphorus enrichment in the CaO-SiO2-Fe2O3-MgO slag system to various degrees. This allows screening and separation of the enriched phase in the slag. When Al2O3 content was increased from 0 to 15%, the P2O5 content in the P-rich phase increased from 13.88 to 21.32%, and the area of the P-rich phase decreased from 57.50 to 37.87%. When the TiO2 content was increased from 0 to 10%, the content of P2O5 in the P-rich phase increased from 13.88 to 22.90%, and the area of the P-rich phase decreased from 57.50 to 39.20%. When the contents of Al2O3 and TiO2 were increased, the previously formed nC2S-C3P solid solution transformed into n′C2S-C3P (n < n′) with higher phos-phorus content. Na2O had no significant effect on phosphorus enrichment, but exerted significant influence on the area of the P-rich phase. When the Na2O content was increased from 0 to 8%, the previously formed nC2S-C3P solid solution gradually became Na2Ca4(PO4)2SiO4, and the area of the P-rich phase increased from 57.50 to 68.50%. With increasing the content of ATN (a mixture with a mass ratio of Al2O3/TiO2/Na2O = 15:4:3) from 0 to 30%, the content of P2O5 increased from 13.88 to 42.10% and the area of the P-rich phase decreased from 54.92 to 18.40%.

Chromium enrichment in different crystalline phases of Cr-containing slag under various basicities and equilibrium temperatures

The effects of basicities and equilibrium temperatures on the enrichment of chromium in different mineral phases of synthesized argon-oxygen decarburization slags were investigated to understand the Cr concentrating behavior into Mg(Cr,Al)2O4 spinel phase and to determine the leaching stability of Cr-containing slag.The results showed that when the basicity decreased from 1.0 to 0.6 and temperatures decreased from 1600 to 800℃,the Cr content of amorphous phase and crystalline phase gradually decreased,with a subsequent increase in the Cr content of spinel phase.The range of Cr enrichment in spinel of slags S1,S2,and S3 is 92.03-96.89,91.63-96.36,and 90.67-95.42,respectively.The mass fraction and the size of spinel increased with the decreasing equilibrium temperatures,and the Cr leaching values decreased simultaneously.Therefore,the trend of the amount of Cr-related ions in the leachate was consistent with the trend of Cr in the amorphous phase,diopside,and akermanite.The results suggest that the lower basicity and equilibrium temperatures could be conducive to stabilizing Cr into spinel phase to minimize Cr leaching into the environment.

Kinetics of hot metal desulfurization using CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O-TiO2 slag

Kinetics of hot metal desulfurization were studied using CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O-TiO2 slag in the range of 1400-1500℃on a laboratory scale.The results of kinetic experiments indicate that the desulfurization rate increases as the temperature,Al2O3 content,Na2O content,and TiO2 content increase and basicity increases from 1.01 to 1.75,but decreases when basicity increases from 1.75 to 2.02.The melting effect of slag is promoted as the temperature,Na2O content,and TiO2 content increase and Al2O3 content increases from 12.13 to 17.17 mass%,but worsened as basicity increases and Al2O3 content increases from 17.17 to 22.27 mass%.A kinetic model of hot metal desulfurization has been developed to calculate the mass transfer coefficient and the mass transfer resistance of sulfur in slag.The mass transfer coefficient of sulfur increases as the temperature,Al2O3 content,Na2O content,and TiO2 content increase and basicity decreases.Total mass transfer coefficients of sulfur were in the range of(5.02-23.78)×10^-7 m s^-1.The activation energy was estimated to be 464.06 kJ mo1^-1 at the temperature from 1400 to 1450℃and 176.35 kJ mol-1 at the temperature from 1450 to 1500℃.The sulfur distribution at the slag-metal interface was observed using a mineral liberation analyzer.The result shows that the mass transfer of sulfur in slag is the controlling step at high temperature during the desulfurization process.

Influence of Cr_(2)_(3)content on viscosity and rheological behavior of Cr_(2)O_(3)-containing slags

The rheological behavior of Cr_(2)_(3)-containing slags was investigated using a rotating cylinder viscometer and the solid fraction and phases of Cr_(2)_(3)in molten slags were also calculated and observed at different temperatures.Furthermore,the viscosities of CaO–SiO2–Cr_(2)_(3)(–10%Al2O3)slags were measured from 1703 to 1953 K and the influence of Cr_(2)_(3)content on the viscosity and rheological behavior of molten slags was investigated.The calculation revealed that the solid fraction of the molten slags varied with the Cr_(2)_(3)content and maximum temperature,and the fluid properties transitioned from Newtonian to non-Newtonian behavior when the solid fraction reached 5%.Moreover,the increase in Cr_(2)_(3)content led to an increase in the viscosity as the slags displayed Newtonian flow characteristics and a decrease in the viscosity when slags exhibited non-Newtonian flow characteristics.The viscosity results of Cr_(2)_(3)-containing slag from 1703 to 1953 K and from 1703 to 1813 K were also discussed with the morphologies.