Differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs and regulatory mechanism of LINC02407 in human gastric adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)have been identified to play important roles in the development and progression of various tumors,including gastric cancer(GC).However,the molecular role of lncRNAs in GC progression remains unclear.AIM To investigate the differential expression of lncRNAs in human GC and elucidate the function and regulatory mechanism of LINC02407.METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to investigate the involvement of lncRNAs in GC.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to estimate the relative expression level of LINC02407 in GC tissues and cells.Functional experiments including CCK8 assay,apoptosis assay,wound healing assay,and transwell assay were used to investigate the effect of LINC02407 on GC cells.Some microRNAs were predicted and verified via bioinformatics analysis and the luciferase reporter system.Predictive analysis and Western blot assay were used to analyze the expression of related proteins.RESULTS Many differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified in GC,and some of them including LINC02407 can affect the survival.LINC02407 was upregulated in tumor tissues compared with adjacent tissues.HGC-27 cells showed the highest LINC02407 expression and HaCaT cells exhibited the lowest expression.Different experiment groups were constructed using LINC02407 overexpressing plasmids and related siRNAs.The results of functional experiments showed that LINC02407 can promote the proliferation,migration,and invasion of GC cells but inhibit apoptosis.Luciferase reporter assay showed that hsa-miR-6845-5p and hsa-miR-4455 was downstream regulated by LINC02407.Western blot analysis showed that adhesion G protein-coupled receptor D1(ADGRD1)was regulated by the LINC02407-miR-6845-5p/miR-4455-ADGRD1 pathways.CONCLUSION LINC02407 plays a role in GC through the LINC02407-miR-6845-5p/miR-4455-ADGRD1 pathways,and thus,it may be an important oncogene and has potential value in GC diagnosis and treatment.

Cutaneous metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma

AIM:To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of cutaneous metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma by a retrospective analysis of published cases.METHODS:An extensive search was conducted in the English literature within the Pub Med database using the following keywords:cutaneous metastasis or skin metastasis and cholangiocarcinoma or bile duct.The data of 30 patients from 21 articles from 1978 to 2014 were analyzed.Patient data retrieved from the articles included the following:age,gender,time cutaneous metastasis occurred,number of cutaneous metastases throughout life,sites of initial cutaneous metastasis,anatomic site,pathology and differentiation of cholangiocarcinoma,and immunohistochemical results of the cutaneous metastasis.The assessment of overall survival after cutaneous metastasis(OSCM) was the primary endpoint.RESULTS:The median age at diagnosis of cutaneous metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma was 60.0 years(range:35-77).This metastasis showed a predilection towards males,with a male to female ratio of 3.29.In 8 cases(27.6%),skin metastasis was the first sign of cholangiocarcinoma.Additionally,18 cases(60.0%) manifested single cutaneous metastasis,while 12 cases(40.0%) demonstrated multiple skin metastases.In 50.0% of patients,the metastasis occurred in the drainage region,while 50.0% of patients had distant cutaneous metastases.The scalp was the most frequently involved region of distant skin metastasis,occurring in 36.7% of patients.The median OSCM of cholangiocarcinoma was 4.0 mo.Patient age and cutaneous metastatic sites showed no significant relation with OSCM,while male gender and single metastasis of the skin were associated with a poorer OSCM(hazard ratio:0.168;P = 0.005,and hazard ratio:0.296;P = 0.011,respectively).CONCLUSION:The prognosis of cutaneous metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma is dismal.Both male gender and single skin metastasis are associated with a poorer OSCM.

Risk factors and possible mechanisms of saphenous vein graft failure after coronary artery bypass surgery

Coronary heart disease(CHD)is a complex metabolic syndrome,resulting in atherosclerotic lesions in one or more coronary arteries.CHD is associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide.Coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG)is the gold standard for invasive treatment of severe CHD,especially triple-vessel disease and left main disease.Saphenous veins(SVs)are typically used in CABG because of their sufficient length and convenience,but SV graft(SVG)failure is a common finding in patients.Approximately 20%of SVGs fail within 1 year after CABG,and the 10-year post-CA BG 1 patency rate is 60%.