Jidong cognitive impairment cohort study: objectives, design, and baseline screening

The risk of dementia increases in patients with cognitive impairment.However,it is not clear what factors contribute to the onset of dementia in those with cognitive impairment.In this prospective cohort study,we will investigate the every-five-year incidence of cognitive impairment and prognostic factors for cognitive impairment.The Jidong cognitive impairment cohort was established from April 2012 to August 2015,during which we recruited 5854 healthy participants(55.1%male)older than 45 years(mean,57 years).Participants received a health examination in the Staff Hospital,Jidong Oilfield Branch,China National Petroleum Corporation.Baseline data and blood samples were collected.Cognitive impairment was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination,and was defined as a Mini-Mental State Examination score of less than 24.Dementia was assessed using the criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(Fourth edition),the International Working Group criteria,and the Mini-Mental State Examination score.The follow-up will continue until December 2024,during which a prognostic model will be constructed.The primary outcome is the presence/absence of dementia and the secondary outcome is quality of life.Baseline screening results showed the following:(1)Cognitive impairment was apparent in 320 participants(5.5%).These participants will be excluded from the Jidong cohort study,and the remaining participants will be followed up.(2)Of the 320 participants with cognitive impairment,there was a significantly higher prevalence of illiteracy than other education levels(35.9%,P<0.05).Age,arterial hypertension,alcohol consumption,and passive smoking differed significantly between the cognitive impairment and healthy groups(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression models showed that age(odds ratio[OR]=1.059,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.044-1.074)and arterial hypertension(OR=1.665,95%CI:1.143-2.427)were risk factors for mild cognitive impairment.With the increase of educational level(illiteracy,primary school,junior high school,high school,university,and above),cognitive impairment gradually decreased(OR<1,P<0.05).(3)This cohort study has initially screened for several risk factors for cognitive impairment at baseline,and subsequent prospective data will further describe,validate,and evaluate the effects of these risk factors on cognitive impairment and dementia.These results can provide clinical evidence for the early prevention of cognitive impairment and dementia.The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Kailuan General Hospital of Tangshan City and the Medical Ethics Committee,Staff Hospital,Jidong Oilfield Branch,China National Petroleum Corporation on July 12,2013(approval No.2013 YILUNZI 1).

Severe serous cavity bleeding caused by acquired factor V deficiency associated with lymphatic leakage in a hemodialysis patient: A case report

BACKGROUND Acquired factor V deficiency is a rare secondary hemorrhagic disease,which can lead to a severe bleeding disorder.CASE SUMMARY We report a 47-year-old hemodialysis patient who presented with severe hemorrhagic pleural effusion and hemorrhagic pericardial effusion associated with lymphatic leakage.The laboratory examination revealed decreased factor V activity (2% of population average value).With decreased lymphatic leakage,factor V activity increased (to 46%).Lymph drainage correlated with prothrombin time and active partial thrombin time.The cause of the disease favored an acquired disease.The common causes which trigger factor V inhibitors were excluded.An inhibitor was not detected.It is possible that there was a clotting factor inhibitor leaking with the lymph in the drainage.Inhibitor production may be due to immune dysfunction caused by persistent lymphatic drainage,or that coagulation inhibitors were produced,drained with the lymph,and partly cleared by hemodialysis.CONCLUSION In this case,we have firstly reported factor V deficiency associated with lymphatic leakage in a hemodialysis patient.

Nucleic acids analysis

Nucleic acids are natural biopolymers of nucleotides that store, encode, transmit and express genetic information, which play central roles in diverse cellular events and diseases in living things. The analysis of nucleic acids and nucleic acids-based analysis have been widely applied in biological studies, clinical diagnosis, environmental analysis, food safety and forensic analysis.During the past decades, the field of nucleic acids analysis has been rapidly advancing with many technological breakthroughs.In this review, we focus on the methods developed for analyzing nucleic acids, nucleic acids-based analysis, device for nucleic acids analysis, and applications of nucleic acids analysis. The representative strategies for the development of new nucleic acids analysis in this field are summarized, and key advantages and possible limitations are discussed. Finally, a brief perspective on existing challenges and further research development is provided.