Identification of key genes and biological pathways in lung adenocarcinoma by integrated bioinformatics analysis

BACKGROUND The objectives of this study were to identify hub genes and biological pathways involved in lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)via bioinformatics analysis,and investigate potential therapeutic targets.AIM To determine reliable prognostic biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment of LUAD.METHODS To identify potential therapeutic targets for LUAD,two microarray datasets derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database were analyzed,GSE3116959 and GSE118370.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in LUAD and normal tissues were identified using the GEO2R tool.The Hiplot database was then used to generate a volcanic map of the DEGs.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was conducted to cluster the genes in GSE116959 and GSE-118370 into different modules,and identify immune genes shared between them.A protein-protein interaction network was established using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database,then the CytoNCA and CytoHubba components of Cytoscape software were used to visualize the genes.Hub genes with high scores and co-expression were identified,and the Database for Annotation,Visualization and Integrated Discovery was used to perform enrichment analysis of these genes.The diagnostic and prognostic values of the hub genes were calculated using receiver operating characteristic curves and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis,and gene-set enrichment analysis was conducted.The University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer data analysis portal was used to analyze relationships between the hub genes and normal specimens,as well as their expression during tumor progression.Lastly,validation of protein expression was conducted on the identified hub genes via the Human Protein Atlas database.RESULTS Three hub genes with high connectivity were identified;cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2(CRABP2),matrix metallopeptidase 12(MMP12),and DNA topoisomerase II alpha(TOP2A).High expression of these genes was associated with a poor LUAD prognosis,and the genes exhibited high diagnostic value.CONCLUSION Expression levels of CRABP2,MMP12,and TOP2A in LUAD were higher than those in normal lung tissue.This observation has diagnostic value,and is linked to poor LUAD prognosis.These genes may be biomarkers and therapeutic targets in LUAD,but further research is warranted to investigate their usefulness in these respects.

Metal-organic frameworks derived from divalent metals and 4-(1H-1, 2, 4-triazol-1-yl)benzoic acid

Two inorganic-organic coordination polymers, [Cd(TBA)2]·3H2O (1) and [Cu(TBA)2]·2H2O (2) have been synthesized by reaction of the metal ions of Cd(II) and Cu(II) with the ligand HTBA [HTBA = 4- (1H-1, 2, 4-triazol-1-yl)benzoic acid] under solvothermal condition. The compounds were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The structural analyses reveal the two independent polymers exhibit different structures. Complex 1 exhibits a 3D framework with 1D channels, and complex 2 shows a 2-fold interpenetrating 3D diamond net.

Incidence and Risk Factors of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Two Neonatal Intensive Care Units in North and South China

Background： To investigate the incidence and risk factors of retinopathy ofprematurity （ROP） in two Neonatal Intensive Care Units in North and South of China, respectively. Methods： We studied data concerning 472 infants with gestational age （GA） ≤34 weeks or birth weight （BW） ≤2000 g who were admitted to the Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University and the Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang between January 1,2011 and December 31,2011. Clinical information about perinatal neonates was collected and was confirmed by reviewing medical charts. The incidence and severity of ROP were assessed in the screened population. Main outcome measures are the incidence and severity of ROE The relationship of clinical risk thctors and the development of ROP were analyzed. Results： The overall incidence of ROP was 12.7%, and the overall incidence of type 1 ROP was 2.3%： 9.4% of infants in Zhujiang Hospital had ROP compared to 15.0% infants in the Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang developed ROE and the difference is statistically significant. ROP was significantly associated with GA （odds ratio [OR]： 0.77 [0.62-0.95], P = 0.015）, BW （OR： 0.998 [0.996-0.999], P = 0.008）] maternal supplemental oxygen administration before and during delivery （OR： 4.27 [ 1.2 1- 15.10], P = 0.024） and preeclampsia （OR： 6.07 [1.73-21.36] P = 0.005）. The risk factors for ROP are different in two hospitals. In Zhujiang Hospital, BW is the independent risk lhctors for ROP while GA, BW and preeclampsia in the Fourth Hospital in Shijiazhuang Conclusions： Retinopathy of prematurity incidence is different based on area. Incidence of ROP is still high in China. More efforts need to prevent ROP.