Endoscopic detection and diagnostic strategies for minute gastric cancer:A real-world observational study

BACKGROUND Minute gastric cancers(MGCs)have a favorable prognosis,but they are too small to be detected by endoscopy,with a maximum diameter≤5 mm.AIM To explore endoscopic detection and diagnostic strategies for MGCs.METHODS This was a real-world observational study.The endoscopic and clinicopathological parameters of 191 MGCs between January 2015 and December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.Endoscopic discoverable opportunity and typical neoplastic features were emphatically reviewed.RESULTS All MGCs in our study were of a single pathological type,97.38%(186/191)of which were differentiated-type tumors.White light endoscopy(WLE)detected 84.29%(161/191)of MGCs,and the most common morphology of MGCs found by WLE was protruding.Narrow-band imaging(NBI)secondary observation detected 14.14%(27/191)of MGCs,and the most common morphology of MGCs found by NBI was flat.Another three MGCs were detected by indigo carmine third observation.If a well-demarcated border lesion exhibited a typical neoplastic color,such as yellowish-red or whitish under WLE and brownish under NBI,MGCs should be diagnosed.The proportion with high diagnostic confidence by magnifying endoscopy with NBI(ME-NBI)was significantly higher than the proportion with low diagnostic confidence and the only visible groups(94.19%>56.92%>32.50%,P<0.001).CONCLUSION WLE combined with NBI and indigo carmine are helpful for detection of MGCs.A clear demarcation line combined with a typical neoplastic color using nonmagnifying observation is sufficient for diagnosis of MGCs.MENBI improves the endoscopic diagnostic confidence of MGCs.

What Moved into the Lung?An Unusual Case of Foreign Body Migration

FOREIGN body migration into the lung is a rare complication that can cause various symptoms.In adults,however,foreign body deposited in the lung can be tolerated and remain undetected for a long time.Delayed diagnosis and subsequent delayed treatment is usually associated with atypical complications.In this article,we describe a case of foreign body migration into the tracheobronchial tree.After a long time delay diagnosis,

Fast and accurate determination of phase transition temperature via individual generalized canonical ensemble simulation

It is very important to determine the phase transition temperature,such as the water/ice coexistence temperature in various water models,via molecular simulations.We show that a single individual direct simulation is sufficient to get the temperature with high accuracy and small computational cost based on the generalized canonical ensemble(GCE).Lennard–Jones fluids,the atomic water models,such as TIP4P/2005,TIP4P/ICE,and the mW water models are applied to illustrate the method.We start from the coexistent system of the two phases with a plane interface,then equilibrate the system under the GCE,which can stabilize the coexistence of the phases,to directly derive the phase transition temperature without sensitive dependence on the applied parameters of the GCE and the size of the simulation systems.The obtained result is in excellent agreement with that in literatures.These features make the GCE approach in determining the phase transition temperature of systems be robust,easy to use,and particularly good at working on computationally expensive systems.