Two-step high-pressure high-temperature synthesis of nanodiamonds from naphthalene

Nanodiamonds have outstanding mechanical properties,chemical inertness,and biocompatibility,which give them potential in various applications.Current methods for preparing nanodiamonds often lead to products with impurities and uneven morphologies.We report a two-step high-pressure high-temperature(HPHT) method to synthesize nanodiamonds using naphthalene as the precursor without metal catalysts.The grain size of the diamonds decreases with increasing carbonization time(at constant pressure and temperature of 11.5 GPa and 700℃,respectively).This is discussed in terms of the different crystallinities of the carbon intermediates.The probability of secondary anvil cracking during the HPHT process is also reduced.These results indicate that the two-step method is efficient for synthesizing nanodiamonds,and that it is applicable to other organic precursors.

Identification of novel immune ferroptosis-specific genes associated with prognostic features in hepatocellular carcinoma

Background:As the most common iron metabolism and storage organ,the specific regulatory mechanism and prognostic relevance of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCc)need further study.Objective:We aimed to perform a multi-omics integration and a ferroptosis-associated signature of HCC.Methods:Gene Expression Omnibus was searched for available data with ferroptosis inducers,and three independent datasets(GSE104462,GSE112384,and GSE142591)were collected.Multi-omic data with available clinical information of TCGA-LIHC and CHCC were retrieved from the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA,http://cancergenome.nih.gov/)and iProX database(www.iprox.org,IPx0000937000).Integrated multi-omics analyses revealed the difference among biological functions,the activation status of key signaling pathways,tumor microenvironment,and sorafenib resistance in HCC.Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis(ssGSEA)identified a novel panel associated with clinical and molecular attributes,including survival,immune microenvironment,sorafenib resistance,genetic profile,liver-specific proteome,and phosphoproteome.Results:We performed a multi-omics integrationfor ferroptosis-associated characterization of HCC using paired tumor and adjacent liver tissues from 370 samples of TCGA.We proposed a novel panel including twelve genes that could reflect the prognosis and capacity of ferroptosis(ATAD2,DTL,DUT,E2F2,GINS2,FOXK1,MCM4,MCM5,MTHFD1,PHF19,POLA1,THOC6).Samples with high ferroptosis prognostic scores suggested significantly inferior survival(P=0.0028),a lower degree of ferroptosis(P<0.001),and greater ferroptosis induction capacity(P<0.001).Conclusion:The score in our study revealed the inherent state and further potential of ferroptosis in tumor cells,which also distinct features in tumor metabolism,microenvironment,clinical phenotype,and potential therapeutics.