中文版特发性肺纤维化患者生活质量量表在间质性肺疾病患者中的信效度研究

目的评价中文版特发性肺纤维化患者生活质量量表(Chinese version of a tool to assess quality of life in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis,cATAQ-IPF)在间质性肺疾病(interstitial lung diseases,LD)患者中的信效度。方法使用量表引进方法形成中文版ATAQ-IPF(cATAQ-IPF)。量表的内容效度通过6名专家评价获得。共92例ILD患者完成cATAQ-IPF,圣乔治呼吸问卷(St.George's respiratory questionnaire,SGRQ)和英国医学研究委员会呼吸困难量表的基线评估。15例符合纳人排除标准的受试者在2周后完成了cATAQ-IPF的重测信度检验。收集的数据用于评价cATAQ-IPF的组内相关系数、Cronbach's a内部一致性信度、内容效度、皮尔森相关系数,校标关联效度和已知族群效度。结果cATAQ-IPF具有良好的重测信度,组内相关系数为0.95。量表有良好的组内一致性信度,除治疗维度Cronbach'sa为0.60外,其余维度Cronbach'sa为0.96。量表水平的内容效度指数(S-CVI)为0.80,条目水平的内容效度指数(I-CVI)为0.78~1.00,内容效度较好。cATAQ-IPF得分与SGRQ总分显著相关(r=0.71,P<0.01),校标关联效度理想。ILD患者cATAQ-IPF得分为(250.74±47.39)分,,IPF患者cATAQ-IPF得分为(287.90±22.56)分。根据cATAQ-IPF评估,IPF患者健康相关生活质量受到更多损害(t=4.94,P<0.01)。结论cATAQ-IPF可用于评价中国ILD患者,是具有良好信效度的评估工具。

Study on Numerical Comparison Method of Four-bar Straight-line Guidance Mechanism

In order to solve four-bar straight-line guidance mechanism synthesis problem for the arbitrarily given straight-line’s"angle requirement"and"point-position requirement",a numerical comparison synthesis method for single and double straight-line guidance mechanism is presented,which is convenient to realize by computer program.The basic idea of this method is:to select a four-bar linkage whose relative bar length of crank is 1 as a basic four-bar linkage.Then the other three relative bars’length is changed,and a lot of basic four-bar linkage can be obtained.There are many single and double ball-points of each basic four-bar linkage.With the motion of a basic four-bar linkage,there is straight-line segment of each Ball-point’s path.The data of these basic four-bar linkages is saved to a database.When designing a four-bar straight-line guidance mechanism,the design data is compared with the data in database and a satisfactory four-bar linkage can be obtained.The method effectively solves the straight-line guidance mechanism synthesis problem.

α particle preformation and shell effect for heavy and superheavy nuclei

The α particle preformation factor is extracted within a generalized liquid drop model for Z=84-92 isotopes and N=126, 128, 152, 162, 176, 184 isotones. The calculated results show clearly that the shell effects play a key role in α particle preformation. The closer the proton and neutron numbers are to the magic numbers, the more difficult the formation of the α cluster inside the mother nucleus is. The preformation factors of the isotopes reflect that N=126 is a magic number for Po, Rn, Ra, and Th isotopes, but for U isotopes the weakening of the influence of the N=126 shell closure is evident. The trend of the factors for N=126 and N=128 isotones also support this conclusion. We extend the calculations for N=152, 162, 176, 184 isotones to explore the magic numbers for heavy and superheavy nuclei, which are probably present near Z=108 to N=152, 162 isotones and Z=116 to N=176, 184 isotones. The results also show that another subshell closure may exist after Z=124 in the superheavy nuclei. This is useful for future experiments.