Research progress on the source,function and application of AMPs

Antibacterial peptide,also known as a host defense peptide,is a small molecular peptide that exhibits antibacterial activity.It disrupts the cell membrane structure of bacteria,leading to the release of internal contents and subsequent cell death,all without promoting the development of drug resistance in bacteria.It serves as a crucial component of the body’s innate immunity,forming the initial defense against the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms.However,the functionality of this small molecule peptide extends beyond this role.It also demonstrates positive effects in promoting organism growth,maintaining the balance of beneficial bacteria within organisms,combating cancer,enhancing immune function,and combating viruses,among other benefits.Additionally,it finds applications in biomaterials,food preservation,animal husbandry,and aquaculture.In summary,this small molecular peptide plays a significant role in various domains.

The nutritional value of Spirulina and utilization research

With the development of modern society,the demand for nutrition,health,and food safety among people is also increasing.More and more consumers are connecting their diet to a healthy lifestyle in order to reduce the occurrence of chronic diseases.Spirulina,known as green ginseng,is one of the most productive microalgae with high output value.It is considered as one of the most ideal dietary supplements due to its unique nutritional and health benefits.The main components of spirulina include protein,fat,vitamins,chlorophyll,and minerals.The protein content is particularly high,ranging from 60-70%.Spirulina can be used as a natural nutritional supplement,providing various essential nutrients needed by the body.Apart from being a nutritional supplement,spirulina is also widely utilized in the food,medicine,and cosmetics industries.Spirulina powder can be added to various foods such as bread,cakes,and biscuits to enhance their nutritional value.Spirulina extract can also be used in the production of healthcare and beauty products.Furthermore,the antioxidant and immune-boosting effects of spirulina make it a promising natural medicine for research in the treatment of cancer and liver disease.This paper aims to provide comprehensive information on the nutritional composition,secondary metabolites,and biological activities of spirulina,thereby contributing to the spirulina industry.

Effectiveness and Safety of a Novel Approach for Management of Patients with Potential Difficult Mask Ventilation and Tracheal Intubation： A Multi-center Randomized Trial

Background： Patients with potential difficult mask ventilation （DV） and difficult intubation （Dl） are often managed with awake intubation, which can be stressful for patients and anesthesiologists. This prospective randomized study evaluated a new approach, fast difficult airway evaluation （FDAE）. We hypothesized that the FDAE approach would reduce the need for awake intubation. Methods： After obtaining informed consent, 302 patients with potential DV/DI undergoing elective surgeries were randomly assigned to the FDAE group （Group E） and the control group （Group C）. In Group E, patients were gradually sedated, and adequacy of manual mask ventilation during spontaneous breathing was assessed at various sedation levels. Awake intubation was applied in those with inadequate mask ventilation. In Group C, DI was evaluated under local anesthesia. However, the care team could intubate under general anesthesia if the vocal cords were visible. The primary outcome was the rate of awake intubations in both groups and the induction efficiency assessed by the induction time. The secondary outcome was the incidence of serious complications. Results： The rate of awake intubation was significantly lower in Group E than that in Group C （5.81% vs. 36.05%,χ2 = 42.3, P 〈 0.001 ）. The induction time was much shorter in Group E than in Group C （11.85 ± 4.82 min vs. 18.71± 7.85 min, t = 5.39, P 〈 0.001）. There was no significant difl＇erence in the incidence of intubation related complications between the two groups. Patients in Group E had a much lower incidence of recall （9.68% vs. 44.90%, χ2 = 47.68, P 〈 0.001） of the induction process and higher satisfaction levels than patients in Group C （t=15.36, P〈 0.001）. Conclusions： The FDAE significantly reduces the need for awake intubation and improves the efficiency of the intubation process without comprising safety in patients with potential difficult mask ventilation and DI.

小蓬草入侵地和原产地种群的遗传多样性和种群结构

外来入侵植物对全球生物多样性造成了危害。小蓬草(Erigeron canadensis L.)是危害最为严重的外来农业杂草之一,代表了洲际入侵的典型例子。本研究利用10个多态性SSR位点,分别对采自中国江苏和浙江省的入侵地和采自美国阿拉巴马州的原产地各5个种群、共计312个植株的基因型进行了遗传多样性和遗传结构分析。结果表明,江苏省和浙江省的入侵种群显示出与阿拉巴马州原产地种群相似的遗传多样性,表明入侵期间没有严重的遗传瓶颈。利用STRUCTURE对种群结构的分析结果显示,种群之间分化较低,在原产地和入侵范围内均只仅检测到两个基因群。在入侵种群中观察到的遗传多样性较高,表明在入侵初期可能存在多次引入或引入了遗传背景不同的繁殖体。上述研究为阐明小蓬草这一全球有害杂草在中国东部的入侵动态提供了新的证据。在防除实践中,应注意防范小蓬草入侵种群和本地种群之间的种子基因流传播,阻止除草剂抗性植株的引入和扩散。