Single-cell analysis identifies phospholysine phosphohistidine inorganic pyrophosphate phosphatase as a target in ulcerative colitis

BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder characterized by inflammation and ulceration,representing a significant predisposition to colorectal cancer.Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)technology offer a promising avenue for dissecting the complex cellular interactions and molecular signatures driving UC pathology.AIM To utilize scRNA-seq technology to dissect the complex cellular interactions and molecular signatures that underlie UC pathology.METHODS In this research,we integrated and analyzed the scRNA-seq data from UC patients.Moreover,we conducted mRNA and protein level assays as well as pathology-related staining tests on clinical patient samples.RESULTS In this study,we identified the sustained upregulation of inflammatory response pathways during UC progression,characterized the features of damaged endothelial cells in colitis.Furthermore,we uncovered the downregulation of phospholysine phosphohistidine inorganic pyrophosphate phosphatase(LHPP)has a negative correlation with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3.Significant downregulation of LHPP in UC patient tissues and plasma suggests that LHPP may serve as a potential therapeutic target for UC.This paper highlights the importance of LHPP as a potential key target in UC and unveils its potential role in inflammation regulation.CONCLUSION The findings suggest that LHPP may serve as a potential therapeutic target for UC,emphasizing its importance as a potential key target in UC and unveiling its role in inflammation regulation.

Interfacial Oxides Evolution of High-Speed Steel Joints by Hot-Compression Bonding

The interfacial oxidation behavior of Cr_(4)Mo_(4) V high-speed steel(HSS)joints undergoing hot-compression bonding was investigated by using optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).In the heating and holding processes,dispersed rod-like and granularδ-Al_(2)O_(3) oxides were formed at the interface and in the matrix near the interface due to the selective oxidation and internal oxidation of Al,while irregular Si-Al-O compounds and spheroidal SiO_(2) particles were formed at the interface.After the post-holding treatment,SiO_(2) oxides and Si-Al-O compounds were dissolved into the matrix,andδ-Al_(2)O_(3) oxides were transformed into nanoscaleα-Al_(2)O_(3) particles,which did not deteriorate the mechanical properties of the joints.The formation and migration of newly-formed grain boundaries by plastic deformation and post-holding treatment were the main mechanism for interface healing.The tensile test results showed that the strength of the healed joints was comparable to that of the base material,and the in-situ tensile observations proved that the fracture was initiated at the grain boundary of the matrix rather than at the interface.The clarification of interfacial oxides and microstructure is essential for the application of hot-compression bonding of HSSs.

Modeling motion and growth of multiple dendrites during solidification based on vector-valued phase field and two-phase flow models

Movement and growth of dendrites are common phenomena during solidification.To numerically investigate these phenomena,two-phase flow model is employed to formulate the FSI(fluid-structure interaction)problem during dendritic solidification.In this model,solid is assumed to have huge viscosity to maintain its own shape and an exponential expression is constructed to describe variable viscosity across s-l(solid-liquid)interface.With an effective preconditioner for saddle point structure,we build a N-S(Navier-Stokes)solver robust to tremendous viscosity ratio(as large as 10^(10))between solid and liquid.Polycrystalline solidification is computed by vector-valued phase field model,which is computationally convenient to handle contact between dendrites.Locations of dendrites are updated by solving advection equations.Orientation change due to dendrite's rotation has been considered as well.Calculation is accelerated by two-level time stepping scheme,adaptive mesh refinement,and parallel computation.Settlement and growth of a single dendrite and multiple dendrites in Al-Cu alloy were simulated,showing the availability of the provided model to handle anisotropic growth,motion and impingement of dendrites.This study lays foundation to simulate solidification coupled with deformation in the future.