Exploring the pathogenesis of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis based on the prolactin theory

Prolactin(PRL),as a cytokine,plays a variety of multidirectional roles in immunity and inflammation.An autoimmune condition known as idiopathic granulomatous mastitis(IGM)involves many inflammatory cells and cytokines.PRL links neuroendocrine and immune systems and plays an active role in the inflammatory and immune processes.Based on the theory of PRL and combined with the latest research review at home and abroad,this paper aims to review the mechanism of action of PRL on IGM from the aspects of various inflammatory cells,cytokines and pathways,revealing the influence of PRL theory on IGM and the mechanism of action,so as to effectively control inflammation in the long-term.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its related enzymes and receptors play important roles after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) regulates many neurological functions and plays a vital role during the recovery from central nervous system injuries. However, the changes in BDNF expression and associated factors following hypoxia-ischemia induced neonatal brain damage, and the significance of these changes are not fully understood. In the present study, a rat model of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage was established through the occlusion of the right common carotid artery, followed by 2 hours in a hypoxic-ischemic environment. Rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage presented deficits in both sensory and motor functions, and obvious pathological changes could be detected in brain tissues. The m RNA expression levels of BDNF and its processing enzymes and receptors(Furin, matrix metallopeptidase 9, tissuetype plasminogen activator, tyrosine Kinase receptor B, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and Sortilin) were upregulated in the ipsilateral hippocampus and cerebral cortex 6 hours after injury;however, the expression levels of these m RNAs were found to be downregulated in the contralateral hippocampus and cerebral cortex. These findings suggest that BDNF and its processing enzymes and receptors may play important roles in the pathogenesis and recovery from neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the University of South Australia(approval No. U12-18) on July 30, 2018.

康柏西普和雷珠单抗治疗视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿有效性的Meta分析

目的:系统评价康柏西普和雷珠单抗治疗视网膜静脉阻塞(RVO)继发黄斑水肿(ME)的疗效、安全性、经济性。方法:分别在万方数据库、中国生物医学文献服务系统、中国知网、Pubmed、The Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL)、Google scholar等数据库收集自建库至2020-02-20关于康柏西普和雷珠单抗治疗RVO继发ME的对照研究,提取最佳矫正视力、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度、不良反应发生情况、注射次数等主要结局指标进行系统评价,比较二者的效果。采用RevMan 5.3统计软件进行数据的分析。结果:共纳入16项研究,合计患者1337例。Meta分析结果提示,与雷珠单抗相比,康柏西普在采用1+PRN注射方案和治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞(BRVO)继发ME患者时,对黄斑水肿的消退效果更明显,但二者注射次数无明显差异;与雷珠单抗相比,康柏西普在采用3+PRN注射方案和治疗视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)继发ME患者时,注射次数更少;康柏西普和雷珠单抗在视力改善和不良反应的发生方面无明显差异。结论:与雷珠单抗相比,康柏西普在不同的注射方案和不同的静脉阻塞类型治疗中体现出更优的效果,即更少的注射次数或更好的黄斑水肿消退效果。

Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on the Treatment Outcomes of Chemotherapy in Women with Breast Cancer——A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study

There are few population-based data in investigating the impact of diabetes on chemotherapy adverse effects and treatment outcomes of non-metastatic breast cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether diabetes affects the patterns of use in chemotherapy, toxic effects of chemotherapy, and treatment outcomes for non-metastatic breast cancer in Taiwan. The study results can provide physicians for making a decision whether or not to use chemotherapy based on the individual patients＇ condition.

The study of proto-magnetar winds

The velocity profiles and properties of proto-magnetar winds are investigated. It is found that the corotation of wind matter with magnetic field lines significantly affects r-process nucleosynthesis and could lead to long duration γ-ray bursts and hyper-energetic supernovae.

Study on cerebral edema in the rat model with closed craniocerebral injury and its relationship with apoptosis, inflammatory factor generation and AQPs expression

Objective:To study the relationship of cerebral edema with apoptosis, inflammatory factor generation and AQPs expression in the rat model with closed craniocerebral injury.Methods:Male SD rats were selected as experimental animals and divided into model group and control group. Model group were established into the closed craniocerebral injury models and control group received sham operation. The water content of damaged brain tissue as well as the expression of apoptosis molecules, the generation of inflammatory factors and the expression of aquaporins (AQPs) molecules were measured 7 d after model establishment.Results:The water content of brain tissue of model group was significantly higher than that of control group;Homer1a, Pim-3, Bcl-2, AQP1, AQP4 and AQP9 mRNA expression in brain tissue of model group were significantly lower than those of control group while Cdk5, FasL and Caspase-3 mRNA expression as well as NF-kB, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and p-JNK generation were significantly higher than those of control group. Homer1a, Pim-3, Bcl-2, AQP1, AQP4 and AQP9 mRNA expression in brain tissue of model group were negatively correlated with water content while Cdk5, FasL and Caspase-3 mRNA expression as well as NF-kB, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and p-JNK generation were positively correlated with water content.Conclusion:The excessive apoptosis, increased inflammatory factor generation and decreased AQPs expression are closely related to the occurrence of cerebral edema in the process of closed craniocerebral injury.

Deuteron under strong magnetic fields: Skyrme model study

We explore the deuteron under strong magnetic fields in Skyrme models.The effects of the derivative dependent sextic term in the Skyrme Lagrangian are investigated,and the rational map approximation is used to de-scribe the deuteron.The influences of strong magnetic fields on the electric charge distribution and mass of the deu-teron arediscussed.

Nuclear matter and neutron star properties with the extendedNambu-Jona-Lasinio model

An extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio(eNJL) model with nucleons as the degrees of freedom is used to investigate properties of nuclear matter and neutron stars(NSs),including the binding energy and symmetry energy of the nuclear matter, the core-crust transition density, and mass-radius relation of NSs. The fourth-order symmetry energy at saturation density is also investigated. When the bulk properties of nuclear matter at saturation density are used to determine the model parameters, the double solutions of parameters are obtained for a given nuclear incompressibility. It is shown that the isovector-vector interaction has a significant influence on the nuclear matter and NS properties, and the sign of isovector-vector coupling constant is critical in the determination of the trend of the symmetry energy and equation of state. The effects of the other model parameters and symmetry energy slope at saturation density are discussed.

Crust-core transition and dynamical instabilities in neutron stars for model with point-coupling interactions

We explore the effects of the density dependence of symmetry energy on the crust-core phase transition and dynamical instabilities in cold and warm neutron stars in the relativistic mean field(RMF)theory with point-coupling interactions using the Vlasov approach.The role of neutrino trapping is also considered.The crust-core transition density and pressure,distillation effect,and cluster size and growth rates are discussed.The present work shows that the slope of symmetry energy at saturation,temperature,and neutrino trapping have non-negligible effects.