Jianqu,a traditional Chinese medicine,alleviates functional dyspepsia in high-calorie and high-protein diet mice

Background:Jianqu has been used to alleviate symptoms in patients with functional dyspepsia,but its specific anti-functional dyspepsia effect is still unclear.Therefore,our study aimed to investigate the impact of Jianqu on functional dyspepsia in mice.Methods:The phytochemical profile of Jianqu was analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS.Subsequently,Kunming mice were fed a high-calorie or high-protein diet(HCHP)for 7 days,and then orally treated with vehicle or Jianqu(1.62 g/kg body weight(b.w.)and 3.25 g/kg b.w.)for 10 days.A carbon powder solution was used to detect the gastric emptying and intestinal transit rate.The pathological changes in stomach and duodenum were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining.The occludin,claudin-1,ZO-1 and CD45 expression was measured by immunocytochemical staining.Importantly,the serum gastrointestinal hormones were detected by ELISA.In addition,the gut microbiota composition was determined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.The cecal short chain fatty acids were assessed by gas chromatography.Results:In general,17 phytochemical compounds were identified from Jianqu,which significantly improved the gastric emptying rate and intestinal transit rate(p<0.01),increased the body weight and food intake(p<0.0001)in HCHP mice as well.Though HCHP did not cause significant pathological lesions in the gastrointestinal tract,increased the expression of CD45 in the duodenum(p<0.05)was observed.Notably,Jianqu attenuated this abnormal expression of CD45(p<0.05).The levels of serum gastrointestinal hormones were significantly normalized by Jianqu intervention(p<0.05).Moreover,Jianqu increased the relative abundance of Roseburia as well as short chain fatty acids levels in cecum(p<0.05).Conclusion:The present results showed that Jianqu alleviated dyspeptic symptoms in HCHP mice possibly through reducing the duodenal leukocyte infiltration,and regulating the expression of gastrointestinal hormones.These effects may be partly related to the increasing cecal short chain fatty acids levels probably via gut microbial modulation.

Fixed-Time Neural Control of a Quadrotor UAV With Input and Attitude Constraints

Dear Editor, This letter is concerned with the attitude control of a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) subject to the input constraint, attitude constraint and model uncertainty. Firstly, we construct an auxiliary system to eliminate the adverse impact of the input saturation.Secondly, we introduce the nonlinear state-dependent function to deal with the attitude constraint directly. Thirdly, the neural network is utilized to identify the unknown terms in the system. Finally.

Adaptive Neural Control for Nonlinear MIMO Function Constraint Systems

Dear Editor,In this letter,a novel adaptive control design problem for uncertain nonlinear multi-input-multi-output(MIMO)systems with time-varying full state constraints is proposed,where the considered systems consist of various subsystems,and the states of each subsystem are interconnected tightly.It is universally acknowledged that in the existing researches with state constraints,system constraint bounds are always constants or time-varying functions.

Adaptive Neural Network-Based Control for a Class of Nonlinear Pure-Feedback Systems With Time-Varying Full State Constraints

In this paper, an adaptive neural network(NN)control approach is proposed for nonlinear pure-feedback systems with time-varying full state constraints. The pure-feedback systems of this paper are assumed to possess nonlinear function uncertainties. By using the mean value theorem, pure-feedback systems can be transformed into strict feedback forms. For the newly generated systems, NNs are employed to approximate unknown items. Based on the adaptive control scheme and backstepping algorithm, an intelligent controller is designed. At the same time, time-varying Barrier Lyapunov functions(BLFs)with error variables are adopted to avoid violating full state constraints in every step of the backstepping design. All closedloop signals are uniformly ultimately bounded and the output tracking error converges to the neighborhood of zero, which can be verified by using the Lyapunov stability theorem. Two simulation examples reveal the performance of the adaptive NN control approach.

食管癌脑转移的危险因素及生存分析

目的分析食管癌脑转移的危险因素及生存状况。方法回顾性分析2005年1月—2019年1月西安交通大学第二附属医院收治的2 563例食管癌患者的临床资料。使用单因素分析脑转移组与非脑转移组患者的临床病理特征,并进行多因素Logistic回归分析,通过Kaplan-Meyer生存曲线和Log-rankχ2检验比较组间生存时间的差异。结果 2 563例食管癌患者中,脑转移48例(1.87%)。脑转移与非脑转移组的年龄、病理类型、T分期、N分期、颅外转移发生率、伴肺转移发生率、伴肝转移发生率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,T4期、N2期和N3期、伴肺转移是食管癌脑转移的独立危险因素(P <0.05);脑转移组1年生存率为18.64%,低于非脑转移组的86.93%(P <0.05);单因素和多因素分析结果显示,脑转移数目≥3个、原发灶控制不稳定是影响食管癌脑转移患者生存时间的独立危险因素(P <0.05),其中手术综合治疗是保护性因素(P <0.05)。结论 T4期、N2期和N3期、伴肺转移的食管癌患者更容易发生脑转移,生存状况较差,手术综合治疗在增加生存获益上具有优势。

Synchronous incidental gastrointestinal stromal and epithelial malignant tumors

AIM:To investigate the incidence of incidental gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) and its etiopathogenesis.METHODS: From January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2007, 13 804 cases of gastrointestinal epithelial malignant tumor (EMT) and 521 cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) were successfully treated with surgery at the Department of General Surgery and the Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China. The clinical and pathologic data of 311 cases of primary GIST, including 257 cases with clinical GIST and 54 cases of incidental GIST were analyzed.RESULTS: Of the 311 patients, 54 had incidental GIST, accounting for 17.4%. Of these tumors, 27 were found in 1.13% patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), 22 in 0.53% patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC), 2 in 0.38% patients with PAC, 2 in 0.03% patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma, and 1 in one patient with GAC accompanying ESCC, respectively. Patients with incidental GIST presented symptoms indistinguishable from those with EMT. All incidental GIST lesions were small in size, and the majority had a low mitotic activity while only 1.9% (5/257) of clinical GIST lesions had a high risk.CONCLUSION: Incidental GIST may occur synchronously with other tumors and has a high prevalence in males. Surgery is its best treatment modality.

Efficacy of short-term multidisciplinary intensive rehabilitation in patients with different Parkinson's disease motor subtypes: a prospective pilot study with 3-month follow-up

Parkinson's disease(PD) can be classified into three motor-based subtypes: postural instability/gait difficulty(PIGD), tremor dominant(TD), and indeterminate.The neuropathophysiological mechanisms of the three motor subtypes are different, which may lead to different responses to therapy.Sixty-nine patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease(Hoehn–Yahr stage ≤ 3) were screened from 436 patients with Parkinsonism recruited through outpatient services and the internet.According to the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(MDS-UPDRS) TD/PIGD ratio, the patients were divided into PIGD(TD/PIGD ≤ 0.09;n = 36), TD(TD/PIGD ≥1.15;n = 19), and indeterminate(TD/PIGD = 0.90–1.15;n = 14) groups.All patients received 2 weeks of multidisciplinary intensive rehabilitation treatment(MIRT) during hospitalization, as well as a remote home rehabilitation health education class.Compared with the scores at admission, all patients showed significant improvements in their MDS-UPDRS III score, walking ability, balance, and posture control at discharge.Moreover, the MDS-UPDRS III score improvement was greater in the PIGD group than in the TD group.The follow-up data, collected for 3 months after discharge, showed that overall symptom improvement in each group was maintained for 1–3 months.Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the duration or grade effects of symptom improvement among the three groups.These findings suggest that 2 weeks of MIRT is effective for improving motor performance in all three motor subtypes.Patients in the PIGD group had a better response after hospitalization than those in the TD group.This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital of Capital Medical University of China(approval No.2018 bkky022) on May 7, 2018 and registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(registration No.Chi CTR1900020771) on January 19, 2019.

Time-Varying Asymmetrical BLFs Based Adaptive Finite-Time Neural Control of Nonlinear Systems With Full State Constraints

This paper concentrates on asymmetric barrier Lyapunov functions(ABLFs)based on finite-time adaptive neural network(NN)control methods for a class of nonlinear strict feedback systems with time-varying full state constraints.During the process of backstepping recursion,the approximation properties of NNs are exploited to address the problem of unknown internal dynamics.The ABLFs are constructed to make sure that the time-varying asymmetrical full state constraints are always satisfied.According to the Lyapunov stability and finitetime stability theory,it is proven that all the signals in the closedloop systems are uniformly ultimately bounded(UUB)and the system output is driven to track the desired signal as quickly as possible near the origin.In the meantime,in the scope of finitetime,all states are guaranteed to stay in the pre-given range.Finally,a simulation example is proposed to verify the feasibility of the developed finite time control algorithm.

Biodesulfurization of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite concentrates and pH control of bioleaching solution

Vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite concentrates were desulfurized with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans （A. ferrooxidans）. The sulfur content of the concentrates was reduced from 0.69wt% to 0.14wt% after bioleaching for 15 d with a 10% pulp density at 30℃. Maintaining a stable pH value during biodesulfurization was critical because of high acid consumption, resulting from a combination of nonoxidative and oxidative dissolution of pyrrhotite in acid solution. It is discovered that the citric acid-disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer of pH 2.0 can control the solution pH value smoothly in the optimal range of 2.0-3.0 for A. ferrooxidans growth. Using the buffer in the volume fraction range of 5.0%-15.0% stimulates A. ferooxidans growth and improves the biodesulfurization efficiency. Compared with the buffer-free control case, the maximum increase of biodesulfurization rate is 29.7% using a 10.0vol% buffer. Bioleaching provides an alternative process for desulfurization of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite ores.

Fringe visibility and correlation in Mach–Zehnder interferometer with an asymmetric beam splitter

We study the wave–particle duality in a general Mach–Zehnder interferometer with an asymmetric beam splitter from the viewpoint of quantum information theory.The correlations(including the classical correlation and the quantum correlation)between the particle and the which-path detector are derived when they are in pure state or mixed state at the output of Mach–Zehnder interferometer.It is found that the fringe visibility and the correlations are effected by the asymmetric beam splitter and the input state of the particle.The complementary relations between the fringe visibility and the correlations are also presented.

Estimation Based Adaptive Constraint Control for a Class of Coupled String Systems

Dear editor,In this letter,the boundary tension constraint-based adaptive boundary control problem is investigated for a class of flexible string systems with unknown boundary disturbances and unknown parameters,with the purpose of suppressing transverse and longitudinal vibrations.

小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞自噬与衰老的关系

目的探讨小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BM-MSCs)自噬与衰老的关系。方法通过体外分离培养年轻组小鼠(8周龄)和老年组小鼠(18个月龄)BM-MSCs,流式细胞术检测细胞表型,TUNEL染色检测细胞凋亡,ELISA试剂盒检测BM-MSCs分泌蛋白VEGF、b FGF、IGF-1、HGF的表达,Western blot检测自噬相关蛋白LC3-Ⅰ、LC3-Ⅱ、Beclin 1、ATG12-5、p62及信号通路蛋白p-Akt、Akt、p-m TOR、m TOR的表达。结果与年轻组比较,老年组BM-MSCs凋亡增加(P<0.05),分泌功能下降(P<0.05),自噬相关蛋白LC3-Ⅰ、LC3-Ⅱ、Beclin 1、ATG12-5表达水平下降(P<0.05),相反p62蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05),自噬信号通路相关蛋白p-Akt、Akt、p-m TOR、m TOR表达升高。结论老年小鼠BM-MSCs凋亡增加,自噬活性及旁分泌功能下降。

Impact of Smoking on Anal Abscess and Anal Fistula Diseases

Background：Several studies have investigated the association between smoking and anal abscess and anal fistula （AA/F） diseases.However,the relationship between cigarette smoking and AA/F remains unclear.This study sought to assess the role of smoking in anorectal male patients in a Chinese population.Methods：In this retrospective study,a questionnaire,including smoking history,was completed over a 3-month period by male inpatients in the Proctology Department of China-Japan Friendship Hospital.＂Cases＂ were patients who had AA/F,and ＂controls＂ were patients with other anorectal complaints.Mann-Whitney U-test and Chi-square test were carried out to examine differences in baseline characteristics between groups.Subsequently,multivariate logistic regression was used to explore any related factors.Results：A total of 977 patients aged from 18 to 80 years were included,excluding those diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease or diabetes mellitus.Out of this total,805 patients （82.4％） completed the entire questionnaire.Among the 805 patients,334 （41.5％） were cases and 471 （58.5％） were controls.Results showed significant differences between cases and controls （x2 =205.2,P ＜ 0.001）,with smoking found to be associated with the development of AA/F diseases （odds ratio：12.331,95％ confidence interval：8.364-18.179,P ＜ 0.001）.Conclusions：This study suggested smoking to be a potential risk factor for the development of AA/F diseases in a Chinese population.Consequently,current smoking patients should be informed of this relationship,and further research should be conducted to explore and investigate this further.

活性氧物种在偏钒酸钠对人前列腺癌细胞DU145增殖抑制中的作用(英文)

为研究偏钒酸钠对人前列腺癌细胞DU145的增殖抑制作用及其机制,我们检测了偏钒酸钠对细胞活力、细胞周期、活性氧水平和细胞周期调节蛋白活性的影响。结果显示偏钒酸钠能显著降低调控Cdc2的主要磷酸酯酶Cdc25C的蛋白水平,导致Cdc2 Tyr-15位磷酸化水平升高,引起DU145细胞发生G2/M周期阻滞和增殖活力抑制。而抗氧化剂N-乙酰半胱氨酸能降低偏钒酸钠诱导升高的活性氧水平并能恢复偏钒酸钠导致的Cdc25C蛋白水平降低和Cdc2磷酸化水平(Tyr-15)的升高。这证实偏钒酸钠能导致DU145细胞发生G2/M周期阻滞从而引起细胞增殖活力抑制,且这种抑制可能是通过偏钒酸钠所诱导的活性氧水平升高引起的Cdc25C蛋白降解实现的。

Daily expression of two circadian clock genes in compound eyes of Helicoverpa armigera: evidence for peripheral tissue circadian timing

Circadian clock genes in peripheral tissues usually play an important role in regulating the circadian rhythms. Light is the most important environmental signal for synchronizing endogenous rhythms with the daily light-dark cycle, and compound eyes are known as the principal circadian photoreceptor for photic entrainment in most moths. However, there is little evidence for circadian timing in compound eyes. In the current study, we isolated the timeless gene, designated Ha-tim (GenBank accession number: KM233162), from the cotton bo 11 worm Helicoverpa armigera. Ha-tim and period (Haper) showed low messenger RNA levels in the compound eyes compared to the other tested adult organs. Ha-tim and Ha-per transcript levels were dependent on an endogenous rhythm that fluctuated over a daily cycle in the compound eyes and heads. The cycles of Hatim and Ha-per transcript levels followed similar time courses, and identical expression patterns of the two genes were observed in the compound eyes and heads. Ha-tim and Ha-per were dowregulated in the compound eyes after light exposure, copulation and starvation. These results indicated that Ha-tim and Ha-per transcript levels were regulated by endogenous and exogenous factors. Our study helped to improve our understanding of the circadian clock machinery in compound eyes and other peripheral tissues.

Fringe visibility for two qubits interacting with a macroscopic medium

We study both the two-particle and single-particle fringe visibility in the generalized version of the Nakazato–Pascazio model where two qubits interact with a finite length one-dimensional array.Both the two-particle and single-particle fringe visibilities are investigated with different initial states of the particles spin.For different initial states of the particles spin,the two-particle fringe visibility either decreases or increases over time,and may even decrease first and increase later.Due to the interaction between the particles and the one-dimensional array,the single-particle fringe visibility increases over time when the initial state of the two particles spin is independent.The single-particle fringe visibility is equal to 0 as the two-particle spin is initially in the completely entangled state or in the singlet state.

In-situ monitoring of cell-secreted lactate by electrochemiluminescence sensing under biomimetic microfluidic confinement

Cell migration proceeds in 3D matrices in vivo,which can naturally switch to distinct phenotypes for bet-ter invasion in confined microenvironments.The studies of important metabolites under confinement are extremely meaningful for comprehensive insights into cancer metastasis.The integration of cell confine-ment device and analytical techniques is a key point for in-situ analysis of significant metabolites in vitro.Herein,an electrochemiluminescence(ECL)sensing platform was designed for in-situ monitoring of cell-secreted lactate in highly confined microenvironments.The 3-μm confiner was exactly fabricated via mi-crofabrication and microfluidics technique,and cells in high confinement and low adhesion tended to be round with contractile blebs on cell margins.Significantly,in-situ monitoring of lactate was successfully achieved on the ECL platform with the catalysis of lactate oxidase,in which the levels in different time intervals were acquired in the luminol-hydrogen peroxide system.Furthermore,the results were verified by the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)technology,which showed similar fluctuations with the ECL platform.This system offered an available avenue for metabolites analysis in highly confined microenvironments,which may advance deeper insights into metabolic mechanisms of cancer metastasis.

Monochorionic Triplet Gestation after in Vitro Fertilization

To the Editor： Although multifetal pregnancies are common, monozygotic triplets （MZTs） remain a relatively rare occurrence. MZT gestations present patients and physicians with a dilemma because the continuation of the pregnancy can seriously threaten the health of both the mother and fetuses, while selective fetal reduction carries the risk of losing all the fetuses and is associated with a high risk of obstetric complications, especially prematurity （〉90%）. Here, we present two cases of MZT after in vitro fertilization （IVF）.