Objective: The aerial parts of Scutellaria baicalensis were used as Huangqin Tea for thousands of years and mainly contain flavonoids which contribute to its bioactivities. However, there is no appropriate quality eva...Objective: The aerial parts of Scutellaria baicalensis were used as Huangqin Tea for thousands of years and mainly contain flavonoids which contribute to its bioactivities. However, there is no appropriate quality evaluation method of Huangqin Tea, and three flavanones of isocarthamidin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide,carthamidin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, and isoscutellarein-8-O-β-D-glucuronide with high contents in the aerial parts have never been defined quantitatively. Here, an HPLC-DAD method for simultaneous determination of 15 flavonoids and systematically compared their contents and distribution in the roots,stems, leaves, and flowers of S. baicalensis was established.Methods: Under the HPLC-DAD chromatographic conditions, 77 batches of samples of S. baicalensis were analyzed. Meanwhile, the chromatographic fingerprint of different parts of S. baicalensis was established.Subsequently, principal component analysis(PCA), orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA), and clustering heat map were performed based on the contents of 15 flavonoids in different parts of S. baicalensis.Results: The results showed significant differences in the contents and distributions of 15 flavonoids among the different parts of S. baicalensis. The chemical composition of stems showed some similarities to leaves, and their contents were all lower than leaves. The contents of isocarthamidin-7-O-β–glucuronide [(106.66 66 ± 22.68) mg/g], carthamidin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide [(19.82 ± 11.17) mg/g],and isoscutellarein-8-O-β-D-glucuronide [(3.10 ± 1.73) mg/g] were the highest in leaves. The content of apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and chrysin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide were the highest in flowers. The contents of baicalin, baicalein, wogonoside, wogonin, alpinetin, and oroxylin A were higher in roots than in other parts.Conclusion: The method was fully validated and could be effectively used to characterize the contents and distributions of main flavonoids in the different parts of S. baicalensis. It may lay a foundation to establish the quality evaluation system for Huangqin Tea.展开更多
AIDS is a global pandemic that has seen the development of novel and effective treatments to improve the quality of life of those infected and reduction in the spread of the disease. While great advancements have been...AIDS is a global pandemic that has seen the development of novel and effective treatments to improve the quality of life of those infected and reduction in the spread of the disease. While great advancements have been made in HIV/AIDS therapeutics, there is still no cure or viable vaccine in development. The high rate of HIV-1 mutation contributing to virus immune escape, combined with increase in sexual transmission and the significant clinical therapeutics side effects of the currently available treatments highlights the need for novel therapeutics with broad anti-viral activity against both CXCR4 （X4） and CCR5 （R5）-tropic viruses. In our search for novel modalities against HIV infection, we investigated several aqueous extracts from Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） collection and identified Sargassum fusiforme （S. fusiforme） as a potent inhibitor of HIV infection. Following the Western approach of drug discovery and development, we isolated several bioactive molecules from S. fusiforme and determined their mechanism of action. TCM and Western approaches to disease treatment and drug development have been shown to be complementary to each other. The former provides a rich medicinal history for natural compounds that can have clinical impact on a variety of illnesses, while the latter enables the application of chemical informatics with rational drug design approach coupled to mechanistic underpinnings of such therapeutics. This multistep paradigm is demonstrated in the example of S. fusiforme as a treatment to prevent HIV infection, as described in this review.展开更多
Chinese Pharmacopoeia is updated every five years, of which traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is the most important part. The 2015 version completed by the 10th Pharmacopoeia Commission has come into operation sinc...Chinese Pharmacopoeia is updated every five years, of which traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is the most important part. The 2015 version completed by the 10th Pharmacopoeia Commission has come into operation since December 1, 2015. Here we introduced the revision and improvement of quality evaluation and control standards of TCMs in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015.展开更多
基金the support from the Capital Citizens’ Health Project Cultivation(Z161100000116101)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS 2016-I2M-1-012)
文摘Objective: The aerial parts of Scutellaria baicalensis were used as Huangqin Tea for thousands of years and mainly contain flavonoids which contribute to its bioactivities. However, there is no appropriate quality evaluation method of Huangqin Tea, and three flavanones of isocarthamidin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide,carthamidin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, and isoscutellarein-8-O-β-D-glucuronide with high contents in the aerial parts have never been defined quantitatively. Here, an HPLC-DAD method for simultaneous determination of 15 flavonoids and systematically compared their contents and distribution in the roots,stems, leaves, and flowers of S. baicalensis was established.Methods: Under the HPLC-DAD chromatographic conditions, 77 batches of samples of S. baicalensis were analyzed. Meanwhile, the chromatographic fingerprint of different parts of S. baicalensis was established.Subsequently, principal component analysis(PCA), orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA), and clustering heat map were performed based on the contents of 15 flavonoids in different parts of S. baicalensis.Results: The results showed significant differences in the contents and distributions of 15 flavonoids among the different parts of S. baicalensis. The chemical composition of stems showed some similarities to leaves, and their contents were all lower than leaves. The contents of isocarthamidin-7-O-β–glucuronide [(106.66 66 ± 22.68) mg/g], carthamidin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide [(19.82 ± 11.17) mg/g],and isoscutellarein-8-O-β-D-glucuronide [(3.10 ± 1.73) mg/g] were the highest in leaves. The content of apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and chrysin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide were the highest in flowers. The contents of baicalin, baicalein, wogonoside, wogonin, alpinetin, and oroxylin A were higher in roots than in other parts.Conclusion: The method was fully validated and could be effectively used to characterize the contents and distributions of main flavonoids in the different parts of S. baicalensis. It may lay a foundation to establish the quality evaluation system for Huangqin Tea.
文摘AIDS is a global pandemic that has seen the development of novel and effective treatments to improve the quality of life of those infected and reduction in the spread of the disease. While great advancements have been made in HIV/AIDS therapeutics, there is still no cure or viable vaccine in development. The high rate of HIV-1 mutation contributing to virus immune escape, combined with increase in sexual transmission and the significant clinical therapeutics side effects of the currently available treatments highlights the need for novel therapeutics with broad anti-viral activity against both CXCR4 （X4） and CCR5 （R5）-tropic viruses. In our search for novel modalities against HIV infection, we investigated several aqueous extracts from Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） collection and identified Sargassum fusiforme （S. fusiforme） as a potent inhibitor of HIV infection. Following the Western approach of drug discovery and development, we isolated several bioactive molecules from S. fusiforme and determined their mechanism of action. TCM and Western approaches to disease treatment and drug development have been shown to be complementary to each other. The former provides a rich medicinal history for natural compounds that can have clinical impact on a variety of illnesses, while the latter enables the application of chemical informatics with rational drug design approach coupled to mechanistic underpinnings of such therapeutics. This multistep paradigm is demonstrated in the example of S. fusiforme as a treatment to prevent HIV infection, as described in this review.
文摘Chinese Pharmacopoeia is updated every five years, of which traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is the most important part. The 2015 version completed by the 10th Pharmacopoeia Commission has come into operation since December 1, 2015. Here we introduced the revision and improvement of quality evaluation and control standards of TCMs in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015.
