The fast-paced development of blockchain technology is evident.Yet,the security concerns of smart contracts represent a significant challenge to the stability and dependability of the entire blockchain ecosystem.Conve...The fast-paced development of blockchain technology is evident.Yet,the security concerns of smart contracts represent a significant challenge to the stability and dependability of the entire blockchain ecosystem.Conventional smart contract vulnerability detection primarily relies on static analysis tools,which are less efficient and accurate.Although deep learning methods have improved detection efficiency,they are unable to fully utilize the static relationships within contracts.Therefore,we have adopted the advantages of the above two methods,combining feature extraction mode of tools with deep learning techniques.Firstly,we have constructed corresponding feature extraction mode for different vulnerabilities,which are used to extract feature graphs from the source code of smart contracts.Then,the node features in feature graphs are fed into a graph convolutional neural network for training,and the edge features are processed using a method that combines attentionmechanismwith gated units.Ultimately,the revised node features and edge features are concatenated through amulti-head attentionmechanism.The result of the splicing is a global representation of the entire feature graph.Our method was tested on three types of data:Timestamp vulnerabilities,reentrancy vulnerabilities,and access control vulnerabilities,where the F1 score of our method reaches 84.63%,92.55%,and 61.36%.The results indicate that our method surpasses most others in detecting smart contract vulnerabilities.展开更多
Remote medical diagnosis can be realized by using the Internet,but when transmitting medical images of patients through the Internet,personal information of patients may be leaked.Aim at the security of medical inform...Remote medical diagnosis can be realized by using the Internet,but when transmitting medical images of patients through the Internet,personal information of patients may be leaked.Aim at the security of medical information system and the protection of medical images,a novel robust zero-watermarking based on SIFT-DCT(Scale Invariant Feature Transform-Discrete Cosine Transform)for medical images in the encrypted domain is proposed.Firstly,the original medical image is encrypted in transform domain based on Logistic chaotic sequence to enhance the concealment of original medical images.Then,the SIFT-DCT is used to extract the feature sequences of encrypted medical images.Next,zero-watermarking technology is used to ensure that the region of interest of medical images are not changed.Finally,the robust of the algorithm is evaluated by the correlation coefficient between the original watermark and the attacked watermark.A series of attack experiments are carried out on this method,and the results show that the algorithm is not only secure,but also robust to both traditional and geometric attacks,especially in clipping attacks.展开更多
Background:In the past decades,birdwatching as a hobby developed rapidly and produced ample scientific records that have aided conservation efforts.Therefore,it is increasingly attractive to promote avian research by ...Background:In the past decades,birdwatching as a hobby developed rapidly and produced ample scientific records that have aided conservation efforts.Therefore,it is increasingly attractive to promote avian research by providing data from birdwatching.Methods:We compared records from 16 years of community birdwatching and a 1-year formalized bird monitoring in Suzhou,China to study the similarities and differences between the two monitoring methods.Results:We showed that within the 325 bird species recorded by the two methods,an annual average of 108 species were documented by community science and 223 bird species were recorded by 1-year formalized monitoring.Measured by the number of bird species recorded per survey trip,the bird monitoring activity of community birdwatchers was significantly lower.Furthermore,the monitoring intensity of community birdwatching measured as the average survey trips per site each survey year was also lower than that of formalized bird monitoring.In addition,community birdwatchers preferred urban landscapes to rural areas.Conclusions:Community birdwatching could record the majority of local birds and complements the professional surveys in avian research.Well designed and coordinated community science can be used to expand the knowledge about avian distribution and population dynamics.These findings are critical for the development of conservation science with regard to community involvement.展开更多
The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners.The complex comprises four accelerators:a 3...The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners.The complex comprises four accelerators:a 30 GeV Linac,a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring,a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV,and a Collider operating at varying energy modes(Z,W,H,and tt).The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface,while the subterranean Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel,strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a potential Super Proton Proton Collider(SPPC).The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs factory.In its baseline design with synchrotron radiation(SR)power of 30 MW per beam,it can achieve a luminosity of 5×10^(34)cm^(-2)s^(-1)per interaction point(IP),resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 ab^(-1)for two IPs over a decade,producing 2.6 million Higgs bosons.Increasing the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons,facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels,exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of magnitude.This Technical Design Report(TDR)follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report(Pre-CDR,2015)and the Conceptual Design Report(CDR,2018),comprehensively detailing the machine's layout,performance metrics,physical design and analysis,technical systems design,R&D and prototyping efforts,and associated civil engineering aspects.Additionally,it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline,establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection procedures.Construction is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028,pending government approval,with an estimated duration of 8 years.The commencement of experiments and data collection could potentially be initiated in the mid-2030s.展开更多
Widespread distribution of livestock in the natural habitats of large carnivores may negatively impact carnivore populations by reducing wild prey availability and increasing human–carnivore conflicts.In this study,we...Widespread distribution of livestock in the natural habitats of large carnivores may negatively impact carnivore populations by reducing wild prey availability and increasing human–carnivore conflicts.In this study,we used camera-trapping data collected in the temperate forests of the Taihang Mountains in North China during 2016–2019 to examine whether and how free-ranging cattle affected habitat use and Diel activity patterns of the endangered North Chinese leopard(Panthera pardus japonensis)and its 2 wild prey species,Siberian roe deer(Capreolus pygargus),and wild boar(Sus scrofa).Residents were also interviewed to record livestock depredation events by leopards during 2015–2019.We found that roe deer spatially avoided sites frequented by cattle,but wild boar did not.In the growing seasons,leopards shared habitats with cattle and tended to increase their diurnal activities where cattle were present.All 3 study species exhibitedfine-scale spatial-temporal segregation to cattle.Leopards selectively preyed on calves over adult cattle and livestock depredation frequency was positively correlated with the detection rates of cattle and wild prey,but not that of leopard.Thesefindings not only show that through behavioral adaption large carnivores and their ungulate prey may persist under livestock disturbance,but also highlight how important proper livestock management is for conserving North Chinese leopards in this region.To enhance livestock management and mitigate human–leopard conflicts,we recommend specific actions,such as better guarding of free-ranging cattle or adoption of a captive farming system.展开更多
In this paper,we define a relative equivariant coarse index for proper actions and a relative L^(2)-index.We derive a relative equivariant coarse index theorem connecting the relative equivariant coarse index with the...In this paper,we define a relative equivariant coarse index for proper actions and a relative L^(2)-index.We derive a relative equivariant coarse index theorem connecting the relative equivariant coarse index with the localized equivariant coarse index.Furthermore,we present a calculation formula on the relative L^(2)-index and provide a relative L^(2)-index theorem.Our work is an expansion of the relative index theory which reflects the difference between two manifolds.展开更多
【目的】通过解析拟茎点霉属XP-8的基因组序列信息,揭示该菌株潜在的代谢途径,并分析松脂醇及其糖苷化合物等次级代谢产物生物合成相关的关键基因。【方法】使用Illumina Hi Seq 2500高通量测序平台对拟茎点霉XP-8菌株进行全基因组测序...【目的】通过解析拟茎点霉属XP-8的基因组序列信息,揭示该菌株潜在的代谢途径,并分析松脂醇及其糖苷化合物等次级代谢产物生物合成相关的关键基因。【方法】使用Illumina Hi Seq 2500高通量测序平台对拟茎点霉XP-8菌株进行全基因组测序,并通过不同软件对测序数据进行序列拼接,基因预测与功能注释。【结果】组装后的拟茎点霉XP-8基因组大小为55.2 Mb,GC含量53.5%,含有17094个蛋白编码基因和310个非编码基因。获得了松脂醇及其糖苷化合物等次级代谢产物生物合成相关的基因。系统发育分析揭示出拟茎点霉XP-8与5种子囊菌共有12635个同源基因和5626个基因家族。【结论】拟茎点霉XP-8具有用于合成松脂醇及其糖苷化合物等多种次级代谢物的基因组基础,为下一步的代谢工程改造提供依据。展开更多
Target of rapamycin(TOR)is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase that functions as a central signaling hub to integrate diverse internal and external cues to precisely orchestrate cellular and organismal physiolo...Target of rapamycin(TOR)is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase that functions as a central signaling hub to integrate diverse internal and external cues to precisely orchestrate cellular and organismal physiology.During evolution,TOR both maintains the highly conserved TOR complex compositions,and cellular and molecular functions,but also evolves distinctive roles and strategies to modulate cell growth,proliferation,metabolism,survival,and stress responses in eukaryotes.Here,we review recent discoveries on the plant TOR signaling network.We present an overview of plant TOR complexes,analyze the signaling landscape of the plant TOR signaling network from the upstream signals that regulate plant TOR activation to the downstream effectors involved in various biological processes,and compare their conservation and specificities within different biological contexts.Finally,we summarize the impact of dysregulation of TOR signaling on every stage of plant growth and development,from embryogenesis and seedling growth,to flowering and senescence.展开更多
Dermal injury,including trauma,surgical incisions,and burns,remain the most prevalent socio-economical health care issue in the clinic.Nanomedicine represents a reliable administration strategy that can promote the he...Dermal injury,including trauma,surgical incisions,and burns,remain the most prevalent socio-economical health care issue in the clinic.Nanomedicine represents a reliable administration strategy that can promote the healing of skin lesions,but the lack of effective drug delivery methods can limit its effectiveness.In this study,we developed a novel nano-drug delivery system to treat skin defects through spraying.We prepared curcumin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles modified with epidermal growth factor(EGF)to develop an aqueous EGF-modified spray(EGF@CCN)for the treatment of dermal wounds.In vitro assays showed that the EGF@CCN displayed low cytotoxicity,and that curcumin was continuously and slowly released from the EGF@CCN.In vivo efficacy on wound healing was then evaluated using full-thickness dermal defect models in Wistar rats,showing that the EGF@CCN had significant advantages in promoting wound healing.On day 12 post-operation,skin defects in the rats of the EGF@CCN group were almost completely restored.These effects were related to the activity of curcumin and EGF on skin healing,and the high compatibility of the nano formulation.We therefore conclude that the prepared nano-scaled EGF@CCN spray represents a promising strategy for the treatment of dermal wounds.展开更多
Toward Lions’ open question in Lions(1996) concerning the propagation of regularity for density patch, we prove that the boundary regularity of the 3-D density patch persists by time evolution for inhomogeneous incom...Toward Lions’ open question in Lions(1996) concerning the propagation of regularity for density patch, we prove that the boundary regularity of the 3-D density patch persists by time evolution for inhomogeneous incompressible viscous flows, with the initial density given by(1-η)1?0+ 1?0c for some small enough constant η and some Wk+2p,domain ?0, p ∈]3, ∞[, and with the initial velocity satisfying some smallness condition and appropriate conormal regularities.展开更多
基金the Gansu Province Higher Education Institutions Industrial Support Program:Security Situational Awareness with Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain Technology.Project Number(2020C-29).
文摘The fast-paced development of blockchain technology is evident.Yet,the security concerns of smart contracts represent a significant challenge to the stability and dependability of the entire blockchain ecosystem.Conventional smart contract vulnerability detection primarily relies on static analysis tools,which are less efficient and accurate.Although deep learning methods have improved detection efficiency,they are unable to fully utilize the static relationships within contracts.Therefore,we have adopted the advantages of the above two methods,combining feature extraction mode of tools with deep learning techniques.Firstly,we have constructed corresponding feature extraction mode for different vulnerabilities,which are used to extract feature graphs from the source code of smart contracts.Then,the node features in feature graphs are fed into a graph convolutional neural network for training,and the edge features are processed using a method that combines attentionmechanismwith gated units.Ultimately,the revised node features and edge features are concatenated through amulti-head attentionmechanism.The result of the splicing is a global representation of the entire feature graph.Our method was tested on three types of data:Timestamp vulnerabilities,reentrancy vulnerabilities,and access control vulnerabilities,where the F1 score of our method reaches 84.63%,92.55%,and 61.36%.The results indicate that our method surpasses most others in detecting smart contract vulnerabilities.
基金This work is supported by the Key Reach Project of Hainan Province[ZDYF2018129]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[61762033]+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of Hainan[2018CXTD333]the Key Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Hainan University[Hdcxcyxm201711]the Higher Education Research Project of Hainan Province(Hnky2019-73)the Key Research Project of Haikou College of Economics[HJKZ18-01].
文摘Remote medical diagnosis can be realized by using the Internet,but when transmitting medical images of patients through the Internet,personal information of patients may be leaked.Aim at the security of medical information system and the protection of medical images,a novel robust zero-watermarking based on SIFT-DCT(Scale Invariant Feature Transform-Discrete Cosine Transform)for medical images in the encrypted domain is proposed.Firstly,the original medical image is encrypted in transform domain based on Logistic chaotic sequence to enhance the concealment of original medical images.Then,the SIFT-DCT is used to extract the feature sequences of encrypted medical images.Next,zero-watermarking technology is used to ensure that the region of interest of medical images are not changed.Finally,the robust of the algorithm is evaluated by the correlation coefficient between the original watermark and the attacked watermark.A series of attack experiments are carried out on this method,and the results show that the algorithm is not only secure,but also robust to both traditional and geometric attacks,especially in clipping attacks.
基金supported by Social Development Research Program of Jiangsu Province Science and Technology department(No.BE2019773)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)。
文摘Background:In the past decades,birdwatching as a hobby developed rapidly and produced ample scientific records that have aided conservation efforts.Therefore,it is increasingly attractive to promote avian research by providing data from birdwatching.Methods:We compared records from 16 years of community birdwatching and a 1-year formalized bird monitoring in Suzhou,China to study the similarities and differences between the two monitoring methods.Results:We showed that within the 325 bird species recorded by the two methods,an annual average of 108 species were documented by community science and 223 bird species were recorded by 1-year formalized monitoring.Measured by the number of bird species recorded per survey trip,the bird monitoring activity of community birdwatchers was significantly lower.Furthermore,the monitoring intensity of community birdwatching measured as the average survey trips per site each survey year was also lower than that of formalized bird monitoring.In addition,community birdwatchers preferred urban landscapes to rural areas.Conclusions:Community birdwatching could record the majority of local birds and complements the professional surveys in avian research.Well designed and coordinated community science can be used to expand the knowledge about avian distribution and population dynamics.These findings are critical for the development of conservation science with regard to community involvement.
基金support from diverse funding sources,including the National Key Program for S&T Research and Development of the Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST),Yifang Wang's Science Studio of the Ten Thousand Talents Project,the CAS Key Foreign Cooperation Grant,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission,the CAS Focused Science Grant,the IHEP Innovation Grant,the CAS Lead Special Training Programthe CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics,the CAS International Partnership Program,and the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams.
文摘The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners.The complex comprises four accelerators:a 30 GeV Linac,a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring,a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV,and a Collider operating at varying energy modes(Z,W,H,and tt).The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface,while the subterranean Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel,strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a potential Super Proton Proton Collider(SPPC).The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs factory.In its baseline design with synchrotron radiation(SR)power of 30 MW per beam,it can achieve a luminosity of 5×10^(34)cm^(-2)s^(-1)per interaction point(IP),resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 ab^(-1)for two IPs over a decade,producing 2.6 million Higgs bosons.Increasing the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons,facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels,exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of magnitude.This Technical Design Report(TDR)follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report(Pre-CDR,2015)and the Conceptual Design Report(CDR,2018),comprehensively detailing the machine's layout,performance metrics,physical design and analysis,technical systems design,R&D and prototyping efforts,and associated civil engineering aspects.Additionally,it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline,establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection procedures.Construction is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028,pending government approval,with an estimated duration of 8 years.The commencement of experiments and data collection could potentially be initiated in the mid-2030s.
文摘Widespread distribution of livestock in the natural habitats of large carnivores may negatively impact carnivore populations by reducing wild prey availability and increasing human–carnivore conflicts.In this study,we used camera-trapping data collected in the temperate forests of the Taihang Mountains in North China during 2016–2019 to examine whether and how free-ranging cattle affected habitat use and Diel activity patterns of the endangered North Chinese leopard(Panthera pardus japonensis)and its 2 wild prey species,Siberian roe deer(Capreolus pygargus),and wild boar(Sus scrofa).Residents were also interviewed to record livestock depredation events by leopards during 2015–2019.We found that roe deer spatially avoided sites frequented by cattle,but wild boar did not.In the growing seasons,leopards shared habitats with cattle and tended to increase their diurnal activities where cattle were present.All 3 study species exhibitedfine-scale spatial-temporal segregation to cattle.Leopards selectively preyed on calves over adult cattle and livestock depredation frequency was positively correlated with the detection rates of cattle and wild prey,but not that of leopard.Thesefindings not only show that through behavioral adaption large carnivores and their ungulate prey may persist under livestock disturbance,but also highlight how important proper livestock management is for conserving North Chinese leopards in this region.To enhance livestock management and mitigate human–leopard conflicts,we recommend specific actions,such as better guarding of free-ranging cattle or adoption of a captive farming system.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11771092,11831006,11771143 and 11801178)。
文摘In this paper,we define a relative equivariant coarse index for proper actions and a relative L^(2)-index.We derive a relative equivariant coarse index theorem connecting the relative equivariant coarse index with the localized equivariant coarse index.Furthermore,we present a calculation formula on the relative L^(2)-index and provide a relative L^(2)-index theorem.Our work is an expansion of the relative index theory which reflects the difference between two manifolds.
文摘【目的】通过解析拟茎点霉属XP-8的基因组序列信息,揭示该菌株潜在的代谢途径,并分析松脂醇及其糖苷化合物等次级代谢产物生物合成相关的关键基因。【方法】使用Illumina Hi Seq 2500高通量测序平台对拟茎点霉XP-8菌株进行全基因组测序,并通过不同软件对测序数据进行序列拼接,基因预测与功能注释。【结果】组装后的拟茎点霉XP-8基因组大小为55.2 Mb,GC含量53.5%,含有17094个蛋白编码基因和310个非编码基因。获得了松脂醇及其糖苷化合物等次级代谢产物生物合成相关的基因。系统发育分析揭示出拟茎点霉XP-8与5种子囊菌共有12635个同源基因和5626个基因家族。【结论】拟茎点霉XP-8具有用于合成松脂醇及其糖苷化合物等多种次级代谢物的基因组基础,为下一步的代谢工程改造提供依据。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870269 to Y.X.,31800199 and 32170273 to Y.L.)the funding from Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(Y.X.)。
文摘Target of rapamycin(TOR)is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase that functions as a central signaling hub to integrate diverse internal and external cues to precisely orchestrate cellular and organismal physiology.During evolution,TOR both maintains the highly conserved TOR complex compositions,and cellular and molecular functions,but also evolves distinctive roles and strategies to modulate cell growth,proliferation,metabolism,survival,and stress responses in eukaryotes.Here,we review recent discoveries on the plant TOR signaling network.We present an overview of plant TOR complexes,analyze the signaling landscape of the plant TOR signaling network from the upstream signals that regulate plant TOR activation to the downstream effectors involved in various biological processes,and compare their conservation and specificities within different biological contexts.Finally,we summarize the impact of dysregulation of TOR signaling on every stage of plant growth and development,from embryogenesis and seedling growth,to flowering and senescence.
基金This work was supported by the Project Program of the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2020YJ0385)the Union Project of Luzhou Municipal People’s Government-Southwest Medical University(2018LZXNYD-ZK06,2019LZXNYDJ46)the Projects of Sichuan Medical Association(Q17080).
文摘Dermal injury,including trauma,surgical incisions,and burns,remain the most prevalent socio-economical health care issue in the clinic.Nanomedicine represents a reliable administration strategy that can promote the healing of skin lesions,but the lack of effective drug delivery methods can limit its effectiveness.In this study,we developed a novel nano-drug delivery system to treat skin defects through spraying.We prepared curcumin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles modified with epidermal growth factor(EGF)to develop an aqueous EGF-modified spray(EGF@CCN)for the treatment of dermal wounds.In vitro assays showed that the EGF@CCN displayed low cytotoxicity,and that curcumin was continuously and slowly released from the EGF@CCN.In vivo efficacy on wound healing was then evaluated using full-thickness dermal defect models in Wistar rats,showing that the EGF@CCN had significant advantages in promoting wound healing.On day 12 post-operation,skin defects in the rats of the EGF@CCN group were almost completely restored.These effects were related to the activity of curcumin and EGF on skin healing,and the high compatibility of the nano formulation.We therefore conclude that the prepared nano-scaled EGF@CCN spray represents a promising strategy for the treatment of dermal wounds.
基金supported by Collaborative Research Centre 1060,University of Bonn
文摘Toward Lions’ open question in Lions(1996) concerning the propagation of regularity for density patch, we prove that the boundary regularity of the 3-D density patch persists by time evolution for inhomogeneous incompressible viscous flows, with the initial density given by(1-η)1?0+ 1?0c for some small enough constant η and some Wk+2p,domain ?0, p ∈]3, ∞[, and with the initial velocity satisfying some smallness condition and appropriate conormal regularities.
