Effects of artificially cultivated biological soil crusts on soil nutrients and biological activities in the Loess Plateau

Biological soil crusts （BSCs） play an important role in the early succession of vegetation restoration in the Loess Plateau, China. To evaluate the effects of artificially cultivated BSCs on the soil surface micro-envir- onment, we obtained natural moss crusts and moss-lichen crusts from the Loess Plateau of Shaanxi province, and subsequently inoculated and cultivated on horizontal and sloping surfaces of loess soil in a greenhouse. The chemical and biological properties of the subsoil under cultivated BSCs were determined after 10 weeks of cul- tivation. The results indicated that BSCs coverage was more than 65% after 10 weeks of cultivation. Moss crust coverage reached 40% after 5 weeks of cultivation. Compared with the control, soil organic matter and available nitrogen contents in moss crust with the horizontal treatments increased by 100.87% and 48.23%, respectively; increased by 67.56% and 52.17% with the sloping treatments, respectively; they also increased in moss-lichen crust with horizontal and sloping treatments, but there was no significant difference. Available phosphorus in cultivated BSCs was reduced, soil pH was lower and cationic exchange capacity was higher in cultivated BSCs than in the control. Alkaline phosphatase, urease and invertase activities were increased in artificially cultivated BSCs, and alkaline phosphatase activity in all cultivated BSCs was obviously higher than that in the control. Numbers of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes were increased in the formation process of cultivated BSCs. These results indicate that BSCs could be formed rapidly in short-term cultivation and improve the mi- cro-environment of soil surface, which provides a scientific reference for vegetation restoration and ecological reconstruction in the Loess Plateau. China.

Effects of microtopography on spatial point pattern of forest stands on the semi-arid Loess Plateau,China

Microtopography may affect the distribution of forests through its effect on rain redistribution and soil water distribution on the semi-arid Loess Plateau,China.In this study,we investigated the characteristics of microtopography on two shady slopes（slope A,5 hm2,uniform slope;slope B,5 hm2,microtopography slope） and surveyed the height,the diameter at breast height and the location（x,y coordinates） of all selected individual trees（Robinia pseudoacacia Linn.,Pyrus betulifolia Bunge,Populus hopeiensis Hu ＆ Chow,Armeniaca sibirica Lam.,Populus simonii Carr.and Ulmus pumila Linn.） on slope A and slope B in the watersheds of Wuqi county,Shaanxi province.Subsequently,the effects of microtopography on the spatial pattern of forest stands were analyzed using Ripley＇s K（r） function.The results showed that：（1） The maximal aggregation radiuses of the tree species on the uniform slope（slope A） were larger than 40 m,whereas those of the tree species on the microtopography slope（slope B） were smaller than 30 m.（2） On slope B,the spatial association of R.pseudoacacia with P.betulifolia,A.sibirica,P.simonii and U.pumila varied from being strongly negative to positive at microtopography scales.The spatial association of Populus hopeiensis Hu ＆ Chow with U.pumila also varied from being strongly negative to positive at microtopography scales.However,there was no spatial association between P.betulifolia and P.hopeiensis,P.betulifolia and A.sibirica,P.betulifolia and P.simonii,P.betulifolia and U.pumila,P.hopeiensis and A.sibirica,P.hopeiensis and P.simonii,A.sibirica and P.simonii,A.sibirica and U.pumila,and P.simonii and U.pumila.On slope A,the spatial association between tree species were strongly negative.The results suggest that microtopography may shape tree distribution patterns on the semi-arid Loess Plateau.

Analysis of brain-stem auditory evoked potential and visual evoked potential in patients with Parkinson disease

BACKGROUND： With the development of neuroelectrophysiology, it had been identified that all kinds of evoked potentials might reflect the functional status of corresponding pathway. Evoked potentials recruited in the research of PD, it can be known whether other functional pathway of nervous system is impaired. OBJECTIVE： To observe whether brainstem auditory and visual passageway are impaired in patients with Parkinson disease （PD）, and compare with non-PD patients concurrently. DESIGN ： A non-randomized concurrent controlled observation. SETTINGS： Henan Provincial Tumor Hospital; Anyang District Hospital.PARTICIPANTS： Thirty-two cases of PD outpatients and inpatients, who registered in the Department of Neurology, Anyang District Hospital from October 1997 to February 2006, were enrolled as the PD group, including 20 males and 12 females, aged 50-72 years old. Inclusive criteria： In accordance with the diagnostic criteria of PD recommended by the dyskinesia and PD group of neurology branch of Chinese Medical Association. Patients with diseases that could cause Parkinson syndrome were excluded by CT scanning or MRI examination. Meanwhile, 30 cases with non-neurological disease were selected from the Department of Internal Medicine of our hospital as the control group, including 19 males and 11 females, aged 45-70 years old. Including criteria： Without history of neurological disease or psychiatric disease; showing normal image on CT. And PD, Parkinson syndrome and Parkinsonism-plus were excluded by professional neurologist. All the patients were informed and agreed with the examination and clinical observation.METHODS： The electrophysiological examination and clinical observation of the PD patients and controls were conducted. The Reporter type 4-channel evoked potential machine （Italy） was used to check brain-stem auditory evoked potential （BAEP） and visual evoked potential （VEP）. Why to be examined was explained to test taker. BAEP recording electrode was placed at Cz, while the reference one placed at ipsilateral ear lobe, according to international standard 10-20 system. The short sound was used to stimulate the target ear with the interval of 0.1 ms, the frequency of which was 9.9 Hz, intensity was 110 db, superposition was 2 048 times while the opposite one screened noisily, then repeated for twice or more in the same way. The latencies of waves Ⅰ - Ⅴ, and the intervals of waves Ⅰ - Ⅴ, Ⅰ -Ⅲ, Ⅲ - Ⅴ were measured. The purpose of the detection should be explained to the patients in advance. VEP recording electrode was placed at the point 5 cm above occipital tuberosity and 5 cm beside the line connecting the previous point and the preauricula point on either side, while the reference electrode placed at Fz. The whole visual chessboard-grid stimulation was used, superposition of which was 250 times, then repeated for twice or more in the same way. The results of BAEP and VEP detections were observed in the two groups.The differences of the measurement data were compared with the t test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： ① Indexes of BAEP analysis：peak latencies （PL） of waves Ⅰ , Ⅲ and Ⅴ, and the inter-peak latencies （IPL） of waves Ⅰ -Ⅴ, Ⅰ -Ⅲ, Ⅲ-Ⅴ. ② The indexes of VEP analysis： P100 PL and the abnormal rate of P100 amplitude.RESULTS： All the 32 PD patients and 30 patients with non-neurological diseases were involved in the analysis of results. ① BAEP： The wave Ⅲ PL and wave Ⅴ PL of the PD patients were obviously different from those in the control group [（3.87±0.30）, （5.79±0.3）ms; （3.56±0.22）, （5.48±0.26）ms, t =5.83, 5.85, P 〈 0.01]. The abnormal rate of the PD patients was 50%, including that of wave Ⅲ PL and wave V PL was 22% and 19% respectively. ② VEP： The P100 PL of the PD patients was obviously different from that in the control group [（105.17±12.42）, （98.62±9.46） ms, t =2.49, P 〈 0.05]. The P100 PL was abnormal in 10 cases （31%）, and P100 wave amplitude was abnormal in 14 cases （44%）. CONCLUSION ： ① VEP and BAEP abnormalities do occur and brainstem auditory and visual pathway are impaired. ② Besides extracorticospinal tract, the sensory system is also involved in PD patients. ③ BAEP and VEP can be taken as the objective indicators for the clinical evaluation of PD.

Insights from TARGET-seq:Inflammation drives TP53-mediated clonal evolution

Approximately 10%–20%myeloproliferative neoplasms(MPNs)can progress into blast-phase MPNs,also termed secondary acute myeloid leukemias(sAMLs),presenting dismal prognoses.sAML exhibits a distinctive clinical and pathological profile compared to de novo AML,marked by a higher incidence of erythroid leukemias and reduced responsive to conventional chemotherapies,resulting in a median survival of approximately 6 months.TP53 alterations are prevalent adverse events in leukemic transformation(LT),occurring in around one-third of sAML subjects.

ANISOTROPIC EQ^(ROT)_(1) FINITE ELEMENT APPROXIMATION FOR A MULTI-TERM TIME-FRACTIONAL MIXED SUB-DIFFUSION AND DIFFUSION-WAVE EQUATION

By employing EQ^(ROT)_(1) nonconforming finite element,the numerical approximation is presented for multi-term time-fractional mixed sub-diffusion and diffusion-wave equation on anisotropic meshes.Comparing with the multi-term time-fractional sub-diffusion equation or diffusion-wave equation,the mixed case contains a special time-space coupled derivative,which leads to many difficulties in numerical analysis.Firstly,a fully discrete scheme is established by using nonconforming finite element method(FEM)in spatial direction and L1 approximation coupled with Crank-Nicolson(L1-CN)scheme in temporal direction.Furthermore,the fully discrete scheme is proved to be unconditional stable.Besides,convergence and superclose results are derived by using the properties of EQ^(ROT)_(1) nonconforming finite element.What's more,the global superconvergence is obtained via the interpolation postprocessing technique.Finally,several numerical results are provided to demonstrate the theoretical analysis on anisotropic meshes.

Nonconforming Mixed FEM Analysis for Multi-Term Time-Fractional Mixed Sub-Diffusion and Diffusion-Wave Equation with Time-Space Coupled Derivative

The main contents of this paper are to establish a finite element fully-discrete approximate scheme for multi-term time-fractional mixed sub-diffusion and diffusionwave equation with spatial variable coefficient,which contains a time-space coupled derivative.The nonconforming EQ^(rot)_(1)element and Raviart-Thomas element are employed for spatial discretization,and L1 time-stepping method combined with the Crank-Nicolson scheme are applied for temporal discretization.Firstly,based on some significant lemmas,the unconditional stability analysis of the fully-discrete scheme is acquired.With the assistance of the interpolation operator I_(h)and projection operator Rh,superclose and convergence results of the variable u in H^(1)-norm and the flux~p=k_(5)(x)ru(x,t)in L^(2)-norm are obtained,respectively.Furthermore,the global superconvergence results are derived by applying the interpolation postprocessing technique.Finally,the availability and accuracy of the theoretical analysis are corroborated by experimental results of numerical examples on anisotropic meshes.

Two-Dimension(2D) Cu-MOFs/aptamer Nanoprobe for In Situ ATP Imaging in Living Cells

Monitoring the intracellular adenosine triphosphate(ATP)level is vital for elaborating its function in physiological states.However,the intracellular fluorescence sensing of ATP using ATP aptamer remains difficult owing to non-target displacement and susceptibility toward enzymatic degradation.Herein,by combining 2D Cu-MOF nanosheets and FAM labelled ATP aptamer,we developed a fluorescent Cu-MOFs/aptamer nanoprobe to image and sense intracellular ATP.This nanoprobe reveals a very low fluorescence intensity because of the excellent quenching efficiency of 2D Cu-MOF nanosheets.The presence of ATP was capable to dissociate the FAM-aptamer from Cu-MOF nanosheets and resulted in an intense fluorescence signal.The Cu-MOFs/aptamer nanoprobe enables highly sensitive and selective measurement of ATP level ranging from 10μM to 800μM with a detection limit of 4.24μM.This nanosystem also further realized in situ detection of the undulation of ATP trigged by drug stimulation,depending on the selective delivery of the nanoprobe and attractive capability of resisting nonspecific displacement.The constructed nanoprobe may supply a potential platform in clinical diagnostics and biological studies.

Successful treatment of refractory pure red cell aplasia with eltrombopag after ABO-incompatible allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Pure red cell aplasia(PRCA) is a well-recognized complication of ABO major mismatched allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT), with a reported incidence of 10% – 20%(Zhidong et al., 2012;Busca et al., 2018). It is clinically characterized by anemia, reticulocytopenia,and the absence of erythroblasts in a normal-appearing bone marrow biopsy(Shahan and Hildebrandt, 2015).The mechanism for PRCA has been presumed to be persistence of recipient isoagglutinins, produced by residual host B lymphocytes or plasma cells。

Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of medicinal plants from Rosa genus

The genus Rosa(Rosaceae family)includes about 200 species spread in the world,and this genus shows unique advantages in medicine and food.To date,several scholars concentrated on compounds belonging to flavonoids,triterpenes,tannins,polysaccharide,phenolic acids,fatty acids,organic acids,carotenoids,and vitamins.Pharmacological effects such as antineoplastic and anti-cancer properties,antiinflammatory,antioxidant,liver protection,regulate blood sugar,antimicrobial activity,antiviral activity,as well as nervous system protection and cardiovascular protection were wildly reported.This article reviews the chemical constituents,pharmacological effects,applications and safety evaluations of Rosa plants,which provides a reference for the comprehensive utilization of medicine and food resources and gives a scientific basis for the development of medicinal plants of the genus Rosa.