Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of Rosa rugosa β-1,3-Glucanase Gene (RrGlu)

In order to reveal which role the callose played in R. rugosa pollination incompatibility, the full-length cDNA sequence of β-1,3-glucanase gene was cloned for the first time from the stylus of Rosa rugosa “Tanghong” with RT-PCR and RACE methods and named as RrGlu. The full-length cDNA is 1380 bp with an open reading frame of 1041 bp, encoding 346 amino acids. The derived protein has a molecular weight of 37.85 kD, a calculated pI of 9.12, a pfam00332 conserved domain at position 36 - 345, and belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family 17. The derived protein is a hydrophilic protein secreted into the vacuole. There is a signal peptide cleavage site at position 34 - 35, a transmembrane domain at position 13 - 32, six Ser phosphorylation sites, three Thr phosphorylation sites, three Tyr phosphorylation sites, one N-glycosylation site, and five O-glycosylation sites. There are 31.50% α-helixes, 30.92% random coil, 25.14% extended peptide chain, and 12.43% β-corner structure. This protein and the Glu protein from eight other species, including Prunus persica, share a sequence homology of greater than 72%;all of the proteins contain a pfam00332 conserved domain and a β-1,3-glucanase active center sequence (LIVM)-X-(LIVMFYW)3-(STAG)-E-(ST)-G-W-P-(ST)-X-G. Furthermore, their phylogenetic relationships are consistent with their traditional classifications. These results were meaningful to reveal the molecular mechanism of R. rugosa pollination incompatibility and improve the theory and techniques of breeding ornamental R. rugosa.

数字人文视域下戏曲档案资源开发路径探析

在戏曲文化记忆加速"流失"的现实背景下,数字人文为戏曲档案资源的深入开发提供了新的发展契机。本文基于数字人文理念,以"京剧名家档案故事化手游开发"项目为例,探析数字人文视域下"数据采集与关联—数据故事化呈现"的戏曲档案资源开发路径,以期为数字时代戏曲档案资源的开发利用提供参考,促进戏曲文化记忆的延续与传承。

Expression Vector Construction and Genetic Transformation of <i>Rosa rugosa β</i>-l,3-Glucanase Gene (<i>RrGlu</i>)

In order to lay a foundation for researching the function of Rosa rugose (R. rugosa) RrGlu gene, the RrGlu gene was amplified from the styles of R. rugosa “Tanghong”, a gene expression vector named PBI121-RrGlu was constructed and the vector was introduced into tobacco with the agrobacterium-mediated method. PCR results showed that the RrGlu gene was integrated into the tobacco genome.

The desumoylating enzyme sentrin-specific protease 3 contributes to myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury

Sentrin-specific protease 3（SENP3）, a member of the desumoylating enzyme family, is known as a redox sensor and could regulate multiple cellular signaling pathways. However, its implication in myocardial ischemia reperfusion（MIR） injury is unclear. Here, we observed that SENP3 was expressed and upregulated in the mouse heart depending on reactive oxygen species（ROS） production in response to MIR injury. By utilizing si RNA-mediated cardiac specific gene silencing, SENP3 knockdown was demonstrated to significantly reduce MIR-induced infarct size and improve cardiac function. Mechanistic studies indicated that SENP3 silencing ameliorated myocardial apoptosis mainly via suppression of endoplasmic reticulum（ER） stress and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathways. By contrast, adenovirusmediated cardiac SENP3 overexpression significantly exaggerated MIR injury. Further molecular analysis revealed that SENP3 promoted mitochondrial translocation of dynamin-related protein 1（Drp1） in reperfused myocardium. In addition, mitochondrial division inhibitor-1（Mdivi-1）, a pharmacological inhibitor of Drp1, significantly attenuated the exaggerated mitochondrial abnormality and cardiac injury by SENP3 overexpression after MIR injury. Taken together, we provide the first direct evidence that SENP3 upregulation pivotally contributes to MIR injury in a Drp1-dependent manner, and suggest that SENP3 suppression may hold therapeutic promise for constraining MIR injury.

Strategies for generating mouse model resources of human disease

The number of genetically modified mouse models that mimic human disease is growing rapidly,but only a tiny fraction has been commonly used.According to The Knockout Mouse Program(Lloyd,2011),a public resource of mouse embryonic stem cells containing a null mutation in every gene in the mouse genome,8,916 mutant mice lines were phenotyped up to 19 July 2022.Due to the poor correlation between the genomic responses in the mouse models and those responses in human disease,and since humans differ significantly in their genetic vulnerability to common diseases,we still need better mouse models,especially for common and chronic human diseases,including cancer,pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases,obesity and diabetes,behavioral disorders,and neurodegenerative diseases.These new models will be placed into a public repository,The China National Human Disease Animal Model Resource Center(NAMR).This project is funded by Ministry of Science and Technology of China and specializes in the creation,introduction,collection,preservation,and supply of animal model resources forhuman diseases.

Exosome-based drug delivery systems in cancer therapy

Exosome, which is a kind of extracellular vesicles with size around 40-160 nm, plays an important role in cell-to-cell communication in multiple diseases. Especially in tumor microenvironment, exosomes are the important pathway to transit proteins, nucleic acids and small molecules between different kinds of cells. Based on these characteristics, exosomes are served as both therapeutic agents and drug delivery systems in cancer therapy. In this review, the applications of exosomes as drug delivery systems in cancer therapy were summarized and classified according to the cell source of the exosomes, including normal cells, immune cells and tumor cells. Different modifications of exosomes and drug loading methods were presented. Finally, some challenges that hindered the clinical translation of exosomes were also discussed.

珊瑚病原菌株XSBZ03和XSBZ14双重PCR检测方法的建立

【目的】建立珊瑚病原菌株XSBZ03和XSBZ14的双重PCR检测方法。【方法】以XSBZ03和XSBZ14的特异靶序列为对象,开展引物设计和双重PCR检测方法的构建,并确定该双重PCR方法的特异性、敏感性及可靠性。【结果】该检测方法可特异识别菌株XSBZ03和XSBZ14,对XSBZ03和XSBZ14基因组DNA样品的检测极限分别为1.7 pg/pL和2.0 pg/yL;对XSBZ03和XSBZ14在海水样品中的检测极限分别为6xl03CFU/mL和8xl03CFU/mLo【结论】该方法具有特异性强、灵敏度高等优点,可对由菌株XSBZ03和XSBZ14引起的珊瑚疾病进行准确快速的诊断,为今后开展珊瑚疾病防控和无特定病原的珊瑚移植提供了可靠手段。

Effect of cooling rates on the dendritic morphology transition of Mg–6Gd alloy by in situ X-ray radiography

The effect of cooling rate on the transition of dendrite morphology of a Mg-6Gd （wt%） alloy was semiquantitatively analyzed under a constant temperature gradient by using synchrotron X-ray radiographic technique. Results show that equiaxed dendrites, including exotic ＇butterfly-shaped＇ dendrite morphology, dominate at high cooling rate （〉1 K/s）. When the cooling rate decreases in the range of 0.5-1 K/s, the equiaxed-to-columnar transition takes place, and solute segregates at the center of two long dendrite arms （LDA） of the ＇butterfly-shaped＇ dendrite. When the cooling rate is lower than 0.3 K/s, directional solidification occurs and the columnar dendritic growth direction gradually rotates from the crystalline axis to the thermal gradient direction with an increase in cooling rate. Meanwhile, interface moves faster but the dendrite arm spacing decreases. Floating, collision and rotation of dendrites under convection were also studied in this work.2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The editorial office of Journal of Materials Science ＆ Technology.

Grain nucleation and growth behavior of a Sn-Pb alloy affected by direct current： An in situ investigation

In situ synchrotron X-ray radiography was used to study the effect of direct current（DC） on the grain nucleation and growth of Sn-50 wt.%Pb alloy. The results showed that applying DC adequately during solidification could effectively enhance the grain nucleation and inhibit its growth. Imaging of comparative experiments with varying DC intensity indicated that the final grain size, determined by the competition between grain nucleation and growth, was sensitively dependent on the DC intensity. It was found that the average grain size was decreased from 1632 to 567 μm with DC density of 1.5 A/mm^2 compared to the case without DC. Beyond this value, raising the current density may cause a significant decrease in the nucleation rate, and thus lead to a coarsening of the grain structure.

Revealing the influence of high magnetic field on the solute distribution during directional solidification of Al-Cu alloy

The effect of the high magnetic field(MF)on the distribution of solute concentration during directional solidification of Al-Cu alloy under low growth speed was experimentally investigated.The amount of nonequilibrium eutectic is quantified via X-ray computed tomography(XCT)and demonstrated to reduce with the application of MF.Further,experimental results reveal that the MF alleviates the microsegregation and increases the average Cu concentration in solid solution,leading to the increases of the effective partition coefficient ke.It was also found that Cu concentration in solid solution increases continuously with the increasing intensity of MF,following the strengthening of micro-hardness.The change of ke under the MF is demonstrated to attribute to the thermoelectric magnetic convection(TEMC)in the mushy zone and the thermoelectric magnetic force(TEMF)acting on the solid.The TEMC is supposed to cause secondary convection owing to the inequality in flow velocities of circulation in different positions of dendrite stem.And the vacancies created by the proliferation and movement of dislocations induced by TEMF in the matrix is supposed to be able to capture solute atoms and thus enhance the solute concentration in the solid solution.

Thermoelectric properties of Ag-doped compound:Mg_(3-x)Ag_(x)Sb_(2)

Mg_(3)Sb_(2)-based thermoelectric materials have poor electrical conductivity which is the key to limit thermoelectric performance that need to be solved.Herein we tuned the carrier concentration of Mg_(3)Sb_(2)-based materials via Ag doping at the Mg sites(at two distinct crystallographic sites)to enhance the electrical performance.Mg_(3-x)Ag_(x)Sb_(2)(0≤x≤0.05)has been prepared successfully by vacuum suspension smelting plus Spark Plasma Sintering technique.Using the vacuum suspension smelting plus Spark Plasma Sintering method,we proved that Ag doping can precisely tune the electrical transport properties and accordingly enhance the power factor.Moreover,the Ag doping leads to a low lattice thermal conductivity due to phonons scattering,and the maximal thermoelectric figure of merit ZT for Mg_(3-x)Ag_(x)Sb_(2)reaches 0.66 at 773 K.

Control amplitude and phase of light by plasmonic meta-hologram with T-shaped nano-cavity

Controlling both amplitude and phase of light in the subwavelength scale is a challenge for traditional optical devices.Here,we propose and numerically investigate a novel plasmonic meta-hologram,demonstrating broadband manipulation of both phase and amplitude in the subwavelength scale.In the meta-hologram,phase modulation is achieved by the detour phase distribution of unit cells,and amplitude is continuously modulated by a T-shaped nano-cavity with tunable plasmonic resonance.Compared to phase-only holograms,such a metahologram could reconstruct three-dimensional(3D)images with higher signal-to-noise ratio and better image quality,thus offering great potential in applications such as 3D displays,optical communications,and beam shaping.

In situ radiographic study of the grain refining behavior of Al_(3)Sc during the solidification of Al-10Cu alloy

Grain refinement of Al alloys inoculated by rare earth elements,such as Sc,has been extensively acknowledged,while the practical behavior of how inoculant Al_(3)Sc particles affect the refinement in solidification has not been clarified due to the non-transparency of the solidification process.Here,the microstructural evolution of primary Al_(3)Sc particles andα-Al grains in Al-10 wt.%Cu alloy solidifications with 0.2 wt.%,0.6 wt.%,and 1.0 wt.%Sc additions was investigated by in situ synchrotron X-ray radiography.The detailed mechanisms of curve motion of grains(CMG)and melt convection were revealed.The efficient grains nucleation,uniformly scattered small initial grains,and long duration of melt convection contributed to the best refinement in the 0.6 wt.%Sc addition sample.This work provides a deep insight into grain refinement in solidification with Sc addition,which will enlighten the composition design and casting process of Al alloys inoculated by rare earth elements.

External field-strengthened Ostwald nanowelding

The accomplishment of nanowelding typically requires the input of high energy,possibly causing appreciable damages to the brittle nanomaterial.Herein,we report an external field(EF,i.e.,light,direct current(DC),and alternating current(AC))-strengthened Ostwald nanowelding(ONW)strategy to enable low-temperature nanowelding of Au nanoparticles(NPs)with nanoscale spacing in solution and propose an electron localization mechanism to understand it.We reveal that the EF-derived local electrons not only greatly strengthen the dissolution of surface atoms and the reduction of Au3+ions dissolved,but also confine(together with ordered water molecules)the transport of Au^(3+)ions within the nanogap.Consequently,the electrochemical Ostwald ripening(OR)process of the Au NPs is actively strengthened,which,along with the local electron-strengthened surface atom diffusion(as a result of the strong electrostatic repulsion created),enables feasible ONW for solution processing of interdigital electrodes(IDEs)from Au NPs and high-performance transparent conductor(TC)from Ag nanowires(NWs).Our low-temperature nanowelding strategy offers an efficient interconnection technique for the processing of functional nanodevices from individual nanomaterials.

Nucleation and growth of Fe-rich phases in Al-5Ti-1B modified Al-Fe alloys investigated using synchrotron X-ray imaging and electron microscopy

Plate-like Fe-rich intermetallic phases directly influence the mechanical properties of recycled Al alloys;thus, many attempts have been made to modify the morphology of these phases. Through synchrotron X-ray imaging and electron microscopy, the underlying nucleation and growth mechanisms of Fe-rich phases during the solidification of Al-5 Ti-1 B-modified Al-2 Fe alloys were revealed in this study. The results showed that the Al-5 Ti-1 B grain refiner as well as the applied pressure both resulted in reduction of the size and number of primary Al_(3)Fe phases and promoted the formation of eutectic Al_(6)Fe phases.The tomography results demonstrated that Al-5 Ti-1 B changed the three-dimensional(3 D) morphology of primary Fe-rich phases from rod-like to branched plate-like, while a reduction in their thickness and size was also observed. This was attributed to the fact that Ti-containing solutes in the melts inhibit the diffusion of Fe atoms and the Al_(3)Fe twins produce re-entrant corner on the twin boundaries along the growth direction. Moreover, the TiB_(2) provides possible nucleation sites for Al_6Fe phases. The nucleation mechanism of Fe-rich phases is discussed in terms of experimental observations and crystallography calculations. The decrease in the lattice mismatch between TiB_(2) and Al_(6)Fe phases was suggested, which promoted the transformation of Al_(3)Fe to Al_(6)Fe phases.

In Situ Investigation of Si-Poisoning Effect in Al-Cu-Si Alloys Inoculated by Al-5Ti-1B

In situ synchrotron X-radiography was carried out on Al-13 Cu and Al-13 Cu-7 Si alloys with and without addition of Al-5 Ti-1 B master alloy.The effects of Si content on grain growth and the solute-suppressed nucleation zone(SSNZ)were quantitatively studied.The average grain size can be refined to 164μm of Al-13 Cu alloy inoculated by Al-5 Ti-1B.After addition of 7%Si content,a large number of TiB 2 sites in the melt lost the inoculating ability due to"Si poisoning."The radius of the dendrite tip curvature of Al-13 Cu is more than two times as large as that of Al-13 Cu-7 Si.The sharper tip is able to disperse the solute more effectively and thus grains can grow more rapidly.This causes that the dendrite arm growth rate with addition of 7%Si solute is about 2.6 times that of no Si addition.In addition,the solute enrichment in the SSNZ of Al-13 Cu is faster,and the area change of SSNZ is slower than that of Al-13 Cu-7 Si.Thus more nucleation sites in the SSNZ cannot be activated with addition of Si.This study will shed light on the understanding of Si poisoning in casting Al-Cu-Si alloys.

Detection of cylindrical vector beams with chiral plasmonic lens

The cylindrical vector beam(CVB) has been extensively studied in recent years, but detection of CVBs with on-chip photonic devices is a challenge. Here, we propose and theoretically study a chiral plasmonic lens structure for CVB detection. The structure illuminated by a CVB can generate single plasmonic focus, whose focal position depends on the incident angle and the polarization order of CVB. Thus, the incident CVB can be detected according to the focal position and incident angle and with a coupling waveguide to avoid the imaging of the whole plasmonic field. It shows great potential in applications including CVB-multiplexing integrated communication systems.

High-efficiency monolayer metallic metasurface for modulation of orbital angular momentum

The optical vortex beam has widely been studied and used because of its unique orbital angular momentum(OAM).To generate and control OAM in compact and integrated systems,many metallic metasurface devices have been proposed,however,most of them suffer from the low efficiency.Here,we propose and experimentally verify a high-efficiency monolayer metallic metasurface composed of semicircular nano-grooves distributed with detour phase.The metasurface can generate single or an array of OAM with spin-sensitive modulation and achieve the maximum efficiency of 60.2%in theory and 30.44%in experiment.This work has great potential in compact OAM detection and communication systems.

20世纪50年代“新年画”的大众化特征

作为我国民间美术重要分支的传统木版年画,从20世纪初随着社会革命发展进行了一系列改良,最终成为了“新年画”这种脱胎于传统又吸收各种形式技法、创作与政治风潮、社会新风尚相结合的艺术形式。20世纪50年代的“新年画”有着强烈的政治色彩与革命性,从图像表达转变为叙事与情节性较强的大众视觉艺术。它的情节性、装饰性、传播性成为“新年画”流传发展的重要特点与原动力,在当时的历史背景下引起了广泛关注。