Electrochemical protein biosensors for disease marker detection:progress and opportunities

The development of artificial intelligence-enabled medical health care has created both opportunities and challenges for next-generation biosensor technology.Proteins are extensively used as biological macromolecular markers in disease diagnosis and the analysis of therapeutic effects.Electrochemical protein biosensors have achieved desirable specificity by using the specific antibody–antigen binding principle in immunology.However,the active centers of protein biomarkers are surrounded by a peptide matrix,which hinders charge transfer and results in insufficient sensor sensitivity.Therefore,electrode-modified materials and transducer devices have been designed to increase the sensitivity and improve the practical application prospects of electrochemical protein sensors.In this review,we summarize recent reports of electrochemical biosensors for protein biomarker detection.We highlight the latest research on electrochemical protein biosensors for the detection of cancer,viral infectious diseases,inflammation,and other diseases.The corresponding sensitive materials,transducer structures,and detection principles associated with such biosensors are also addressed generally.Finally,we present an outlook on the use of electrochemical protein biosensors for disease marker detection for the next few years.

Electrochemical biosensor employing PbS colloidal quantum dots/Au nanospheres-modified electrode for ultrasensitive glucose detection

Rapid and accurate detection of glucose is of great significance for diabetic management.Highly sensitive glucose sensors promise to achieve noninvasive detection technology,enabling more convenient and efficient means for large-scale screening and long-term dynamic monitoring of diabetes patients.In this work,we demonstrate a sensitive glucose electrochemical biosensor through the synergetic labelling strategy utilizing PbS colloidal quantum dots(CQDs)and Au nanospheres(AuNSs).The PbS CQDs/AuNSs/glucose oxidase(GOx)mixture could be stably immobilized on the carbon electrode surface via the onestep dip-coating method.The electrochemical biosensor employing PbS CQDs/AuNSs/GOx-modified electrode integrates the functions of specific molecule recognition,signal transduction as well as signal amplification.The sensor is capable of transducing the glucose enzyme-catalyzed reaction into significant current signals,exhibiting a good linear response in the glucose concentration range of 0.1μM-10 mM with the limit of detection being 1.432 nM.