Active molecule-based theranostic agents for tumor vasculature normalization and antitumor efficacy

Tumor vascular normalization has emerged as a promising strategy for synergistic therapy recently.Based on the strategy of“fluorescence turn on-controllable release”,a novel bifunctional candidate was con-structed based on previous developed vascular normalization inducer QDAU5,which could self-assemble to form functional enzyme infrared QDAU5 nanoparticles(FEIRQ NPs).Subsequently,biological evaluation demonstrated that the FEIRQ NPs could induce ferroptosis,endoplasmic reticulum stress,and antigen pre-conditioning and maturation of dendritic cells and CD8^(+)T cells,leading to excellent antitumor efficacy in the absence of cytotoxic drugs.Additionally,FEIRQ NPs show high fluorescence intensity upon expo-sure to theβ-galactosidase(β-Gal)enzyme expressed in ovarian cancer,enabling real-time monitoring of therapeutic effects.Overall,our findings suggest a prospering strategy to early diagnosis and efficient therapy for ovarian cancer without cytotoxicity.

Remodeling the tumor microenvironment by vascular normalization and GSH-depletion for augmenting tumor immunotherapy

Remodeling tumor microenvironment(TME)is a very promising and effective strategy to enhance the effects of chemotherapy,photodynamic therapy,and immunotherapy.Normalization of tumor vasculature as well as depletion of glutathione(GSH)can improve the TME.Here,we developed a novel therapeutic nanoparticle functional enzyme ultra QDAU5 nanoparticles(FEUQ Nps)based on a fluorescence-on and releasable strategy by combining a vascular normalization inducer,a GSH depleting agent,and an activated fluorophore.In which the cleavage of disulfide bonds releases active molecules that induce vascular normalization and improve the hypoxic microenvironment.In addition,it may deplete GSH in cancer cells,thus inducing the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and lipid peroxide(LPO)and promoting iron toxicity.It may also lead to endoplasmic stress and release of calmodulin,which activates the immune system.Meanwhile,quenched fluorophores are turned on in the presence of galactosidase(GLU)for tumor-specific labeling.In summary,we developed novel therapeutic agent nanoparticles with the function of vascular normalization inducers to achieve specific labeling of hepatocellular carcinoma while exerting efficient antitumor effects in vivo.

RVD方案对新诊断多发性骨髓瘤患者缓解深度的研究

目的:分析来那度胺、硼替佐米及地塞米松(lenalidomide,bortezomib and dexamethasone,RVD)方案治疗新诊断多发性骨髓瘤(newly diagnosed multiple myeloma,NDMM)患者的疗效和安全性.方法:回顾性分析2015年1月至2019年5月首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院收治的48例NDMM患者,统计其临床特征及治疗疗效.结果:48例患者的中位年龄为59(34~79)岁,Durie-Salmon分期Ⅲ期患者44例;ISS分期Ⅱ期患者15例,Ⅲ期患者19例,12例伴浆细胞瘤,细胞遗传学高危患者占32.5%.全部患者接受RVD方案化疗,中位4(1~9)个周期,总有效率97.9%,完全缓解(complete response,CR)率为35.4%,4个周期较2个周期化疗后非常好的部分缓解(very good partial response,VGPR)以上疗效提高为(84.6% vs. 64.1%);平均采集CD34+细胞数4.2(±2.6)×106/kg;诱导治疗后下一代流式微小残留病变(minimal residual disease,MRD)阴性率为20.6%,其中2例移植前MRD阳性者在移植后MRD转阴.治疗过程中2例发生3~4级血液学毒性,未发生3级以上非血液学不良事件.结论:采用RVD方案治疗NDMM患者4个疗程,缓解率高,不良反应可耐受,且不影响干细胞采集.RVD诱导联合自体造血干细胞移植可进一步提高MRD阴性率.

人CS1-Fc融合蛋白的真核表达、蛋白纯化及生物学效应鉴定

人信号淋巴细胞激活分子F7 (SLAMF7/CS1)是一种细胞表面糖蛋白,在多发性骨髓瘤细胞中高度表达。已有研究表明CS1是多发性骨髓瘤较为灵敏且特异的生物标志物。CAR-T细胞免疫疗法是治疗多发性骨髓瘤的新方法,其中CS1 CAR-T细胞免疫疗法针对复发性难治性多发性骨髓瘤有较好的疗效。为了检测CS1 CAR-T细胞上CS1CAR的表达效率和探寻CAR-T细胞免疫疗法的辅助手段,文中制备了一种CS1-Fc融合蛋白。首先利用PCR技术从已有质粒中扩增得到CS1的胞外段序列,再通过重叠延伸PCR与人IgG1-Fc段相连。将重组片段连接至pMH3真核表达载体上,经酶切鉴定和DNA测序后,将重组质粒pMH3-CS1-Fc-his转染至中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO-S)。经G418加压筛选和流式细胞术鉴定,证实CS1-Fc融合蛋白在CHO-S细胞中获得了表达。利用镍柱对CS1-Fc融合蛋白进行纯化,经Western blotting鉴定,融合蛋白的分子量约为70 kDa。流式细胞术和细胞计数分析结果显示,CS1-Fc融合蛋白能有效检测CS1 CAR的表达效率,证实了CS1-Fc融合蛋白对CS1 CAR-T细胞具有活化、促增殖及促分泌细胞因子的作用。本研究结果为多发性骨髓瘤细胞免疫治疗CAR-T细胞的体外检测和效能强化奠定了实验基础。

核辐射导致急性肾损伤中铁死亡的作用研究进展

近年来铁死亡与急性肾损伤(AKI)关系的研究不断深入,但是铁死亡在核辐射导致的AKI中发挥作用的分子生物学机制尚未阐明。本文综述了铁死亡在核辐射所致AKI生物学过程中的作用研究进展,以便为防治核辐射所致AKI寻找潜在的检测手段和治疗靶点。