Crossed-dipole acoustic logging technology is mainly used to measure shear wave and determine the anisotropy or fractures of formation in the fi eld of acoustic logging.Based on the propagation characteristics of dipo...Crossed-dipole acoustic logging technology is mainly used to measure shear wave and determine the anisotropy or fractures of formation in the fi eld of acoustic logging.Based on the propagation characteristics of dipole flexural waves in cased holes,and the wavefi eld of fundamental flexural mode at three bonding conditions:good cement bonding,poorly bonded interface I,and poorly bonded interface II.The dispersion curves of flexural waves are calculated,and the eff ects of cement parameters(elastic parameters and geometric dimensions)on dispersion curves are investigated.The RAI method is used to calculate the dipole full waveforms in a cased hole with conventional or ultralight cement surrounded by a soft formation.Then,the weighted spectral semblance is used to conduct the dispersion analysis of the full waves.The numerical results show that the cutoff frequency of flexural waves exceeds the frequency band of the current dipole logging tools in the well-bonded cased hole with conventional cement in soft formations.However,when ultralight cement is used,the cutoff frequency shifts toward low values,and the ultralight cement bonding is conducive to measuring flexural waves in soft formations.When interface I is poorly bonded,the cutoff frequency shifts toward low values,and the change is evident in soft formations.The cutoff frequency in the case of ultralight cement bonding is more evident than that of conventional cement bonding.If only interface II is poorly bonded,regardless of the cement used,the cutoff frequencies are all below 2 kHz.The dipole full-wave analysis of diff erent bonding conditions further illustrates that the dispersion characteristics of flexural waves are sensitive to the cement bonding quality of cased holes.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 41474098 and 42074139).
文摘Crossed-dipole acoustic logging technology is mainly used to measure shear wave and determine the anisotropy or fractures of formation in the fi eld of acoustic logging.Based on the propagation characteristics of dipole flexural waves in cased holes,and the wavefi eld of fundamental flexural mode at three bonding conditions:good cement bonding,poorly bonded interface I,and poorly bonded interface II.The dispersion curves of flexural waves are calculated,and the eff ects of cement parameters(elastic parameters and geometric dimensions)on dispersion curves are investigated.The RAI method is used to calculate the dipole full waveforms in a cased hole with conventional or ultralight cement surrounded by a soft formation.Then,the weighted spectral semblance is used to conduct the dispersion analysis of the full waves.The numerical results show that the cutoff frequency of flexural waves exceeds the frequency band of the current dipole logging tools in the well-bonded cased hole with conventional cement in soft formations.However,when ultralight cement is used,the cutoff frequency shifts toward low values,and the ultralight cement bonding is conducive to measuring flexural waves in soft formations.When interface I is poorly bonded,the cutoff frequency shifts toward low values,and the change is evident in soft formations.The cutoff frequency in the case of ultralight cement bonding is more evident than that of conventional cement bonding.If only interface II is poorly bonded,regardless of the cement used,the cutoff frequencies are all below 2 kHz.The dipole full-wave analysis of diff erent bonding conditions further illustrates that the dispersion characteristics of flexural waves are sensitive to the cement bonding quality of cased holes.
文摘采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出非化学计量Na+掺杂的Li NaxV3O8材料。XRD分析表明,材料主相为Li V3O8层状结构;非化学计量的Na+掺杂可有效增大Li V3O8层状结构的层间距d,从而降低Li+在材料内部的扩散阻力。SEM图像显示材料形貌均匀,呈厚度约100 nm的薄片状,有效减小了Li+在材料内的扩散路径。充放电测试表明掺杂量为5%的材料表现出最佳的充放电可逆性,其最大放电比容量经过活化后可达117.6 m Ah/g,经50次循环后的放电比容量仍有67.6 m Ah/g。
