激光冲击对海洋工程用E690钢微观组织及性能的影响

目的 提高E690钢的耐磨损性能。方法 将E690钢基体经磨床打磨后进行超声清洗,利用PROCUDO?200激光冲击系统,对其表面施加冲击强化处理。利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析激光冲击(LSP)对E690钢微观组织结构的影响。通过显微硬度测试、纳米压痕测试、干滑动摩擦磨损试验,评价未冲击处理和LSP处理E690钢试样的硬度、弹塑性性质和耐磨损性能。结果 LSP作用下,E690钢基体表层晶粒尺寸细化,形成明显的梯度结构,试样的相组成仍然为α相和γ相,但α相最强衍射峰的半高宽由0.218°增大到0.266°。LSP处理后,E690钢基体表层残余应力转变为较大的残余压应力,最大残余应力达到–268 MPa。LSP处理E690钢的影响层深度约为700μm,表面硬度为(302.5±12.2)HV100,与未冲击处理试样相比,提高了8.7%。LSP处理E690钢试样的弹性模量为(419.80±8.79) GPa,提高了21.4%,弹性恢复功略有提高。LSP处理使得E690钢的摩擦系数由0.59±0.03减小为0.55±0.03,同时使其磨损率降低了32%。未冲击处理和LSP处理E690钢试样的磨损机制为黏着磨损、氧化磨损和磨粒磨损。结论 LSP处理可有效改善E690钢基体表层的微观组织,形成明显的冲击影响层深度,有效提高E690钢基体的硬度和弹性模量,降低其滑动摩擦系数。此外,LSP处理有效提高了E690钢的耐干滑动磨损性能。

Revelation of Rural System of Medical Services in BRICS to China

In recent years, the great achievements of basic medical and healthcare services of BRICS have gained great attention and acknowledgement from the whole world. In their medical system reform, India, Brazil, Russia and South Africa have established their medical systems with their own characteristics. This provides valuable references for China in its critical stage of medical system reform. This paper explored the experience of BRICS＇ reform of medical system in order to offer some references and guidance for the establishment of basic medical and health services with Chinese characteristics and conforming to Chinese practice.