剖面浮标变体积油囊式浮力调节系统设计

为精准控制剖面浮标的垂向运动,提出一种可精确控制油量的变体积油囊式浮力调节系统,包含外油囊、增压油箱、密封性能良好的电磁球阀和可调节转速的液压泵等组件。采用拉线位移传感器实时采集增压油箱液面位置实现油量监控,并对外油囊体积进行高精度闭环反馈控制;设计极低泄漏量的液压系统,实现系统在待机状态下浮力保持长期稳定。为精确控制浮力调节系统,构建控制系统数学模型,引入比例积分微分(Proportional Integral Differential,PID)控制算法,并采用Simulink进行稳定性仿真。试验结果表明,系统可实现浮力精确控制,最大超调量低于1%,稳定性与响应速度均符合预期,验证了控制策略的可靠性。

适用于海洋动态观测设备嵌入式系统的低功耗管理预测模型

能耗是制约海洋设备在水下工作时长的关键因素。为进一步降低海洋动态观测设备嵌入式系统的动态功耗,本文针对前人提出的用于预测空闲时间的指数平滑算法所存在的权重系数基于凑数法确定、算法难以适应大波动等问题,设计了一种新的权重系数,并构建了一种自适应的低功耗管理预测模型。当模型检测到预测的空闲时间超过工作和休眠状态切换的时间阈值后,中央处理器关停系统的部分外设,使系统进入低功耗休眠状态。仿真和单片机实验均表明,本文提出的低功耗管理预测模型能够有效地提高对处理器工作的空闲时间预测的准确性,且面对突发状况具有良好的自适应性,可显著降低嵌入式系统的功耗,有效延长设备的工作时间。

附加华山新麦草不同Ns染色体对小麦耐盐性的影响及其生理机制分析

为了解附加华山新麦草(Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng)不同Ns染色体对小麦耐盐性的影响及其相关生理机制,以小麦-华山新麦草全套二体附加系及其亲本7182为研究对象,对其进行150 mmol·L^(-1)、250 mmol·L^(-1)NaCl溶液胁迫处理,测定其芽期和苗期的7个生长指标及6个理化指标,并进行分析比较。结果表明,盐胁迫下,供试材料芽期的芽长(SL)和根长(RL)、苗期的叶片鲜重(FW)下降最为明显;4Ns、5Ns、7Ns附加系在芽期、苗期的耐盐性显著高于受体小麦7182,其中7Ns附加系耐盐能力最强,150 mmol·L^(-1)和250mmol·L^(-1)NaCl胁迫下,耐盐等级分别为Ⅰ级(高耐)和Ⅱ级(耐盐)。盐胁迫下,5Ns、7Ns附加系叶片内SOD、POD活性最高,且叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量最低,相对电导率最小;4Ns附加系脯氨酸含量较高,丙二醛含量较少。可以认为,华山新麦草4Ns、5Ns、7Ns染色体附加到小麦后,分别依赖渗透调节、抗氧化机制增强受体小麦的耐盐能力,这些附加系材料可作为新种质应用于小麦耐盐性研究和育种。

滇重楼稻曲拟盘多毛孢叶斑病病原鉴定及其生物学特性测定

为明确滇重楼Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis(Franch)Hand.-Mazz一种新的叶斑病病原菌,以云南省丽江市玉龙纳西族自治县中药材种植基地内发现的一种新真菌性病害为供试研究材料,经单孢分离培养、形态特征观察、致病性测定、多基因系统发育分析(ITS、tub 2、tef 1)和生物学特性测定,对病原物进行分类鉴定。研究结果表明,病原物CL107形态符合Pestalotiopsis sp.种属典型特征;菌株CL107-ITS(accession no.MK156295)、CL107-BT(accession no.MN015425)、CL107-EF1(accession no.MN022941)与参比标准菌株P.oryzae CBS 353.69同源性分别为100.00%、100.00%、98.92%,可将稻曲拟盘多毛孢P.oryzae确定为滇重楼叶斑病病原物。生物学特性研究表明,PDA培养基、pH 8.0、28℃、全黑暗条件有利于菌株CL107菌丝生长和分生孢子形成,以葡萄糖为碳源有利于纯化菌株菌丝生长和产孢;以酵母提取物为氮源有利于纯化菌株菌丝生长,以牛肉膏为氮源有利于纯化菌株产孢。本研究首次报道稻曲拟盘多毛孢P.oryzae可侵染滇重楼植株,引起真菌性叶斑病,明确影响病害发生的环境因子,为该叶斑病的诊断与防治提供科学依据和理论指导。

156份小麦种质资源的纹枯病抗性鉴定与评价

为筛选在育种和生产上可利用的纹枯病稳定抗源,采用温室牙签接种法对156份小麦种质资源进行了纹枯病抗性鉴定。结果表明,供试材料存在纹枯病抗性差异,共筛选出36份两年表现稳定中抗及以上的种质材料,包括10份国内改良品种,16份美国引进小麦材料和10份小麦-华山新麦草后代材料。其中,Y-83-1和Y-83-3两年表现稳定抗病,且农艺性状较好,可作为抗小麦纹枯病育种的稳定抗源。

华山新麦草2Ns染色体SCAR标记的开发

为准确快速地建立小麦-华山新麦草杂交后代的分子标记鉴定方法,利用180条长度为10 bp的随机引物R1~R180对小麦-华山新麦草全套(1Ns~7Ns)二体附加系及其亲本华山新麦草和普通小麦7182共9个材料进行了RAPD分析。结果表明,R131在华山新麦草和小麦-华山新麦草2Ns二体附加系中可以扩增出特异条带。将该特异条带回收并测序,发现其全长为1126 bp,对其进行序列比对分析后设计SCAR引物S131,然后利用S131重新对9份材料进行了SCAR分析。结果显示,S131只在华山新麦草和小麦-华山新麦草2Ns二体附加系中扩增出特异性条带,表明RAPD标记R131已成功转化为可靠、特异的SCAR标记S131。这个新的SCAR标记可用于检测普通小麦背景下华山新麦草2Ns染色体。

辣椒酱发酵菌肠膜明串珠菌C27高密度培养条件优化

为了实现辣椒酱发酵肠膜明串珠菌(Leuconostoc mesenteroides)C27的高密度培养,以MRS肉汤培养基为基础,L.mesenteroides C27的菌体密度为评价指标,采用单因素试验和响应面法对培养基中的碳源、氮源、生长因子进行优化,同时采用响应面法对培养条件进行优化。结果表明,最佳培养基配方为蔗糖21 g/L,酵母浸粉22 g/L,土豆汁14 g/L;最佳培养条件为发酵温度38.4℃、初始pH值6.2,接种量2.4%。在此优化条件下培养24 h,L.mesenteroides C27的菌体密度(OD600 nm值)达1.034,活菌数为1.30×109 CFU/mL。

基于海洋潜标观测数据压缩的数据预处理算法

海洋潜标通过搭载各种观测设备实现海面以下的海洋环境要素的长期观测,是海洋环境监测中最可靠、最准确的手段之一。本文针对潜标传感器观测数据的特点,提出了一种数据预处理算法,该算法通过数据筛选、数据差分和数据去重,完成对海洋传感器数据的预处理。数据预处理算法的运算简便、消耗的临时空间资源少。Matlab平台仿真实验结果表明:对CTDDO传感器观测数据进行预处理后,动态Huffman算法的压缩效率提高了约86%、LZW算法的压缩效率提高了约72%、Mini-LZO算法的压缩效率最多提高约25%,并且数据预处理算法具备较强的通用性。数据预处理算法不仅可以大幅提高无损压缩算法对传感器观测数据的压缩效率,有利于有效节省数据存储空间、提高通信网络在单位时间内的吞吐传输能力;而且能够提高海洋潜标嵌入式系统的计算速度,有利于降低系统功耗,进而延长潜标的水下自主工作时间,具有广阔的应用前景。

潜标抗漂移布放技术

对潜标定位布放中的抗漂移技术进行研究。在满足总浮力需求的前提下,从提高回收可靠性的角度出发,针对4种潜标结构方案,采用集中质量法建立潜标的数学模型,对比分析浮力部件、海流速度和海床底质对水平漂移量的影响。仿真结果表明:增加浮力部件会增大水平漂移量,而改变浮力部件的安装位置对水平漂移量的影响较小;海流速度越大,潜标在水平方向上的漂移量就越大,在布放潜标时,需考虑当地的海流速度;海床底质对峰值张力和稳态张力的影响较小,但在触底过程中,缆索交替出现松弛和张紧现象,海床刚度越大,振动幅度和频率就越大。

The evidence for the existence of methane seepages in the northern South China Sea:abnormal high methane concentrations in bottom waters

The methane concentration of water samples at five stations collected by the CTD rosette water sampler in the areas of southwest Dongsha Islands and the Xisha Trough was analyzed by the gas-stripping method on aboard ship. It shows abnormal high methane concentrations in near bottom water samples at three stations. In the southwest Dongsha Islands area, the methane concentration of 4.25 and 10.64 nmol/dm3 occurs in near bottom water samples at Stas E105A and E106, respectively. In the Xisha Trough area, the high methane concentrations of 5.17, 8.48 and 8.70 nmol/dm3 in water depths of 1 750, 1 900 and 2 050 m, respectively, have been observed at Sta. E413. It is believed that the abnormal high methane concentrations are generated from the leakage of methane from sediments. Combining with previous geophysical and geochemical data from these two areas, this was probably related to the submarine gas hydrates decomposition and cold seep system. In May 2007, gas hydrate samples were successfully obtained by the drilling in the Shenhu Sea area located in the southwest Dongsha Islands area. It is called for further drilling surveys to confirm the existence of gas hydrate and cold seep system in the Xisha Trough as early as possible.

Denitrification in Qi'ao Island coastal zone,the Zhujiang Estuary in China

Samples of sediments and the overlying water were collected in the Qi'ao Island coastal zone,the Zhujiang(Pearl River) Estuary(ZE).Denitrification rates,sediment oxygen demand(SOD),and fluxes of inorganic nitrogen compounds were investigated with N2 flux method,using a self-designed continuous flow through and auto-sampling system.The results indicate that the denitrification rates varied between 222 and 908 μmol/(m2·h) with an average of 499 μmol /(m2·h).During incubation,the sediments absorbed dissolved oxygen in the overlying water with SOD ranging from 300 to 2 363 μmol/(m2·h).The denitrification rates were highly correlated with the SOD(r2=0.77) regardless of the NO-3+NO-2 concentrations in the overlying water,organic carbon contents in sediments and water temperature,suggesting that the SOD was probably the main environmental factor controlling the denitrification in the Qi'ao Island coastal zone.There was a net flux of NO-3+NO-2 into the sediments from the overlying water.The NH+4 flux from sediments into water as the result of mineralization was between 12.3 and 210.3 μmol/(m2·h),which seems limited by both organic carbon content in sediment and dissolved oxygen concentration in the overlying water.

Application of Biochemical Fulvic Acid Potassium in Transplantation of Trees

[Objective]The paper was to clarify the application of biochemical fulvic acid potassium on the survival rate and growth of various trees transplanted in the process of landscaping.[Method]Two experimental treatments(i.e.decomposed organic fertilizer+biochemical fulvic acid potassium water soluble fertilizer,decomposed organic fertilizer+compound fertilizer)were designed to determine the changes in physical and chemical properties before and after soil treatment,and the survival rate,plant height and ground diameter of four different cultivated plants within one year,and the effects of applying biochemical fulvic acid potassium on cultivated plants were investigated.[Result]The soil organic matter,total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,soil available phosphorus,soil available potassium and p H value in the soil treated with decomposed organic fertilizer+biochemical fulvic acid potassium soluble fertilizer,and decomposed organic fertilizer+compound fertilizer increased significantly,and the soil bulk density decreased obviously.The survival rates,plant heights and ground diameters of four different cultivated plants were significantly improved after application of decomposed organic fertilizer+biochemical fulvic acid potassium water soluble fertilizer,and decomposed organic fer-tilizer+compound fertilizer(P<0.05).[Conclusion]The application of biochemical fulvic acid potassium on cultivated plants effectively improved soil fertility,increased the utilization of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,improved the growth of plants,and promoted the growth of landscaping plants after transplantation.

Analysis of Meteorological Epidemic Factors and Soil Improvement Controlling Technology of Tobacco Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacarum)

[Objective] The paper was to analyze the meteorological epidemic factors for occurrence and prevalence of tobacco bacterial wilt( Ralstonia solanacarum),and to study control effects of different soil conditioners on the bacterial disease in Gaoligongshan demonstration area of green,ecological,high quality tobacco leaf production. [Method] The plots attacked by tobacco bacterial wilt over the years were selected and the incidence of the disease was periodically surveyed in tobacco growth period in 2012,2103 and 2014,respectively. 10 d Effective accumulated temperature and rainfall were counted according to the meteorological data,and the relationship between meteorological factors and disease index was analyzed. The control effects of three kinds of soil conditioners " Zhuanggenfeng",refined fulvic acid and lime on tobacco bacterial wilt were tested. [Result] The analysis results of meteorological factors showed that 10 d effective accumulated temperature and rainfall were positively correlated to disease index. The variation curve of 10 d effective accumulated temperature and rainfall reflected the change trend of disease index. The p H values were increased by 0. 57,0. 50 and 0. 72 respectively after applying " Zhuanggenfeng",refined fulvic acid and lime. The average control effects on tobacco bacterial wilt were 60. 74%-62. 18%,53. 05%-59. 53%,and 48. 59%-58. 53%,respectively. [Conclusion] 10 d Effective accumulated temperature and rainfall could be used as important reference for disease forecasting and controlling. The usage of soil conditioner has a certain prevention and control effect on tobacco bacterial wilt disease by forming soil conditions conducive to flue-cured tobacco growth but adverse to disease survival,which is an effective auxiliary method against the disease.

Growth model of a hydrothermal low-temperature Si-rich chimney:Example from the CDE hydrothermal field,Lau Basin

The CDE hydrothermal field was first discovered during a Chinese cruise to the East Lau Basin Spreading Centre in 2007.Apart from significant amounts of loose Fe-Si-Mn(oxyhydr) oxide(referred to as oxide below) precipitates,a small Si-rich oxide chimney was also recovered on this cruise.In this study,we report on the mineralogical and geochemical analyses of this chimney and a model for its growth that has been developed.Based on the mineralogy and O isotope results,the chimney walls can be divided into four growth generations(layers) from the inner to the outer layers:amorphous opal and barite layer(precipitation temperature 68.5°C based on oxygen isotope determinations),a rod-like amorphous layer(precipitation temperature 39.6°C),a filamentous Fe-Si oxide layer,and an outer Fe-Mn oxide layer.Investigations based on SEM and EDS showed that neutrophilic Fe-oxidizing bacteria play an important role in the formation of this chimney,particularly in the outer two generations.In the first stage,the metabolic activity of the microbes results in the pervasive precipitation of the filamentous Fe-rich oxides inside a ring formed by some amorphous opal and barite;therefore,a loose porous layer forms.In the second stage,amorphous opal then precipitates inside this wall as a result of conductive cooling and gradually controls the mixing between the hydrothermal fluids and ambient seawaters.In the third stage,barite and some amorphous opal form from the higher temperature fluids at the summit of the chimney growth history.In the last stage,the chimney wall becomes thicker and denser and the exchange of hydrothermal fluids and seawater ceases.As a result,a Fe-Mn oxide layer precipitates onto the outer surface of the chimney wall as neutrophilic Fe-oxidizing bacteria reoccupy the surface of the chimney.This mineral sequence and the resultant growth generations are confirmed by the chemical characteristics of the chimney wall.Sr isotopes extracted from the Fe oxides of the four-generation wall generally show a decreasing trend of the 87 Sr/86 Sr ratios from the second layer to the inner layer(from 0.707008 to 0.705877) except for the outer layer(0.706502).The Sr isotope and chondrite normalized REE patterns of the corresponding bulk samples from the chimney wall also display a similar trend.Our study shows that the biogenic filament network plays a key role in the formation of the chimney in contrast to previous growth models of higher temperature chimneys,which often ignore the influence of biogenic factors.