OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical differentiation of spleen-deficiency pattern(SDP), a group of symptoms and signs defined in terms of Traditional Chinese Medicine for its clinical practice.METHODS: Peripheral ve...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical differentiation of spleen-deficiency pattern(SDP), a group of symptoms and signs defined in terms of Traditional Chinese Medicine for its clinical practice.METHODS: Peripheral venous blood(> 3 m L) was collected from each of six type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)-SDP patients and six healthy volunteers. After the isolation of peripheral white blood cells(PWBCs), total RNA was extracted, and quality control was performed on all RNA samples. Microarray experiments were conducted using the Agilent human whole genome gene chip, and genes demonstrating differential expression were screened. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted on these genes using several online databases.RESULTS: We screened a total of 175 differentially expressed genes(DEGs), of which 111(63%) were down-regulated and 64(37%) were up-regulated in T2DM-SDP patients compared with healthy controls. Among the 175 genes, 158 had biological function annotations: 46(29%) were directly related to an individual's immune regulation or response, 25(16%) were associated with substance and energy metabolism of PWBCs which could also indirectly influence immunity, and the remaining87(55%) were involved in a variety of PWBC biological processes that might eventually influence the immune function. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs were predominantly enriched in seven immune-related pathways. Hierarchical cluster analysis identified gene expression patterns that were distinguishable between the two study groups.CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that T2DM-SDP patients experience significant hypoimmunity and/or immune dysfunctions, and possess a specific gene expression profile. These findings offer new insights into SDP and the clinical pattern differentiation of T2DM-SDP.展开更多
OBjECTIVE:To compare the correlations between salivary alpha-amylase(sAA) activity and amylase,alpha 1(salivary) gene(AMY1) copy number or its gene expression between splenic asthenia and healthy children,and investig...OBjECTIVE:To compare the correlations between salivary alpha-amylase(sAA) activity and amylase,alpha 1(salivary) gene(AMY1) copy number or its gene expression between splenic asthenia and healthy children,and investigate the reasons of attenuated sAA activity ratio before and after citric acid stimulation in splenic asthenia children.METHODS:Saliva samples from 20 splenic asthenia children and 29 healthy children were collected before and after citric acid stimulation.AMY1 copy number,sAA activity,and total sAA and glycosylated sAA contents were determined,and their correlations were analyzed.RESULTS:Although splenic asthenia and healthy children had no differences in AMY1 copy number,splenic asthenia children had positive correlations between AMY1 copy number and sAA activity before or after citric acid stimulation.Splenic asthenia children had a higher sAA glycosylated proportion ratio and glycosylated sAA content ratio,while their total sAA content ratio and sAA activity ratio were lower compared with healthy children.The glycosylated sAA content ratio was higher than the total sAA content ratio in both groups.Splenic asthenia and healthy children had positive correlations between total sAA or glycosylated sAA content and sAA activity.However,the role played by glycosylated sAA content in sAA activity in healthy children increased after citric acid stimulation,while it decreased in splenic asthenia children.CONCLUSION:Genetic factors like AMY1 copy number variations,and more importantly,sAA glycosylation abnormalities leading to attenuated sAA activity after citric acid stimulation,which were the main reasons of the attenuated sAA activity ratio in splenic asthenia children compared with healthy children.展开更多
基金Supported by the Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangdong Province of China(Study on the Relevance Between the Pi-Deficiency Syndrome and Gene Differential Expression Profile of Immunity and Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetic MellitusNo.20123001)+8 种基金Special Funds from the Central Finance of China in Support of the Development of Local Colleges and Universities[Collaborative Innovation Platform for the Prevention and Treatment of Significant and Refractory Pi-Wei DiseasesEducational Finance Grant No.338(2013)]the National Natural Science Foundation of China(the Mechanism Study of Salivary Alpha Amylase Activity Change in Pi-Deficiency Syndrome Patients Based on the AMY1 Copy Number VariationN-Glycosylated Protein Level and β-Adrenergic Receptor ActivationNo.81102703)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province of China (miRNA as Material Basis for the New Hypothesis"Pi-Metabolism Relevance"and Study on the Molecular Mechanisms of Treating Metabolic Disorders Through PiNo.2013A032500005)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical differentiation of spleen-deficiency pattern(SDP), a group of symptoms and signs defined in terms of Traditional Chinese Medicine for its clinical practice.METHODS: Peripheral venous blood(> 3 m L) was collected from each of six type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)-SDP patients and six healthy volunteers. After the isolation of peripheral white blood cells(PWBCs), total RNA was extracted, and quality control was performed on all RNA samples. Microarray experiments were conducted using the Agilent human whole genome gene chip, and genes demonstrating differential expression were screened. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted on these genes using several online databases.RESULTS: We screened a total of 175 differentially expressed genes(DEGs), of which 111(63%) were down-regulated and 64(37%) were up-regulated in T2DM-SDP patients compared with healthy controls. Among the 175 genes, 158 had biological function annotations: 46(29%) were directly related to an individual's immune regulation or response, 25(16%) were associated with substance and energy metabolism of PWBCs which could also indirectly influence immunity, and the remaining87(55%) were involved in a variety of PWBC biological processes that might eventually influence the immune function. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs were predominantly enriched in seven immune-related pathways. Hierarchical cluster analysis identified gene expression patterns that were distinguishable between the two study groups.CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that T2DM-SDP patients experience significant hypoimmunity and/or immune dysfunctions, and possess a specific gene expression profile. These findings offer new insights into SDP and the clinical pattern differentiation of T2DM-SDP.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(the Mechanism Study of Salivary Alpha Amylase Activity Change in Pi-Deficiency Syndrome Patients Based on the AMY1 Copy Number Variations,N-Glycosylated Protein Level andβ-Adrenergic Receptor Activation,No.81102703)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(miRNA as Material Basis for the New Hypothesis"Pi-Metabolism Relevance,"and Study on the Molecular Mechanisms of Treating Metabolic Disorders Through Pi,No.2013A032500005)and Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangdong Province in China(Study on the Relevance Between the Pi-Deficiency Syndrome and Gene Differential Expression Profile of Immunity and Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus,No.20123001)
文摘OBjECTIVE:To compare the correlations between salivary alpha-amylase(sAA) activity and amylase,alpha 1(salivary) gene(AMY1) copy number or its gene expression between splenic asthenia and healthy children,and investigate the reasons of attenuated sAA activity ratio before and after citric acid stimulation in splenic asthenia children.METHODS:Saliva samples from 20 splenic asthenia children and 29 healthy children were collected before and after citric acid stimulation.AMY1 copy number,sAA activity,and total sAA and glycosylated sAA contents were determined,and their correlations were analyzed.RESULTS:Although splenic asthenia and healthy children had no differences in AMY1 copy number,splenic asthenia children had positive correlations between AMY1 copy number and sAA activity before or after citric acid stimulation.Splenic asthenia children had a higher sAA glycosylated proportion ratio and glycosylated sAA content ratio,while their total sAA content ratio and sAA activity ratio were lower compared with healthy children.The glycosylated sAA content ratio was higher than the total sAA content ratio in both groups.Splenic asthenia and healthy children had positive correlations between total sAA or glycosylated sAA content and sAA activity.However,the role played by glycosylated sAA content in sAA activity in healthy children increased after citric acid stimulation,while it decreased in splenic asthenia children.CONCLUSION:Genetic factors like AMY1 copy number variations,and more importantly,sAA glycosylation abnormalities leading to attenuated sAA activity after citric acid stimulation,which were the main reasons of the attenuated sAA activity ratio in splenic asthenia children compared with healthy children.
