产教融合视域下地方行业特色高校化工类专业升级路径探索与实践

为尽快满足化工产业转型升级的需求,辽宁石油化工大学化工专业从凝炼专业定位与学科特色出发,深化产教融合,通过健全育人功能、科学规划课程体系、改革实践教学体系、完善校企协同机制等举措,着力培养学生的综合能力和职业精神,以期为地方行业特色高校化工类专业的高质量升级提供参考。

MOR@SAPO-11复合分子筛的合成及Pt/MOR@SAPO-11催化剂的加氢异构化性能

采用硅铝源法制备具有核壳结构的复合分子筛MOR@SAPO-11。利用XRD、SEM、N 2物理吸附-脱附曲线、NH 3-TPD和Py-FTIR等手段对MOR@SAPO-11复合分子筛的晶体结构、分子筛形貌和酸性质进行表征。结果表明,采用硅铝源法制备的复合分子筛MOR@SAPO-11呈现以丝光沸石为核,SAPO-11为壳的核壳结构。相比于单一分子筛MOR、SAPO-11和机械混合物MOR+SAPO-11,MOR@SAPO-11复合分子筛具有更适宜的酸性和较高的B酸分布。这说明MOR@SAPO-11复合分子筛发生了协同作用,通过物理或者化学作用紧密相连,改善了自身的酸性。在相同的反应条件下,以硅铝源法制备的复合分子筛MOR@SAPO-11为载体的Pt催化剂异构化活性和异构烃选择性比以单一分子筛和机械混合分子筛为载体的Pt催化剂有明显提高。

催化油浆陶瓷膜净化处理实验研究

采用陶瓷膜处理FCC油浆,通过FCC油浆粒度分析结果确定了陶瓷膜的最佳过滤精度,考察了陶瓷膜处理FCC油浆的最佳操作参数、处理效果以及膜管的污染再生。结果表明,处理FCC油浆应选择有效过滤精度为0.05μm的陶瓷膜管,最佳处理操作参数为210℃、3m/s膜内流速、300kPa跨膜压差及8倍浓缩倍数。在此条件下清洗周期为300h,专用清洗剂清洗后,膜通量平均再生率为86.8%。最佳操作条件下处理后FCC油浆中固体去除率为99.75%,灰分去除率为98.79%,Cl元素去除率为95.45%,催化剂颗粒去除率为99.96%,处理后能够达到各工艺利用要求。

溶剂热法制备球形MoS_2材料及其电化学性能研究

以四硫代钼酸铵为原料、在甲酰胺-乙醇体系中,使用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)作为表面活性剂,通过溶剂热法成功制备出了球状MoS_2,并对其进行SEM、TEM、XRD表征。结果表明,所制备样品为具有球状形貌、纯相的MoS_2。同时将样品作为负极材料组装成扣式电池,并对其进行电化学性能测试。所制备的材料在0.28A/g的电流密度下首次充放电容量分别达到997.9mA·h/g、1179.1mA·h/g,库伦效率达到84.6%。经过100周恒流充放电循环后,材料的放电容量仍能达到740.8mA·h/g,样品表现出了良好的循环稳定性。

磁性Fe-Au复合材料的制备及SERS性能

表面增强拉曼散射光谱(SERS)是一种广泛应用于低浓度分子物种识别并且能够提供结构信息的技术。SERS检测中基底纳米材料的颗粒大小、形状和空间分布对检测结果有着重要影响。探索制备新型纳米结构可以为SERS研究和应用提供新的活性基底和理论基础。由于具有良好的传质和吸附性能,多孔材料广泛应用于构筑SERS活性基底纳米复合物。以多孔磁性纳米材料作固相载体,通过水热合成多孔纳米α-Fe2O3,再将其还原成Fe,使Fe的表面也有孔道存在。在Fe表面自组装Au纳米材料构筑SERS基底,以对巯基苯胺(PATP)和三聚氰胺水溶液作为目标分子,对其SERS性能进行测试。调控Au纳米粒子尺寸大小,考察其对SERS性能影响,得到50 nm Au具有最优性能。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和N2吸附等表征手段,对纳米复合物结构及组成进行分析表征。结果表明,得到了一种同时具有吸附和检测效果的纳米复合物SERS基底。

红磷/石墨复合材料的制备及电化学性能

研究了一种先通过机械球磨和水热法制得的亚微米红磷,再通过球磨亚微米红磷与石墨得到的块状亚微米红磷/石墨复合材料(smRP/G),并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)、循环伏安法(CV)等手段其进行了表征。相对比普通红磷,亚微米红磷更容易通过球磨与石墨复合,能有效提升石墨材料的储锂容量。为红磷在锂离子电池负极材料上的应用提供了一种思路。在少量添加红磷的条件下,当红磷质量分数为3%时smRP/G表现最佳(3%smRP/G)。在100 mA/g电流密度下展示出了1417 mA·h/g的首次放电容量,首次库伦效率67.4%。并在循环200圈后依然保持着700 mA·h/g的可逆循环容量。

超声波作用下渣油临氢热裂化反应机理

采用高温高压超声波反应器对惠州炼化的减压渣油进行超声波作用下的临氢热裂化反应,考察气相产物组成、液相产物组成、反应生焦SEM形貌及元素分析,探讨在超声波作用下渣油临氢热裂化反应机理。结果表明,超声波作用下的渣油临氢热裂化反应的气相产物收率无明显差别,轻油收率略有增加,生焦率降低;焦炭的颗粒棱角比较圆滑,出现孔道结构,说明在超声波作用下,渣油临氢热裂化反应主要按自由基热反应机理进行,超声波的空化作用可促使渣油发生裂化反应,因此轻油收率略有增加,超声波的机械效应使悬浮在渣油中的生焦前驱物剧烈震荡,阻止其聚合,从而减少了结焦;焦炭中Ni元素的大量增加说明了催化剂为结焦提供结焦中心。

Synthesis of MOR/SAPO-11 Composite Molecular Sieve via Seed Crystallization for n-Alkane Hydroisomerization

n-Alkane isomerization is a critical reaction that can affect parameters in oil refining, such as the gasoline octane number and diesel oil solidifying point. In this study, a catalyst support, mordenite (MOR)/silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO)-11 composite zeolite with core/shell structure, was synthesized by hydrothermal method with MOR acting as the seed for crystallization. The crystal structure, elemental composition, surface area, pore volume, and acidity of the catalyst was thoroughly characterized. In addition, the catalytic performance of the as-obtained Pt/MOR/SAPO-11 in the hydroisomerization of n-dodecane was tested. The results indicated that the properties and catalytic performance of the composite molecular sieve were quite different from those of the pure zeolites and physical mixture of MOR and SAPO-11 (MOR+SAPO-11). Compared with the physical mixture, MOR and SAPO-11 were more tightly bound in MOR/SAPO-11 because of chemical bonding. Moreover, the acidity and pore structure were favorable to the catalytic hydroisomerization of n-dodecane. Pt/MOR/SAPO-11 exhibited higher isomerization activity than the Pt-loaded pristine MOR and MOR+SAPO-11. Thus, the core-shell composite molecular sieve has promising industrial applications as the catalyst support.

Effect of the Morphology of ZnO Support on the Desulfurization and Regeneration Performance of Ni/ZnO Catalyst

The Ni/ZnO desulfurization catalyst has been highly valued for its high desulfurization rate and low octane value loss. However, during the process of desulfurization, ZnO is prone to deactivation and the active component Ni is susceptible to agglomeration, which can affect the performance of the catalyst. In order to solve these problems, the modification of ZnO support has been extensively studied. The granular, short rod-shaped and nanowire-structured ZnO were synthesized by controlling the concentration of NaOH, and the desulfurization catalyst was prepared with ZnO serving as the support after loading of metallic Ni. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption, SEM, TEM and other analytical methods. The desulfurization performance of the catalyst was investigated with n-heptane - thiophene used as model compounds. Test results showed that the morphology and size of ZnO support has great influence on the desulfurization performance of the catalyst. Desulfurization catalyst prepared with nanowire-structured ZnO support has the best desulfurization performance, with its desulfurization rate reaching 98.2%. The result was achieved mainly due to the nanowire structure of ZnO support which could effectively restrain the agglomeration of metallic Ni on the surface and reduce the particle size of the active component of metallic Ni so as to improve its dispersion on the surface of the support. In addition, the nanowire structure can reduce the diffusion resistance of thiophene in the reaction process and provide a channel conducive to sulfur transfer and diffusion, which makes it perform well in the desulphurization reaction process and regeneration process.

渤海油田随钻地层压力监测dc指数法改进及应用

为克服异常地层高压给井场钻井作业带来的安全风险,渤海油田通常采用随钻地层压力监测技术,但该项技术中dc指数模型不适用于渤海油田使用的PDC钻头,研究人员基于修正后的杨格钻速方程,结合现场实钻数据研究,重新构建了渤海油田PDC钻头的地层可钻性模型dr。应用该模型成功识别了渤中凹陷某探井的异常高压带,并可计算模拟地层压力曲线为现场合理选择钻井液密度提供依据,确保了井下安全并成功完成了油藏地质勘探任务。

Hierarchical SAPO-11 Molecular Sieve for n-Alkane Hydroisomerization Synthesized by Directing Agent Method

Silicoaluminophosphates SAPO-11 molecular sieves with small particle size and hierarchical pores were synthesized using the directing agent method.The effect of crystallization time on the particle structure,morphology,pore structure properties,and acid properties of SAPO-11 molecular sieves were investigated.Unlike the SAPO-11 molecular sieves synthesized with the conventional method,the results of XRD,SEM,BET and NH3-TPD analyses showed that the SAPO-11 molecular sieves synthesized by the directing agent method in a shorter crystallization time exhibited fine and uniform morphology.By increasing the crystallization time,the particle size of SAPO-11 molecular sieve was significantly reduced,and the mesoporous structure(intercrystalline pores)was formed.Furthermore,the external specific surface area and the total specific surface area reached 81.7 m^2/g and 192.0 m^2/g,respectively,which effectively reduced the pore mass transfer resistance and significantly increased the number of acid sites.The results of n-dodecane hydroisomerization revealed that the Pt/SAPO-11 prepared with the novel method exhibited higher catalytic activity and better hydroisomerization selectivity than that synthesized by the conventional hydrothermal method.Thus,the small particle molecular sieve showed a promising industrial application prospect to be used as catalyst support.

导向剂法制备SAPO-11分子筛及其加氢异构化性能

采用导向剂法在模板剂用量减半的条件下成功合成小晶粒介孔SAPO-11分子筛。对合成分子筛的晶体结构、形貌、孔结构和酸类型进行表征。以长链烷烃正十二烷作为反应原料,考察Pt负载量为0. 5(wt)%的SAPO-11分子筛的加氢异构化反应性能。结果表明,将模板剂使用量减半合成的SAPO-11分子筛晶粒尺寸约为3μm,介孔比表面积为113. 3m^2/g,介孔孔容为0. 328m^3/g,异构烃收率达到65. 31%。

Facile synthesis of nanostructured LiFePO_4/C cathode material for lithium-ion batteries

Nanostructured LiFePO4/C cathode material was prepared by FePO4·2H2O/C precursor by in situ restriction reaction.The synthesized LiFePO4/C cathode material presents a narrow distribution of nano-sized particles and exhibits an excellent electrochemical property with various rates.The facile synthesis route for the preparation of nano-sized LiFePO4 material has the particular advantage of simple synthesis process and low synthesis cost.