Mechanism of Shuizhi(Hirudo nipponica Whitman)for chronic kidney disease based on network pharmacology

Background:The network pharmacology method was adopted in this study to explore the mechanism of Shuizhi(Hirudo nipponicaWhitman)for chronic kidney disease(CKD).Method:Firstly,we obtained relative compounds of Shuizhibased on the TCMSP database,BATMAN-TCM database,and Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database(TCMID)and collected potential targets of these compounds by target fishing.Then we built the pancreatic neoplasms target database by GeneCards.Based on the matching results between Shuizhipotential targets and CKD targets,we built a Protein-protein interaction(PPI)network to analyze the interactions among these targets.Then the network diagram of disease target interaction was constructed to screen the hub targets of the drug and diseaseinteraction diagram by topology.Cytoscape-ClueGene Ontology(GO)was used to carry out GO analysis of the nuclear target,and the Cluster profiler of R language to carry on the related pathway enrichment of the nuclear target.Result:In this study,22 active components and 147 predicted targets of Leech,3,587 CKD-related targets,and 100 intersection targets were screened out.A total of 172 enrichment results were obtained by GO enrichment analysis of intersection targets,including 101 biological processes,20 cell compositions,and 51 molecular structures.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis revealed 96 items related to the treatment of CKD,among which,AGE/RAGE,MAPK,HIF-1,VEGF,PI3K/Akt,AND NF-Kappa B were six hub pathways.Conclusion:Shuizhimolecular mechanisms can be predicted through the network pharmacology,including genipinic acid,genioisidic acid,gardenoside,and enoxaparin is likely to be the main material foundation for the treatment of CKD.Through the targeted effects of inflammatory and vascular growth factors,AGE/RAGE,MAPK,HIF-1,VEGF,PI3K/Akt,and other pathways,multiple targets and multiple ways to illustrate the mechanism of Shuizhi,delay the process of the development of CKD.