Factors associated with the clinical outcomes of adult cardiac and non-cardiac origin cardiac arrest in emergency departments: a nationwide retrospective cohort study from China

Cardiac arrest(CA)is one of the most common causes of death.[1-3]Despite extensive studies on the management of CA,the global survival rate in adults is only approximately 7%,and 30-day survival is even less than 2%in China.[4]Some studies have shown that CA patients of cardiac and non-cardiac origin may differ in underlying diseases,clinical manifestations,and prognosis,which leads to diff erences in terms of the pathophysiological mechanism and treatment measure.[5,6]However,little is known about the risk factors in relation to the prognosis of CA across arrest etiologies.

Treatment of hyperkalemic emergencies

Hyperkalemic emergency(HE)refers to life-threatening hyperkalemia consisting of a high serum potassium level with severe complications(e.g.,dysrhythmias,cardiac arrest,or myopathy).^([1])Hyperkalemic emergencies(HEs)are commonly encountered(2%–3%)in the emergency department(ED).^([2,3])

Photonic spin Hall effect in PT symmetric metamaterials

We proposed and demonstrated that PT symmetric metamaterials could be used to achieve enhanced spin Hall effect(SHE)of light.We find that when laser mode is excited in PT symmetric system,the enhanced SHE could be obtained in both transmitted and reflected beams.In addition,as exceptional points(EPs)of PT symmetric system can happen for both p-and s-polarizations,the enhanced SHE of reflected light can function for both horizontally and vertically polarized incident beams.Particularly,these EPs can lead to unidirectional reflectionlessness,asymmetric SHE with maximum contrast ratio of 48 is obtained by launching light beams near EPs.Our work opens up a new path to obtain enhanced transverse displacement for both reflected and transmitted light and enables more opportunities in manipulating photonic SHE.

Negative refraction based on purely imaginary metamaterials

By introducing a new mechanism based on purely imaginary metamaterials （PIMs）, we reveal that bidirectional negative refraction and planar focusing can be obtained using a pair of PIM slabs, over- coming the unidirectional limit in parity-time （PT）-symmetric systems. Compared with PT-symmetric systems, which require two different types of materials, the proposed negative refraction can be realized using two identical media. In addition, asymmetric excitation with bidirectional total transmission is observed in our PIM system. Therefore, a new way to realize negative refraction with properties that are unavailable in PT-symmetrie systems is presented.

Controllably asymmetric beam splitting via gap-induced diffraction channel transition in dual-layer binary metagratings

In this work,we designed and studied a feasible dual-layer binary metagrating,which can realize cotrollable asymetrie transmission and beam splitting with nearly perfect performance.Owing to ingenious geometry configuration,only one meta-atom is required to design for the metagrating system.By simply controlling air gap between dual-layer metagratings,high-eficiency beam splitting can be well switched from asymmetrie tranmission to sy mmetric tranmission.The working principle lies on gap-induced dffraction channel transition for ineident waves from opposite direetions.The asymmetric/symmetric transmission can work in a certain frequency band and a wide incident range.Compared with previous methods using acoustie metasurfaces,our approuch has the advantages of simple design and tumnable property and shows promise for applications in wavefront manipulation,noise control and one-way propagation.