Self-assembly synthesis of LAPO4 hierarchical hollow spheres with enhanced photocatalytic CO2-reduction performance

Urchin-like LaPO4 hollow spheres were successfully synthesized by a facile solution route using citric acid （CA） as a structure-directing agent. The size of the three-dimensional （3D） hollow spheres was tuned by changing the concentration of CA. The formation mechanism of the 3D LaPO4 hollow spheres was revealed by studying the time-dependent morphology evolution process. Importantly, compared with monodispersed one-dimensional （1D） LaPO4 nanorods, the 3D LaPO4 hollow spheres self-assembled from nanorods showed a 6.8-fold enhancement in photocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction, which is attributed to the synergistic effect of their hierarchical hollow structure, higher light-harvesting capacity, and faster electron transfer. Our findings provide not only a simple, facile method for the synthesis of hierarchical hollow micro/nanoarchitectures but also an efficient route for enhancing the photocatalytic performance.

Growth,serum biochemical parameters,salinity tolerance and antioxidant enzyme activity of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)in response to dietary taurine levels

This study evaluated the effect of dietary taurine levels on growth,serum biochemical parameters,salinity adaptability,and antioxidant activity of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss).Four diets were formulated with taurine supplements at 0,0.5,1,and 2%w/v(abbreviated as To,T05,Tt,and T2,respectively).Rainbow trouts(initial weight of 80.09±4.72 g)were stocked in tanks(180 L capacity),and were fed these diets for six weeks and subsequently underwent salinity acclimation.Physiological indicators were determined before salinity acclimation at 1,4,7,and 14 days afterwards.Results showed that there were no significant differences in growth performance(final mean weight ranged from 182.35 g to 198.48 g;percent weight gain was between 127.68%and 147.92%)of rainbow trout in freshwater stage,but dietary taurine supplement significantly increased serum-free taurine content.After entering seawater,the Na+-K+-ATPase activity of T2 group returned to its freshwater levels,and the serum cortisol content was significantly higher than To and To 5 groups.At the end of this experiment,the liver superoxide dismutase activity in the To and To 5 groups was significantly lower than in the Tj and T2 groups,and the liver catalase in the To group was the lowest whereas that in the T2 group was the highest.Muscle malondialdehyde content was the highest in the To group,and the lowest in the T2 group.Based on the results of this study,supplement of dietary taurine(0.5-2%)enhanced the salinity tolerance in rainbow trout,which increased with the higher taurine concentration.