FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)in Photosensitive Type Chrysanthemum Accelerates Flowering in Arabidopsis

FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)is an important factor for integrating flowering signals through the photoperiod pathway,which significantly promotes flowering.Most chrysanthemum varieties are short-day plants,sensitive to the photoperiod,which limits their ornamental and annual production supply.In this study,we aim to analyze the nutrients and flowering-related genes of chrysanthemums with different photoperiod types and to clone and verify the function of the flowering-related gene CmFT.We found that the formation of floral buds requires the accumulation of starch while consuming soluble sugars and the expression patterns of flowering-related genes GIGANTEA(GI),CONSTANS(CO),and FT in C.morifolium‘Zilian’and C.morifolium‘Zihongtuogui’had a certain synchronization during floral buds differentiation according to our quantitative validation,and the expression levels of CmGI,CmCO and CmFT in C.morifolium‘Zihongtuogui’were higher than those in C.morifolium.‘Zilian’in the later stage of differentiation.CmFT was cloned from photosensitive chrysanthemums-C.morifolium‘Zihongtuogui’and polypeptide alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that CmFT was clustered in FT-like subfamily.In further functional verification,we obtained two Arabidopsis transgenic lines.Our results showed that CmFT transgenic ft mutant lines can significantly accelerate flowering in Arabidopsis.Thus,we can initially confirm that CmFT plays an important role in promoting flowering,which may be the key reason for the photosensitivity of C.morifolium‘Zihongtuogui’.Overall,the results of this study are of great importance in revealing the flowering mechanism of different photoperiod types of chrysanthemums.

Positive regulatory role of R2R3 MYBs in terpene biosynthesis in Lilium‘Siberia’

Terpenoids are the main components contributing to the fragrance of Lilium‘Siberia’,and LiTPS2 plays a critical role in the biosynthesis of monoterpenoids.Although the major terpene synthases in Lilium‘Siberia’have been identified,how these TPS genes are transcriptionally regulated remains elusive in this distinguished flower.This study aimed to identify transcription factors that regulate the terpene synthesis in Lilium,and disclose the related underlying transcriptional regulation mechanism.In this study,we identified three R2R3-MYB TFs—LiMYB1,LiMYB305 and LiMYB330,which were involved in regulating the biosynthesis of terpenes in Lilium‘Siberia’.Quantitative real-time PCR showed spatial and temporal expression patterns consistent with the emission patterns of terpene compounds.When LiMYB1,LiMYB305 and LiMYB330were overexpressed in flowers,the release of some main monoterpenes,such as linalool and ocimene,as well as the expression of TPS genes,especially for LiTPS2,were enhanced.A virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)assay showed that silencing these three LiMYBs decreased the level of monoterpenes by down-regulating the expression of the TPS genes.The yeast one-hybrid and transient expression assays indicated that all three LiMYBs could bind to and activate the promoter of LiTPS2.Moreover,the yeast two-hybrid assay verified that LiMYB1 could interact with LiMYB308 and LiMYB330,indicating their synergistic roles in the regulation of floral terpene biosynthesis.In general,these results indicated that LiMYB1,LiMYB305,and LiMYB330 might play essential roles in terpene biosynthesis in Lilium and would provide a new perspective for the transcriptional regulation of volatile terpenes in flowers.

Cryosphere evapotranspiration in the Tibetan Plateau:A review

Land surface actual evapotranspiration is an important process that influences the Earth's energy and water cycles and determines the water and heat transfer in the soil-vegetation-atmosphere system.Meanwhile,the cryosphere's hydrological process is receiving extensive attention,and its water problem needs to be understood from multiple perspectives.As the main part of the Chinese cryosphere,the Tibetan Plateau faces significant climate and environmental change.There are active interaction and pronounced feedback between the environment and ETa in the cryosphere.This article mainly focuses on the research progress of ETa in the Tibetan Plateau.It first reviews the ETa process,characteristics,and impact factors of typical underlying surfaces in the Tibetan Plateau(alpine meadows,alpine steppes,alpine wetlands,alpine forests,lakes).Then it compares the temporal and spatial variations of ETa at different scales.In addition,considering the current greening of cryosphere vegetation due to climate change,it discusses the relationship between vegetation greening and transpiration to help clarify how vegetation activities are related to the regional water cycle and surface energy budget.

A predictive indicator using lender composition for loan evaluation in P2P lending

Most loan evaluation methods in peer-to-peer(P2P)lending mainly exploit the borrowers’credit information.However,the present study presents the maturity-based lender composition score,which exploits the investment capability of a group of lenders who fund the same loan,to enhance the P2P loan evaluation.More specifically,we extract lenders’profiles in terms of performance,risk,and experience by quantifying their investment history and develop our loan evaluation indicator by aggregating the profiles of lenders in the composition.To measure the ability of a lender for continuous improvement in P2P investment,we introduce lender maturity to capture this evolvement and incorporate it into the aggregation process.Our empirical study demonstrates that the maturity-based lender composition score can serve as an effective indicator for identifying loan quality and be included in other commonly used loan evaluation models for accuracy improvement.

基于次级梳的石墨烯功能化微球气体传感

光学微腔具有高品质因子和微小体积,为光学传感提供了理想平台.受限于微腔材料惰性和光源性能,基于光学微腔的高灵敏气体传感器的实现仍然是一个挑战.微腔光频梳具有等间距的频谱分量,被广泛用于大容量通信、高精密测量和光谱分析应用,已经成为通信和传感的新一代高性能光源.本文介绍了一种基于次级梳的石墨烯功能化微球气体传感器.相较于孤子态微梳,次级梳具有较高鲁棒性和更容易激发的特点,在气体传感方面展现出应用潜力.通过把次级梳的拍频作为传感探测信号,在石墨烯增敏作用下,实现了750 Hz/ppb的最大探测灵敏度和4 ppb的探测极限.该传感器保留了光频梳稳定性优势,同时避免了复杂的孤子激发和维持过程,为高性能实用化微型气体传感器的实现提供了新的技术路线.

Association between ICU quality and in-hospital mortality of V-V ECMO-supported patients—the ECMO quality improvement action(EQIA)study:a national cohort study in China from 2017 to 2019

This cohort study was performed to explore the influence of intensive care unit(ICU)quality on in-hospital mortality of veno-venous(V-V)extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)-supported patients in China.The study involved all V-V ECMO-supported patients in 318 of 1700 tertiary hospitals from 2017 to 2019,using data from the National Clinical Improvement System and China National Critical Care Quality Control Center.ICU quality was assessed by quality control indicators and capacity parameters.Among the 2563 V-V ECMO-supported patients in 318 hospitals,a significant correlation was found between ECMO-related complications and prognosis.The reintubation rate within 48 hours after extubation and the total ICU mortality rate were independent risk factors for higher in-hospital mortality of V-V ECMO-supported patients(cutoff:1.5%and 7.0%;95%confidence interval:1.05–1.48 and 1.04–1.45;odds ratios:1.25 and 1.23;P=0.012 and P=0.015,respectively).Meanwhile,the V-V ECMO center volume was a protective factor(cutoff of≥50 cases within the 3-year study period;95%confidence interval:0.57–0.83,odds ratio:0.69,P=0.0001).The subgroup analysis of 864 patients in 11 high-volume centers further strengthened these findings.Thus,ICU quality may play an important role in improving the prognosis of V-V ECMO-supported patients.

Harnessing sub-comb dynamics in a graphene-sensitized microresonator for gas detection

Since their inception, frequency combs generated in microresonators, known as microcombs, have sparked significant scientific interests. Among the various applications leveraging microcombs, soliton microcombs are often preferred due to their inherent mode-locking capability. However, this choice introduces additional system complexity because an initialization process is required. Meanwhile, despite the theoretical understanding of the dynamics of other comb states, their practical potential, particularly in applications like sensing where simplicity is valued, remains largely untapped. Here, we demonstrate controllable generation of sub-combs that bypasses the need for accessing bistable regime. And in a graphene-sensitized microresonator, the sub-comb heterodynes produce stable, accurate microwave signals for high-precision gas detection. By exploring the formation dynamics of sub-combs, we achieved 2 MHz harmonic comb-to-comb beat notes with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) greater than 50 dB and phase noise as low as – 82 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset. The graphene sensitization on the intracavity probes results in exceptional frequency responsiveness to the adsorption of gas molecules on the graphene of microcavity surface, enabling detect limits down to the parts per billion (ppb) level. This synergy between graphene and sub-comb formation dynamics in a microcavity structure showcases the feasibility of utilizing microcombs in an incoherent state prior to soliton locking. It may mark a significant step toward the development of easy-to-operate, systemically simple, compact, and high-performance photonic sensors.

Noise canceled graphene-microcavity fiber laser sensor for ultrasensitive gas detection

Optical microcavities offer a promising platform for highly efficient light–matter interactions.Recently,the combination of microresonators and 2D materials in the nanoscale has further enriched the optoelectronics of microcavity geometries,spurring broad advances including lasers,nonlinear converters,modulators,and sensors.Here,we report the concept of compact dual-laser cogeneration in a graphene-microcavity fiber,which offers a way to cancel the optical common mode noises.Driven by a single 980 nm pump,orthogonally polarized laser lines are generated in a pair of degeneracy breaking modes.The two laser lines produce a heterodyne beat note at 118.96 MHz,with frequency noise down to 200 Hz~2∕Hz at 1 MHz offset,demonstrating a linewidth of 930 Hz in vacuum.This compact device enables on-line and label-free NH_(3) gas detection with high resolution,realizing a detection limit on a single pmol/L level,and a capability to quantitatively trace gas–graphene interactions.Such a combination of graphene optoelectronics and microcavity photonics demonstrates a novel physical paradigm for microlaser control and offers a new scheme for in situ chemical sensing.

拉萨河流域典型区域保护、修复、治理技术示范体系

青藏高原是世界屋脊、亚洲水塔,是地球第三极,是我国重要的生态安全屏障[1],是地球上最独特的地质-地理-生态单元,是开展地球与生命演化、圈层相互作用及人地关系研究的天然实验室[2].近50年,青藏高原自然与社会环境发生了剧烈变化,气候变暖幅度约是同期全球平均值的2倍[3],是全球变暖背景下环境变化不确定性最大的地区。

Biochemical sensing in graphene-enhanced microfiber resonators with individual molecule sensitivity and selectivity

Photonic sensors that are able to detect and track biochemical molecules offer powerful tools for information acquisition in applications ranging from environmental analysis to medical diagnosis.The ultimate aim of biochemical sensing is to achieve both quantitative sensitivity and selectivity.As atomically thick films with remarkable optoelectronic tunability,graphene and its derived materials have shown unique potential as a chemically tunable platform for sensing,thus enabling significant performance enhancement,versatile functionalization and flexible device integration.Here,we demonstrate a partially reduced graphene oxide(prGO)inner-coated and fiber-calibrated Fabry-Perot dye resonator for biochemical detection.Versatile functionalization in the prGO film enables the intracavity fluorescent resonance energy transfer(FRET)to be chemically selective in the visible band.Moreover,by measuring the intermode interference via noise canceled beat notes and locked-in heterodyne detection with Hz-level precision,we achieved individual molecule sensitivity for dopamine,nicotine and single-strand DNA detection.This work combines atomic-layer nanoscience and high-resolution optoelectronics,providing a way toward high-performance biochemical sensors and systems.

Electrically controllable laser frequency combs in graphene-fibre microresonators

Laser frequency combs emitting ultrafast pulses of light,at equidistantly discrete frequencies,are cornerstones of modern information networks.In recent years,the generation of soliton combs in microcavities with ultrahighquality factors has established microcombs as out-oflaboratory tools.However,the material and geometry of a laser cavity,which determine comb formation,are difficult to electrically tune.Such dynamic control can further enrich the diversity of comb outputs and help to actively stabilize them.

Quality metrics and outcomes among critically ill patients in China:results of the national clinical quality control indicators for critical care medicine survey 2015-2019

Background:It is crucial to improve the quality of care provided to ICU patient,therefore a national survey of the medical quality of intensive care units(ICUs)was conducted to analyze adherence to quality metrics and outcomes among critically ill patients in China from 2015 to 2019.Methods:This was an ICU-level study based on a 15-indicator online survey conducted in China.Considering that ICU care quality may vary between secondary and tertiary hospitals,direct standardization was adopted to compare the rates of ICU quality indicators among provinces/regions.Multivariate analysis was performed to identify potential factors for in-hospital mortality and factors related to ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP),catheter-related bloodstream infections(CRBSIs),and catheter-associated urinary tract infections(CAUTIs).Results:From the survey,the proportions of structural indicators were 1.83%for the number of ICU inpatients relative to the total number of inpatients,1.44%for ICU bed occupancy relative to the total inpatient bed occupancy,and 51.08%for inpatients with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores≥15.The proportions of procedural indicators were 74.37%and 76.60%for 3-hour and 6-hour surviving sepsis campaign bundle compliance,respectively,62.93%for microbiology detection,58.24%for deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis,1.49%for unplanned endotracheal extubations,1.99%for extubated inpatients reintubated within 48 hours,6.38%for unplanned transfer to the ICU,and 1.20%for 48-hour ICU readmission.The proportions of outcome indicators were 1.28‰for VAP,3.06‰for CRBSI,3.65‰for CAUTI,and 10.19%for in-hospital mortality.Although the indicators varied greatly across provinces and regions,the treatment level of ICUs in China has been stable and improved based on various quality control indicators in the past 5 years.The overall mortality rate has dropped from 10.19%to approximately 8%.Conclusions:The quality indicators of medical care in China’s ICUs are heterogeneous,which is reflected in geographic disparities and grades of hospitals.This study is of great significance for improving the homogeneity of ICUs in China.

The "Chinese Mode" of organ donation and transplantation:moving towards the center stage of the world

Since the success of the first organ transplantation in 1954,millions of patients with fatal organ failure have been rescued by this advanced technology in medicine.

HDL quality features revealed by proteome–lipidome connectivity are associated with atherosclerotic disease

Lipoprotein,especially high-density lipoprotein(HDL),particles are composed of multiple heterogeneous subgroups containing various proteins and lipids.The molecular distribution among these subgroups is closely related to cardiovascular disease(CVD).Here,we established high-resolution proteomics and lipidomics(HiPL)methods to depict the molecular profiles across lipoprotein(Lipo-HiPL)and HDL(HDL-HiPL)subgroups by optimizing the resolution of anion-exchange chromatography and comprehensive quantification of proteins and lipids on the omics level.Furthermore,based on the Pearson correlation coefficient analysis of molecular profiles across high-resolution subgroups,we achieved the relationship of proteome–lipidome connectivity(PLC)for lipoprotein and HDL particles.By application of these methods to high-fat,high-cholesterol diet-fed rabbits and acute coronary syndrome(ACS)patients,we uncovered the delicate dynamics of the molecular profile and reconstruction of lipoprotein and HDL particles.Of note,the PLC features revealed by the HDL-HiPL method discriminated ACS from healthy individuals better than direct proteome and lipidome quantification or PLC features revealed by the Lipo-HiPL method,suggesting their potential in ACS diagnosis.Together,we established HiPL methods to trace the dynamics of the molecular profile and PLC of lipoprotein and even HDL during the development of CVD.