Analysis of the Effect of Limb Rehabilitation Therapy Combined with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Therapy on Muscle Activity in Patients with Upper Limb Dysfunction After Cerebral Infarction

Objective:To analyze the effect of limb rehabilitation therapy combined with transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy on muscle activity in patients with upper limb dysfunction after cerebral infarction(CI).Methods:320 patients with upper limb dysfunction after CI were selected,all of whom were treated in our hospital between June 2021 and June 2023.They were randomly grouped according to the lottery method into the control group(limb rehabilitation therapy,160 cases)and the intervention group(transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy+limb rehabilitation therapy,160 cases).The upper limb function scores,neuro-electrophysiological indicators,daily living ability scores,and quality of life scores of the two groups were compared.Results:Compared with the control group,upper limb function scores and daily living ability scores in the intervention group were higher after treatment,and the neuro-electrophysiological indicators of the intervention group were lower after treatment(P<0.05).Conclusion:Transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy combined with limb rehabilitation therapy has significant effects in patients with upper limb dysfunction after CI and is worthy of promotion and application.

浆膜腔积液转移性乳腺癌17例细胞病理学特征及分子分型分析

目的:探讨浆膜腔积液转移性乳腺癌的细胞病理学特征、分子分型及临床预后。方法:回顾性分析2016年4月至2023年9月苏州大学附属苏州九院2例、苏州大学附属第一医院15例浆膜腔积液诊断转移性乳腺癌的病例,分析其细胞病理形态学特征、分子分型改变,并进行预后观察。结果:浆膜腔积液转移性乳腺癌细胞病理形态学特征为:1)浸润性导管癌:一种为细胞呈巢团状或彩球样结构,核质比增高,核膜不规则,胞质可见黏液空泡;另一种为细胞呈平铺状,单个散在分布,大小形态不一,细胞核增大,核质比增高;2)浸润性小叶癌:细胞散在分布,大小形态较一致,细胞核形态相对规则,但核质比增高。17例乳腺癌中,有6例分子分型发生转变,其中1例从Luminal A型转变成三阴型,1例从Luminal B型转变成HER-2过表达型,4例从Luminal B型转变成三阴型。结论:根据浆膜腔积液的细胞病理形态学特征,结合免疫细胞化学染色和荧光原位杂交染色(FISH)分析,对判断肿瘤细胞组织来源及分子分型具有重要意义,可为临床精准治疗和判断预后提供重要的依据。

基于“产出导向法”的大学英语教学设计与实践——以《新视野大学英语》第二册“A Test of True Love”为例

以《新视野大学英语》第二册第四单元A Test of True Love为例,根据教材使用选、调、改、增的理念,补充了该故事的另外两个版本:Appointment with Love和Valentine Story。结合产出导向法教材使用有效性标准的评价指标,预设了本课的产出总目标:学生能够编写一个约会故事(注意故事发展的阶段,约会的心理活动描写,约会对象的外貌描写)。依据产出导向法的输出驱动、输入促成和产品评价环节设计并实施教学。学生反馈、学生课堂表现以及输出产品显示:产出导向法对学生课堂参与的积极性、学生的获得感,学生书面语言的输出方面有一定的促进作用。

Experimental studies on the energy dissipation of bolted structures with frictional interfaces:A review

Bolted joints play a more and more important role in the structure with lighter weight and heavier load.This paper aims to provide an overview of different experimental approaches for the dynamic behavior of structures in the presence of bolted joints,especially the energy dissipation or damping at frictional interfaces.The comprehension of energy dissipation mechanisms due to friction is provided first,while the key parameters and the measurement techniques,such as the excitation force,the preload of the bolt,or the pressure at the interfaces,are briefly introduced.Secondly,the round-robin systems aim to measure the hysteresis parameters of the frictional joints under tangential loads are reviewed,summarizing the basic theory and the strategies to apply the excitation force or acquire the response in different testing systems.Followed by parameter identification strategies for bolted structures,the test rigs with one or more simplified bolted joints are summarized to give an insight into the understanding of typical characteristics of bolted structures,which are affected by the presence of friction.More complex test rigs hosting real-like or actual engineering structures with bolted lap or flange joints are also introduced to show the identification process of the dynamic characteristics of bolted connections employed in specific applications.Based on the review paper,researchers can get the basic knowledge about the experimental systems of the bolted structures,especially several classical round robin systems,such as the Gaul resonator and widely used Brake-Reußbeam system.Readers can take advantage of this background for more creative and effective future studies,make more progress on the study of assembled structures and understand the influence of bolting frictional connections on the dynamic response better.

Protein-based biomaterials for combating viral infections:Current status and future prospects for development

The outbreak of viral infections are serious threat to human life and health.However,there remains to be a lack of effective treatments and prophylactic measures against some viral infections.Additionally,there are numerous challenges in developing vaccines and antiviral drugs(e.g.,antibodies and protein inhibitors),such as low immunogenicity of vaccines,difficulties in storing vaccines,instability and easy degradation of protein drugs,and lack of drug selectivity.Protein-based biomaterials can interact with antiviral drugs or vaccines to achieve synergistic or enhanced effects,making them a promising antiviral tool with many advantages.Silk fibroin has the potential to stabilize liquid vaccines at room temperature.Elastin-like polypeptide modification can improve the stability and yield of virus-neutralizing antibodies.Drugs in combination withβ-casein or serum albumin(SA)has good prospects in treating human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infections.Moreover,the greatest value of SA as a protein-based antiviral material lies in its ability to target the liver and macrophages.In the future,combination with SA(direct conjugation or encapsulation with drugs)may be a better treatment strategy for viral hepatitis and HIV infections because it leads to fewer adverse reactions.In addition,selfassembling protein nanoparticles(SApNPs)are found to improve vaccine immunogenicity.The combination of multiple viral immunogens and multiple SApNPs produces different promising vaccine candidates,thus highlighting the value of SApNPs.This review aimed to discuss the current status and future prospects for the development of protein-based biomaterials to combat viral infections.

Nonlinear interval analysis of rotor response with joints under uncertainties

The dynamic influence of joints in aero-engine rotor systems is investigated in this paper.Firstly,the tangential stiffness and loss factor are obtained from an isolated lap joint setup with dynamic excitation experiments.Also,the influence of the normal contact pressure and the excitation level are examined,which revel the uncertainty in joints.Then,the updated Thin Layer Elements(TLEs)method with fitted parameters based on the experiments is established to simulate the dynamic properties of joints on the interface.The response of the rotor subjected to unbalance excitation is calculated,and the results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.Meanwhile,using the Chebyshev inclusion function and a direct iteration algorithm,a nonlinear interval analysis method is established to consider the uncertainty of parameters in joints.The accuracy is proved by comparison with results obtained using the Monte-Carlo method.Combined with the updated TLEs,the nonlinear Chebyshev method is successfully applied on a finite model of a rotor.The study shows that substantial attention should be paid to the dynamical design for the joint in rotor systems,the dynamic properties of joints under complex loading and the corresponding interval analysis method need to be intensively studied.

Investigation on nonlinear lateral-torsional coupled vibration of a rotor system with substantial unbalance

Substantial unbalance may be caused by fan blade off during the operation period of gas turbine engines,and related dynamic problems are very critical to the safety design of rotor system in aero-engine.This article aims to understand lateral-torsional coupled vibration of the rotor system with substantial unbalance.The governing equation of a modified unbalanced rotor system is established based on Lagrangian approach.Then,a mathematical analytical method is proposed in which a linear approximation is derived and the Floquet theory and Hill’s method are incorporated,from which the modal characteristics of the unbalanced rotor are obtained.The modal characteristics of the unbalanced rotor system are revealed comprehensively for the first time.Furthermore,the relation between the modes and responses of the unbalanced rotor is discussed in detail.The results show that the lateral vibration and torsional vibration of the unbalanced rotor are coupled through the inertial terms in the governing equations.Due to the coupling,veering and lock-in phenomena occur between the frequencies of the forward whirl mode and the torsional mode.Furthermore,lock-in can lead to a kind of principal instability.With regard to the response of the unbalanced rotor,both natural vibration components and enforced vibration components appear in the lateral response,while only natural vibration components appear during torsional vibration.Moreover,natural vibration components play a crucial role in the response within the principal instability region and cause divergence of the vibration amplitudes in the lateral and torsional directions.

Interval analysis of rotor dynamic response based on Chebyshev polynomials

Uncertainty is extensively involved in the rotor systems of rotating machinery, which may cause an unstable vibrational response. To take the uncertainty into consideration for the uncertain rotor-bearing system, an improved unified interval analysis method based on the Chebyshev expansion is established in this paper. Firstly, the Chebyshev Interval Method(CIM) to calculate not only the critical speeds but also the dynamic response of rotor with uncertain parameters is introduced. Then, the numerical investigation is carried out based on the developed double disk rotor model and computation procedure, and the results demonstrate the validity. But when the uncertainty is sufficiently large to influence critical speeds, the upper and lower bounds are far from the actual bounds. In order to overcome the defects, a Bound Correction Interval analysis Method(BCIM) is proposed based on the Chebyshev expansion and the modal superposition. In use of the improved method, the bounds of the interval responses, especially the upper bound,are corrected, and the comparison with other methods demonstrates that the higher accuracy and a wider application range.

Application of complex nonlinear modes to determine dry whip motion in a rubbing rotor system

Dry whip motion is an instability of rubbing rotor system and may cause catastrophic failures of rotating machinery.Up to now,the related mechanisms of the dry whip is still not well understood.This paper aims to build the relationship between the complex nonlinear modes and the dry whip motion,and propose an effective method to predict the response characteristics and existence boundary of the dry whip through complex nonlinear modes.For the first time,the paper discusses how to use the complex nonlinear modes to predict the dry whip systematically,and as a consequence,the mechanism of the relationship between the complex nonlinear mode and the dry whip is revealed.The results show that the Backward Whirl(BW)mode motion of the rubbing rotor system dominates the response characteristics and the existence boundary of dry whip.The whirl amplitude and whirl frequency of dry whip are equal to the modal amplitude and modal frequency of the BW mode at the jump up point where the modal damping is equal to zero.The existence boundary corresponds to the critical rotation speed where the minimum of the modal damping of the BW mode motion is exactly equal to zero.Moreover,the proposed nonlinear modal method in this article is very effective for the prediction of dry whip of the more complicated practical rotor system,which has been verified by applying the predicted method into a rubbing rotor test rig.

Integrated hetero-nanoelectrodes for plasmon-enhanced electrocatalysis of hydrogen evolution

Hetero-nanostructures of plasmonic metals and semiconductors have attracted increasing attention in the field of photocatalysis.However,most of the hetero-nanostructured catalysts are randomly arranged and therefore require comprehensive structural design for optimizing their properties.Herein,we report the robust construction of hierarchical hetero-nanostructures where gold(Au)nanorods and molybdenum disulfide(Mo S_(2))quantum sheets(QSs)are integrated in highly ordered arrays.Such construction is achieved through porous anodic alumina(PAA)template-assisted electrodeposition.The as-fabricated hetero-nanostructures demonstrate exciting electrocatalysis towards hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Both plasmon-induced hot-electron injection and plasmonic scattering/reabsorption mechanisms are determinative to the enhanced electrocatalytic performances.Notably,broadband photoresponses of HER activity in the visible range are observed,indicating their superiority compared with random systems.Such integrated hetero-nanoelectrodes could provide a powerful platform for conversion and utilization of solar energy,meanwhile would greatly prompt the production and exploration of ordered nanoelectrodes.

Fishbone-like platinum-nickel nanowires as an efficient electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation

Platinum(Pt)-based electrocatalyst with low Pt content and high electrocatalytic performance is highly desired in fuel cell applications.Herein,we demonstrated that platinum-nickel(Pt-Ni)nanowires with an average composition of PtNi3 and a fishbone structure can be readily synthesized and used as an efficient electrocatalyst toward methanol oxidation reaction(MOR).The PtNi3 fishbone-like nanowires(PtNi3-FBNWs)present features such as richer Pt on the surface than in the bulk,high-index facets on the rough surface,and polyhedral facets at the ends of side chains.Such compositional and structural features could be determinative to the enhanced performance in the electrocatalysis of MOR.Compared with commercial 20%Pt/carbon black(Pt/C),the specific activity and mass activity of the PtNi3-FBNWs are enhanced by approximately 4.76 and 3.02 times,respectively.The stability of electrocatalysis is significantly improved as well.Such comprehensive enhancement indicates that the PtNi3-FBNWs would be a promising candidate toward MOR in fuel cells.

A review of the application of nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease(CKD)poses a great burden to global public health as current therapies are generally ineffective.Early detection and effective therapy are crucial for the future prevention and progression of CKD.Nanoparticles(NPs)vary by particle size,charge,shape and the density of targeting ligands and are associated with enhancement of the pharmacokinetic properties,targetability,or the bioavailability of drugs.Thus,the emergence of NPs in medicine has provided novel solutions to the potential diagnosis and treatment of CKD.This review describes the current experimental research,clinical applications of NPs,the current challenges,and upcoming opportunities in the diagnosis and treatment of CKD.

High cycle fatigue failure with radial cracks in gears of aero-engines

The gears in aero-engines perform energy and motion transfer between the HighPressure Rotor(HPR)and accessories.Firstly,an occurred fault with radial cracks in the driven gear disk was diagnosed as High Cycle Fatigue(HCF)failure through necessary examinations.Analysis of fault tree and test signals indicated that the fracture was relevant to the swing vibration of the driven gear excited by the unbalance excitation on HPR.Secondly,a corresponding mechanism model was established,in which the gear meshing effect was considered,with lateral and swing vibration mode.The Governing Equations(GEs)and the Finite Element Model(FEM)were established and verified.Then,the modal shapes,harmonic response,and transient response were analyzed,indicating that the swing vibration of the driven gear could be significantly excited by the unbalance on HPR,which induced the cracks in the driven gear disk to extend radially.Furthermore,influences of factors on the unbalance response were obtained,in which the unbalance response appeared local minimum points and maximum points.Meanwhile,1#and 2#bearing stiffness had rather significant influences on the response.Thus it is efficient to modify them to achieve vibration control.

Dynamic behavior of aero-engine rotor with fusing design suffering blade off

Fan blade off（FBO） from a running turbofan rotor will introduce sudden unbalance into the dynamical system,which will lead to the rub-impact,the asymmetry of rotor and a series of interesting dynamic behavior.The paper first presents a theoretical study on the response excited by sudden unbalance.The results reveal that the reaction force of the bearing located near the fan could always reach a very high value which may lead to the crush of ball,journal sticking,high stress on the other components and some other failures to endanger the safety of engine in FBO event.Therefore,the dynamic influence of a safety design named ‘‘fusing＂ is investigated by mechanism analysis.Meantime,an explicit FBO model is established to simulate the FBO event,and evaluate the effectiveness and potential dynamic influence of fusing design.The results show that the fusing design could reduce the vibration amplitude of rotor,the reaction force on most bearings and loads on mounts,but the sudden change of support stiffness induced by fusing could produce an impact effect which will couple with the influence of sudden unbalance.Therefore,the implementation of the design should be considered carefully with optimized parameters in actual aero-engine.

Applications of structural efficiency assessment method on structural-mechanical characteristics integrated design in aero-engines

In the design process of advanced aero-engines,it is necessary to carry out an effective analysis method between structural features and mechanical characteristics for a better structural optimization.Based on the structural composition and functions of aero-engines,the concept and contents of structural efficiency can reflect the relation between structural features and mechanical characteristics.In order to achieve the integrated design of structural and mechanical characteristics,one quantitative analysis method called Structural Efficiency Assessment Method(SEAM)was put forward.The structural efficiency coefficient was obtained by synthesizing the parameters to quantitatively evaluate the aero-engine structure design level.Parameterization method to evaluate structural design quality was realized.After analyzing the structural features of an actual dual-rotor system in typical high bypass ratio turbofan engines,the mechanical characteristics and structural efficiency coefficient were calculated.Structural efficiency coefficient of high-pressure rotor(0.43)is higher than that of low-pressure rotor(0.29),which directly shows the performance of the former is better,there is room for improvement in structural design of the low-pressure rotor.Thus the direction of structural optimization was pointed out.The applications of SEAM shows that the method is operational and effective in the evaluation and improvement of structural design.

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of improved EGFR targeting peptide-conjugated phthalocyanine photosensitizers for tumor photodynamic therapy

Phthalocyanine（Pc） is one of the most promising photosensitizer candidates because of its strong absorption（extinction coefficient ε > 10;LmoI;cm;） at long wavelengths and strong singlet oxygen generation abilities（a singlet oxygen quantum yield of approximately 50%）. However, low tumor targeting, low water solubility and a high tendency to aggregate appear to significantly restrict the compound’s application in tumor treatment. Conjugating Pc with peptide ligands could be a useful strategy for alleviating these problems. Here, to further optimize the structures of peptide-conjugated zinc Pcs for PDT therapy, we finely tuned the hydrophilicity of the modified Pc aromatic macrocycle with varied length of polyethylene glycol（PEG） and added an extra PEG linker and an extra glutamic acid between the Pc ring and the peptide ligand to reduce the influence of the ligand on the Pc aromatic ring.Among the synthesized conjugates, Pc-3 showed greatly improved targeting towards tumors and abolished inoculated tumors with only a single PDT treatment in a subcutaneous xenograft tumor model,making this approach a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer.

Study on dynamic stiffness of supporting structure and its influence on vibration of rotors

The dynamic response of the rotor depends on not only itself but also the dynamical characteristics of the structures that support it. In this paper, the coupling vibration characteristics of the rotor and supporting structure are studied using one simple rotor-supports model firstly, and then the dynamic stiffness of the typical supporting structure of an aero-engine is investigated in use of both numerical and experimental methods. While, one simulation strategy is developed to include dynamic stiffness of realistic supports in the dynamical analysis of the rotor system. The simulated and tested results show that the dynamic stiffness of the supporting structure not only depends on the structural parameters but also is related to the frequency of the excitation force. The dynamic stiffness is affected by the damping and inertia effect when the excitation frequency is high and closed to the resonance frequency of the support, which may decrease the dynamic stiffness sharply.More resonance frequencies may be induced and the critical speed could be reduced or increased.While higher vibration response peak and overload of the bearing may also be caused by the varied dynamic stiffness, which needs to be avoided in the design of the rotor-supports system.