Federated double DQN based multi-energy microgrid energy management strategy considering carbon emissions

Multi-energy microgrids(MEMG)play an important role in promoting carbon neutrality and achieving sustainable development.This study investigates an effective energy management strategy(EMS)for MEMG.First,an energy management system model that allows for intra-microgrid energy conversion is developed,and the corresponding Markov decision process(MDP)problem is formulated.Subsequently,an improved double deep Q network(iDDQN)algorithm is proposed to enhance the exploration ability by modifying the calculation of the Q value,and a prioritized experience replay(PER)is introduced into the iDDQN to improve the training speed and effectiveness.Finally,taking advantage of the federated learning(FL)and iDDQN algorithms,a federated iDDQN is proposed to design an MEMG energy management strategy to enable each microgrid to share its experiences in the form of local neural network(NN)parameters with the federation layer,thus ensuring the privacy and security of data.The simulation results validate the superior performance of the proposed energy management strategy in minimizing the economic costs of the MEMG while reducing CO_2 emissions and protecting data privacy.

1994年至2020年我国孕产妇死胎发生率的Meta分析

目的系统评价并描述我国1994年1月至2022年5月间孕产妇死胎率(Stillbirth rate)及不同地区孕产妇中死胎率的总体估计,为进一步降低死胎发生率采取因地制宜的围产期管理策略提供支持和依据。方法计算机检索4大主流高质量英文数据库(即PubMed、Cochrane library、Web of Science、EMBASE)及4大中文核心数据库(中国知网,中国生物医学文献数据库、维普及万方数据库),搜集建库至2022年4月30日发表的有关我国孕产妇人群死胎(包含死产)率的队列及横断面研究,采用STATA 16.0软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入200篇文献,合计纳入研究的总样本量22455289例。Meta分析结果显示,我国死胎发生率为6‰[95%CI(6‰,7‰)]。亚组分析显示,不同地区孕产妇死胎率之间存在差异(χ^(2)=392.00,P<0.001)。西部地区孕产妇人群死胎率最高为9‰[95%CI(8‰,9‰)]。其次是中部地区为8‰[95%CI(6‰,9‰)],最后是东部和东北地区为6‰[95%CI(6‰,6‰),(5‰,7‰)]。前10 a(1994年至2005年)、后10 a(2006年至2016年)及最近3 a(2017年至2020年)我国孕产妇死胎率之间存在差异(χ^(2)=302.00,P<0.001)。1994年至2005年的死胎率为8‰[95%CI(7‰,8‰)],高于2006年至2016年的死胎率,为6‰[95%CI(5‰,6‰)],最近3 a(2017年至2020年)的死胎率最低,为5‰[95%CI(4‰,6‰)]。结论1994年至2020年间我国孕产妇死胎率为6‰,西部地区死胎率较高为9‰。1994年至2020年间前后10 a及最近3 a的死胎率呈下降趋势。

Clinical Study of Acupuncture Combined with Emotional Intervention in Patients with Post-Stroke Depression

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of acupuncture combined with emotional intervention in patients with post-stroke depression(PSD).Methods:A total of 100 patients with PSD who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into an experimental group(50 cases)and a control group(50 cases)using the random number table method,and the enrollment was in order of admission time.The control group used conventional treatment of oral antidepressant Deanxit tablets(0.5 mg flupenthixol+10 mg melitracen)with the dose appropriately adjusted according to the patient’s medication effect,and modern rehabilitation treatment given selectively according to the patient’s condition.The experimental group had similar treatment as the control group with the addition of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)acupuncture combined with emotional intervention.The application effects of both groups before and after treatment were verified using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(Ham-D),National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS),and Activities of Daily Living(ADL),serotonin levels were measured,and statistical analyses were carried out.Results:The total effective rate of patients in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group,and the Ham-D score,NIHSS score,ADL score,and serotonin level after treatment were significantly higher than those in the control group,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:For patients with PSD,adding TCM acupuncture with emotional intervention on top of conventional treatment significantly improve the clinical efficacy and better improve the daily life ability of patients.

Differentiation of neuron-like cells from mouse parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells

Parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells have pluripotent differentiation potentials, akin to fertilized embryo-derived embryonic stem cells. The aim of this study was to compare the neuronal differentiation potential of parthenogenetic and fertilized embryo-derived embryonic stem cells. Before differentiation, karyotype analysis was performed, with normal karyotypes detected in both parthenogenetic and fertilized embryo-derived embryonic stem cells. Sex chromosomes were identified as XX. Immunocytochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR detected high expression of the pluripotent gene, Oct4, at both the mRNA and protein levels, indicating pluripotent differentiation potential of the two embryonic stem cell subtypes. Embryonic stern cells were induced with retinoic acid to form embryoid bodies, and then dispersed into single cells. Single cells were differentiated in N2 differentiation medium for 9 days. Immunocytochemistry showed parthenogenetic and fertilized embryo-derived embryonic stem cells both express the neuronal cell markers nestin, ~lll-tubulin and myelin basic protein. Quantitative real-time PCR found expression of neuregenesis related genes （Sox-1, Nestin, GABA, Pax6, Zic5 and Pitxl） in both types of embryonic stem cells, and Oct4 expression was significantly decreased. Nestin and Pax6 expression in parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells was significantly higher than that in fertilized embryo-derived embryonic stem cells. Thus, our experimental findings indicate that parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells have stronger neuronal differentiation potential than fertilized embryo-derived embryonic stem cells.

Bi-level Multi-leader Multi-follower Stackelberg Game Model for Multi-energy Retail Package Optimization

In the competitive energy market,energy retailers are facing the uncertainties of both energy price and demand,which requires them to formulate reasonable energy purchasing and selling strategies for improving their competitiveness in this market.Particularly,the attractive multi-energy retail packages are the key for retailers to increase their benefit.Therefore,combined with incentive means and price signals,five types of multi-energy retail packages such as peak-valley time-of-use(TOU)price package and day-night bundled price package are designed in this paper for retailers.The iterative interactions between retailers and end-users are modeled using a bi-level model of stochastic optimization based on multi-leader multi-follower(MLMF)Stackelberg game,in which retailers are leaders and end-users are followers.Retailers make decisions to maximize the profit considering the conditional value at risk(CVaR)while end-users optimize the satisfaction of both energy comfort and economy.Besides,a distributed algorithm is proposed to obtain the Nash equilibrium of above MLMF Stackelberg game model while the particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm and CPLEX solver are applied to solve the optimization model for each participant(retailer or end-user).Numeral results show that the designed retail packages can increase the overall profit of retailers,and the overall satisfaction of industrial users is the highest while that of residential users is the lowest after game interaction.

Rational hapten design and establishment of broad-spectrum indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for benzimidazoles monitoring in milk

Objectives Benzimidazoles(BZs)are commonly used for the treatment of soil-transmitted helminth infections in veterinary clinics;however,misuse and overdosing of BZs will cause residual problems and have the potential to damage human health through the food chain.Thus,the existence of BZs in foods needs more attention.This study aims to establish a broad-spectrum immunoassay for rapid detection and to simultaneously monitor BZs in milk.Materials and Methods Based on structure analysis,a‘zero epitope loss’strategy,which introduced a spacer arm into the imino group of the imidazole ring of albendazole,was first adopted for hapten modification to obtain an ultra-sensitive and broad-spectrum antibody.An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(icELISA)was established for the detection of 18 BZs in milk sample with a single-step pretreatment.A quantitative structure–activity relationship model was constructed to interpret and predict the recognition.Results The antibody could recognize 20 BZs and the half-inhibitory concentrations ranged from 0.054 to 417.58 ng/mL,the limits of detection of icELISA ranged from 0.4 to 89.4 ng/mL,and the mean recovery rates ranged from 76.49%to 120.40%,with a coefficient of variation<20%.Substituent R1 of BZs was considered to be the main influencing factor for recognition,and the comparative molecular field analysis model(q2=0.724,r2=0.998)was finally chosen for further prediction.Conclusions The results indicated that the established icELISA could simultaneously identify 18 BZs,with good accuracy and precision,which was suitable for rapid detection of BZs in milk.

Microtubes with gradient decellularized porcine sciatic nerve matrix from microfluidics for sciatic nerve regeneration

Long-range peripheral nerve defect is a severe and worldwide disease.With the increasing development of tissue engineering,the excellent ability of nerve extracellular matrix(ECM)in peripheral nerve injury(PNI)has been widely studied and verified.Here,we present a novel microtube that contains gradient decellularized porcine sciatic nerve ECM hydrogel(pDScNM-gel)from microfluidics for sciatic nerve regeneration.The pDScNM is confirmed to enhance cell proliferation and migration,and improve the axon growth of primary dorsal root ganglions(DRGs)in a concentration-related manner.These behaviors were also achieved when cells were co-cultured in a gradient pDScNM microtube.The in vivo sciatic nerve regeneration and functional recovery were also demonstrated by assembling the gradient pDScNM microtubes with a medical silicon tube.These results indicated that the microtubes with gradient pDScNM could act as a promising alternative for repairing peripheral nerve defects and showed great potential in clinical use.

Generation mechanism and motion behavior of sliver defect in single crystal Ni-based superalloy

Sliver is a common but easily neglected defect in single crystal Ni-based superalloy castings.To date,there is still no unified viewpoint on its formation mechanism and generation causes.In this work,the orientation discontinuity and motion behavior of sliver defects were studied through experiments and numerical simulations.The ultrathin wedge-shaped specimen containing the grain boundary of the sliver and the matrix was prepared at the initial position of the sliver defect for the observation of equal thick-ness fringes.The discontinuity of equal thickness fringes on both sides of the grain boundary was ob-served through a transmission electron microscope,which directly confirms the abrupt change in the orientation between the sliver and matrix from the nanoscale.The crystal lattices at the smooth area and the bulging area of the grain boundary were found to have unusually different arrangements.The irregular lattice arrangement at the bulging area shows that the grain boundary has experienced high-stress deformation.Statistical results of sliver orientation deviation with a further composition analysis show the micro protuberance of the mold shell has a noticeable inductive effect on the sliver generation.Furthermore,a self-developed three-dimensional phase-field simulation model coupled with the spatial topology algorithm is established to simulate the orientation deflection behavior and orientation devia-tion threshold of fractured dendrites.The simulation results indicated that there is an upper limit of the cross-section solid fraction at the fracture position for the motion of the fractured dendrites.When the cross-section solid fraction at the fracture position is higher than this upper limit,it will be difficult to produce large deviation slivers due to the structural limitation of surrounding dendrites.This upper limit does not change with the solidification temperature gradient.

黄连素对小鼠S-180移植瘤的抑制作用

[目的]利用S-180荷瘤小鼠及细胞研究黄连素抑制肿瘤的作用及分子机制。[方法]利用免疫组织化学染色、WST1实验、流式细胞术及Real-timePCR等技术,检测黄连素抑制S-180肉瘤细胞的作用及机制。[结果]体内实验结果表明黄连素组生存时间明显延长(P<0.05),抑瘤率为25.19%,肿瘤直径(2.11±0.39)显著小于对照组(2.48±0.20),磷酸化组蛋白H3及CyclinD1阳性细胞数目明显降低(P<0.05)。体外实验结果表明黄连素可以抑制S-180细胞的生长,并诱导凋亡(P<0.05),Real-timePCR结果表明,黄连素组C-myc、CyclinD1、Bcl-2及FAS表达水平降低,Caspase-1及PGC-1α表达水平升高(P<0.05)。[结论]黄连素在体内水平抑制S-180荷瘤小鼠肿瘤的增殖,延长生存时间,在体外水平抑制S-180细胞的生长并诱导凋亡,黄连素通过调控增殖、凋亡及代谢等相关基因发挥抗肿瘤作用。

Effects of scanning speed on microstructure in laser surface-melted single crystal superalloy and theoretical analysis

Scanning speed is a critical parameter for laser process, which can play a key role in the microstruc- ture evolution of laser melting. In the laser melting of single crystal superalloy, the effects of scanning speed were investigated by experimental analysis and computational simulation. The laser was scanning along [710] direction on （001） surface in different speeds. Solidification microstructures of dendrites growth direction and the primary dendritic spacing were analyzed by metallograph. Besides, a planar interface during solidification was taken into attention, Experiment results indicated that the primary dendritic spacing and thickness of planar interface decrease with the increase of speed. Through simu- lation, distribution of dendrites growth velocity and thermal gradient along dendrite growth direction were calculated, and the simulation of dendrites growth direction agreed with the experiment results. Additionally, a constant value was acquired which can be used to predict the primary dendritic spacing. Moreover, according to curve-fitting method and inequality relation, a model was proposed to predict the thickness of planar interface.

Amelioration of weld-crack resistance of the M951 superalloy by engineering grain boundaries

Fusion weld is a portable and economical joining and repairing method of metals.However,weld cracks often occur during the fusion weld of Ni-base superalloys,which hinder the applications of fusion weld on this kind of materials.In this work,the effects of microstructures of grain boundaries(GBs)of the prototype M951 superalloy on its weldability were investigated.The precipitated phases,the elemental segregations on GBs,and the morphologies of GBs can be largely altered by regulating the cooling rates of pre-weld heat treatments.With decreasing the cooling rate,chain-like M_(23)X_(6)phase precipitates along the GBs,accompanying segregations of B,and GBs becomes more serrated in morphology.During fusion weld,the engineered GBs in the M951 superalloy with a low cooling rate favor the formation of the continuous liquid films on GBs,which together with the serrated GB morphology significantly prevents the formation of weld cracks.Our findings imply that the weld-crack resistance of the superalloys can be ameliorated by engineering GBs.

Effect of thermal exposure on the microstructure and creep properties of a fourth-generation Ni-based single crystal superalloy

The effect of thermal exposure on microstructure and creep properties of a fourth-generation nickelbased single crystal superalloy was investigated.The thermal exposure of samples after the full heat treatment was carried out at 1000℃,1100℃ and 1140℃ for 100 h and 200 h.The γ’ coarsening,γ’ rafting and γ channel widening were observed in samples after thermal exposure.When the thermal exposure time was constant,the morphology of γ’ phase in the alloy evolved significantly with increasing aging temperature.The interracial dislocation networks in aged samples after creep ruptured gradually became irregular and sparse with the increase of exposure temperature.When the higher exposure temperature was used,enla rgement of the defect pores was observed in samples,the microcracks were more likely to initiate and propagate at the corner of these pores.After aging at 1000℃ for 100 h,the creep life at 1140℃/137 MPa was slightly longer than that of heat-treated sample,which could be attributed to the slightly coarsened γ’ phase,homogenization of refractor elements.In contrast,the creep life of sample exposed at 1140℃ for 100 h was greatly decreased.The decrease of creep life was dominated by the rafting of γ’phase,the irregular interfacial dislocation networks as well as the enlargement of homogenization pores.

M CrAlY/TaC Metal Matrix Composite Coatings Produced by Electrospark Deposition

MCrAlY/TaC metal matrix composite coatings with 10, 20 and 30 wt.% TaC have been successfully produced by electrospark deposition （ESD）. The effects of TaC content on microstructure, hardness and oxidation behavior of the composite coatings were studied. The results showed that the composite coatings were composed of superfine 9＇ columnar dendrite and large TaC particles dispersedly distributed. The hardness was enhanced but oxidation resistance of the composite coatings was reduced with increasing TaC contents.

Quantifying the Influences of Carbides and Porosities on the Fatigue Crack Evolution of a Ni-Based Single-Crystal Superalloy using X-ray Tomography

The detrimental effects of carbides and porosity on the fatigue crack initiation and propagation of nickel-based single-crystal superalloys have been reported by many previous studies.However,few studies have quantitatively compared the fatigue damaging effects of carbides and pores on the fatigue crack evolution.In this study,a high-resolution X-ray computed tomography(XCT)characterization of a DD5 nickel-based single-crystal superalloy during fatigue test was performed.The evolution of carbides,pores and cracks at all stages was observed and tracked.In order to quantify the 3D microstructures,a new damage factor that correlates the morphology of fracture surface with crack evolution behaviors was proposed.It was found that porosity was more detrimental than carbides in crack initiation and propagation during fatigue tests.Furthermore,pore spacing has been found to be the most significant factor among all controlling pore characteristics in the crack initiation stage and sphericity is the most critical pore characteristic in the crack propagation stage.Therefore,by statistically analyzing the evolution of carbides and pores during fatigue tests in this study,the underlying fatigue cracking mechanism of nickel-based superalloys is revealed.

Influence of Ta/Al ratio on the microstructure and creep property of a Ru-containing Ni-based single-crystal superalloy

Two alloys with different Ta and Al contents were applied to study the influence of Ta/Al ratio on the microstructural evolution and creep deformation under high temperature.The increase of Ta/Al ratio made theγ/γ'lattice misfit more negative and enhanced the volume fraction ofγ'phase,which produced cubic and smallγ'phase in the initial microstructures.These initial tinyγ'phases impeded the dislocations movement and delayed the course of complete raftedγ'phase during the origination of creep deformation,which prolonged the time of the primary creep stage.Moreover,the increase of Ta/Al ratio and addition of Ru produced the denser and stable dislocation networks,the high APB energy and better solution strengthening,which hindered the climbing and sliding of dislocations,and restrained the formation of superdislocations in theγ'precipitate.The second creep stage was extended,and the minimum creep rate was reduced.Hence,the increase of whole creep life of the alloy containing high Ta/Al ratio was attributed to the prolongation of the primary and second creep stages,and the low minimum creep rate.The appearance of the topological inversion phenomenon during the tertiary creep stage was the primary cause for the sudden increase of the creep strain rate of the alloy containing low Ta/Al ratio.However,the high creep strain rate of the alloy containing high Ta/Al ratio during the tertiary creep stage was related to the occurrence and extending of the cracks near the voids.Both alloys would lose efficacy within 20 h-30 h.

Evolution of TCP Phase During Long Term Thermal Exposure in Several Re-Containing Single Crystal Superalloys

The application and component designs of single crystal superalloys are restricted by the precipitation of topologically closed packed(TCP)phases,which can deteriorate the microstructural stability of the alloys severely.Limited researches concerning the type and morphology evolution of TCP phases under elevated temperature conditions have been reported previously.In the present work,three Re-containing single crystal alloys were designed to investigate TCP phase evolution via long term isothermal exposure tests at 1120℃while the effects of Re on the microstructural characteristic and elements segregation were also clarified.The results showed that the addition of Re increased the instability of the alloys and the volume fraction of the TCP phases exceeded 5 vol%when the Re content reached 3 wt%.The increasing Re content had also raised the precipitation temperature of TCP phases but it did not change the type of them after long term aging;all the TCP particles were identified asμphase in this study.Moreover,the elements segregation became considerably serious as Re addition increased constantly,which brought about various morphologies of theμphase in the experimental alloys.In particular,the rod-like and needle-likeμphases demonstrated the typical orientation withinγmatrix while the blockyμphase was dispersedly distributed in the space.No specific orientation relationship could be observed in theμphase when the addition of Re exceeded certain threshold value.

Distinct effects of nuclear membrane localization on gene transcription silencing in Drosophila S2 cells and germ cells

Nuclear envelope proteins have important roles in chromatin organization and signal-dependent transcriptional regulation. A previous study reported that the inner nuclear membrane protein, Otefin （Ote）, was essential for germline stem cell （GSC） maintenance via interaction with Smad complex. The interaction of Ore with the Smad complex recruits the barn locus to the nuclear periphery and subsequently results in bam transcriptional silencing, revealing that nuclear peripheral localization is essential for barn gene regulation. However, it remains unknown whether the nuclear peripheral localization is sufficient for barn silencing. To address this issue, we have established a tethering system, in which the Gal4 DNA binding domain （DBD） of the Flag：Gal4 DBD：Ote△LEM fusion protein physically interacts with the Gal4 binding sites upstream of bamP-gfp to artificially recruit the reporter gene gfp to the nuclear membrane. Our data demonstrated that the nuclear peripheral localization seemed to affect the expression of the target naked gene in S2 ceils. By contrast, in Drosophila germ cells, the nuclear membrane localization was not sufficient for gene silencing.

THE STRUCTURE-PRESERVING METHODS FOR THE DEGASPERIS-PROCESI EQUATION

This paper gives several structure-preserving schemes for the Degasperis-Procesi equation which has bi-Hamiltonian structures consisted of both complex and non-local Hamiltonian differential operators. For this sake, few structure-preserving schemes have been proposed so far. In our work, based on one of the bi-Hamiltonian structures, a symplectic scheme and two new energy-preserving schemes are constructed. The symplecticity comes straightly from the application of the implicit midpoint method on the semi-discrete system which is proved to remain Hamiltonian, while the energy conservation is derived by the combination of the averaged vector field method of second and fourth order, respectively. Some numerical results are presented to show that the three schemes do have the advantages in numerical stability, accuracy in long time computing and ability to preserve the invariants of the DP equation.

Hopf bifurcation of a tumor immune model with time delay

In this paper,a tumor immune model with time delay is studied.First,the stability of nonnegative equilibria is analyzed.Then the time delay τ is selected as a bifurcation parameter and the existence of Hopf bifurcation is proved.Finally,by using the canonical method and the central manifold theory,the criteria for judging the direction and stability of Hopf bifurcation are given.

A New Explicit Symplectic Fourier Pseudospectral Method for Klein-Gordon-Schrodinger Equation

In this paper,we propose an explicit symplectic Fourier pseudospectral method for solving the Klein-Gordon-Schr odinger equation.The key idea is to rewrite the equation as an infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian system and discrete the system by using Fourier pseudospectral method in space and symplectic Euler method in time.After composing two different symplectic Euler methods for the ODEs resulted from semi-discretization in space,we get a new explicit scheme for the target equation which is of second order in space and spectral accuracy in time.The canonical Hamiltonian form of the resulted ODEs is presented and the new derived scheme is proved strictly to be symplectic.The new scheme is totally explicitwhereas symplectic scheme are generally implicit or semi-implicit.Linear stability analysis is carried and a necessary Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy condition is given.The numerical results are reported to test the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method in long-term computing.