Fast tracking alien gene discovery by molecular markers in a late flowering Chinese cabbage-cabbage translocation line‘AT7–4'

Flowering time is an important agronomic trait of Chinese cabbage with late flowering being a primary breeding objective.In our previous work,we obtained Chinese cabbage-cabbage translocation lines that contained several beneficial cabbage genes.Cabbage-specific molecular markers show that these genes were coming from chromosome C01 of cabbage.In this study,we investigated the inheritance of flowering time in a couple of translocation lines and analyzed the transmission rate of molecular markers in the offspring.Consequently,we obtained the late flowering Chinese cabbage-cabbage translocation line‘AT7–4’in which the flowering time was later than that of‘85–1’by about 7 days under 4-week vernalization.Based on previous studies of the genomes of Chinese cabbage and cabbage,we located the cabbage-specific molecular markers that were closely linked at the top of the chromosome A01 in the F2mapping population generated by self-crossing F1s derived from a cross between the translocation line‘AT7–4’and Chinese cabbage‘14–36’.Five flowering-related genes in the alien fragment were found by functional annotation and their molecular markers were developed.This study lays the foundation for the future improvement of Chinese cabbage varieties using A-C translocation lines.

Molecular and genetic regulations of fleshy fruit shape and lessons from Arabidopsis and rice

Fleshy fruit shape is an important external quality trait influencing the usage of fruits and consumer preference.Thus,modification of fruit shape has become one of the major objectives for crop improvement.However,the underlying mechanisms of fruit shape regulation are poorly understood.In this review we summarize recent progress in the genetic basis of fleshy fruit shape regulation using tomato,cucumber,and peach as examples.Comparative analyses suggest that the OFP-TRM(OVATE Family Protein-TONNEAU1 Recruiting Motif)and IQD(IQ67 domain)pathways are probably conserved in regulating fruit shape by primarily modulating cell division patterns across fleshy fruit species.Interestingly,cucumber homologs of FRUITFULL(FUL1),CRABS CLAW(CRC)and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 2(ACS2)were found to regulate fruit elongation.We also outline the recent progress in fruit shape regulation mediated by OFP-TRM and IQD pathways in Arabidopsis and rice,and propose that the OFP-TRM pathway and IQD pathway coordinate regulate fruit shape through integration of phytohormones,including brassinosteroids,gibberellic acids,and auxin,and microtubule organization.In addition,functional redundancy and divergence of the members of each of the OFP,TRM,and IQD families are also shown.This review provides a general overview of current knowledge in fruit shape regulation and discusses the possible mechanisms that need to be addressed in future studies.

Hormones and carbohydrates synergistically regulate the formation of swollen roots in a Chinese cabbage translocation line

The genus Brassica contains a rich diversity of species and morphological types,including leaf,root,and oil crops,all of which show substantial phenotypic variation.Both Chinese cabbage and cabbage are typical leaf-type crops with normal roots.We created translocation lines based on interspecific crosses between Chinese cabbage and cabbage and identified qdh225,which exhibited a swollen-root phenotype.The swollen root of qdh225 contained a large number of granular substances,and the formation of its irregular morphological tissue was caused by a thickening of the phloem.Transcriptomic and metabolomic data suggested that differential expression of genes encoding nine types of enzymes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism caused changes in starch synthesis and degradation in the swollen root.These genes jointly regulated sucrose and starch levels,leading to significant enrichment of starch and soluble proteins in the swollen root and a reduction in the content of soluble sugars such as d-glucose and trehalose 6-phosphate.A significant increase in auxin(IAA)and abscisic acid(ABA)contents and a decrease in gibberellin(GA)content in the swollen root likely promoted the differential expression of genes associated with hormone signal transduction,thereby regulating the development of the swollen root.Taken together,our data suggest that accumulation of IAA and ABA and reduction in GA promote swollen root formation by regulating hormone-mediated signaling,leading to a thickening of phloem,root enlargement,and substantial accumulation of starch and soluble proteins.The latter provide materials,energy,and nutrient sources for the development of swollen roots.

Diagnostic Value and Safety of CT and US-Guided PTNB for Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions: A Meta-Analysis and Clinical Study

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value and safety of CT and ultrasound-guided PTNB for peripheral type of occupying lung lesions by meta-analysis and clinical study. Methods: 1) The target data of randomized controlled trials of CT and ultrasound-guided PTNB for peripheral type of occupying lung lesions were extracted by computer search of foreign PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science databases, since the establishment of the database. Cochrane quality assessment criteria were used for evaluation. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 software. 2) To retrospectively study the diagnosis rate and complication rate of patients, undergoing CT or ultrasound-guided PTNB in the First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University from January 2015 to December 2020. Results: Meta-analysis included 7 papers with a total of 1177 patients including 502 patients in the ultrasound group and 675 patients in the CT group. Meta-analysis results showed that there was no difference in the diagnosis rate of PTNB guided by ultrasound and CT. The incidence of postoperative complications was higher in the CT group than in the ultrasound group. The incidence of postoperative pneumothorax was higher in the CT group than in the ultrasound group, and there was no difference in the incidence of postoperative bleeding. 3) Clinical study results show that the puncture success rate was 100% in both of the ultrasound and CT groups, the pathological diagnosis rate was 85.48% in the ultrasound group and 91.67% in the CT group, and there was no difference in the overall complication rate between the two puncture groups. Conclusion: Either ultrasound or CT-guided PTNB is a safe and effective clinical diagnostic method for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary occupations.

High Resolution Radar Real-Time Signal and Information Processing

Radar is an electronic device that uses radio waves to determine the range, angle, or velocity of objects. Real-time signal and information processor is an important module for real-time positioning, imaging, detection and recognition of targets. With the development of ultra-wideband technology, synthetic aperture technology, signal and information processing technology, the radar coverage, detection accuracy and resolution have been greatly improved, especially in terms of one-dimensional(1D) high-resolution radar detection, tracking, recognition, and two-dimensional(2D) synthetic aperture radar imaging technology. Meanwhile, for the application of radar detection and remote sensing with high resolution and wide swath, the amount of data has been greatly increased. Therefore, the radar is required to have low-latency and real-time processing capability under the constraints of size, weight and power consumption. This paper systematically introduces the new technology of high resolution radar and real-time signal and information processing. The key problems and solutions are discussed, including the detection and tracking of 1D high-resolution radar, the accurate signal modeling and wide-swath imaging for geosynchronous orbit synthetic aperture radar, and real-time signal and information processing architecture and efficient algorithms. Finally, the latest research progress and representative results are presented, and the development trends are prospected.

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals defense responses against soft rot in Chinese cabbage

Pectobacterium carotovorum ssp.carotovorum(Pcc)is a necrotrophic bacterial species that causes soft rot disease in Chinese cabbage.In this study,plants harboring the resistant mutant sr gene,which confers resistance against Pcc,were screened from an 800 M2 population mutated by ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)and scored in vitro and in vivo for lesion size.The transcript profiles showed~512 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between sr and WT plants occurring between 6 and 12 h postinoculation(hpi),which corresponded to the important defense regulation period(resistance)to Pcc in Chinese cabbage.The downstream defense genes(CPK,CML,RBOH MPK3,and MPK4)of pathogen pattern-triggered immunity(PTI)were strongly activated during infection at 12 hpi in resistant mutant sr;PTI appears to be central to plant defense against Pcc via recognition by three putative pattern recognition receptors(PRRs;BrLYM1-BrCERK1,BrBKK1/SERK4-PEPR1,BrWAKs).Pcc triggered the upregulation of the jasmonic acid(JA)and ethylene(ET)biosynthesis genes in mutant sr,but auxins and other hormones may have affected some negative signals.Endogenous hormones(auxins,JAs,and SA),as well as exogenous auxins(MEJA and BTH),were also verified as functioning in the immune system.Concurrently,the expression of glucosinolate and lignin biosynthesis genes was increased at 12 hpi in resistant mutant sr,and the accumulation of glucosinolate and lignin also indicated that these genes have a functional defensive role against Pcc.Our study provides valuable information and elucidates the resistance mechanism of Chinese cabbage against Pcc infection.

Genetic analysis of the “head top shape” quality trait of Chinese cabbage and its association with rosette leaf variation

The agricultural and consumer quality of Chinese cabbage is determined by its shape.The shape is defined by the folding of the heading leaves,which defines the head top shape(HTS).The overlapping HTS,in which the heading leaves curve inward and overlap at the top,is the shape preferred by consumers.To understand the genetic regulation of HTS,we generated a large segregating F 2 population from a cross between pak choi and Chinese cabbage,with phenotypes ranging from nonheading to heading with either outward curving or inward curving overlapping heading leaves.HTS was correlated with plant height,outer/rosette leaf length,and petiole length.A high-density genetic map was constructed.Quantitative trait locus(QTL)analysis resulted in the identification of 22 QTLs for leafy head-related traits,which included five HTS QTLs.Bulked segregant analysis(BSA)was used to confirm HTS QTLs and identify candidate genes based on informative single-nucleotide polymorphisms.Interestingly,the HTS QTLs colocalized with QTLs for plant height,outer/rosette leaf,and petiole length,consistent with the observed phenotypic correlations.Combined QTL analysis and BSA laid a foundation for molecular marker-assisted breeding of Chinese cabbage HTS and directions for further research on the genetic regulation of this trait.

The tensor algebras of Yetter-Drinfeld module

The antipode of a Yetter-Drinfeld Hopf algebra is an anti-algebra and anti-coalgebra map is proved. It is also proved that the tensor algebra of Yetter-Drinfeld Hopf module is a Yetter-Drinfeld Hopf algebra.

The Freedom of Yetter-Drinfeld Hopf Algebras

In this paper, the fundamental theorem of Yetter-Drinfeld Hopf module is proved. As applications, the freedom of tensor and twisted tensor of two Yetter-Drinfeld Hopf algebras is given. Let A be a Yetter-Drinfeld Hopf algebra. It is proved that the category of A-bimodule is equivalent to the category of ? -twisted module.

Genome-wide development and utilization of Simple Sequence Repeats in Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa L.ssp.pekinensis)

With the complementation of whole-genome sequencing of Chinese cabbage,it is necessary to develop genome-wide Simple Sequence Repeat(SSR)markers and analyse their characteristics,which will bring a revolution in the molecular marker-assisted breeding of Chinese cabbage.In this study distribution and characteristics of SSR loci in the genome of Chinese cabbage'Chiifu'was analyzed.Finally,a total of 173,892 SSR markers that occurred in 10 chromosomes were identified,and Perfect Repeat Motifs(P type)which is a main form of SSR loci with a mean distance of 1.89 kb/SSR was identified.Among them,mono-,di-,and tri-nucleotide repeat motifs were equally distributed across chromosomes compared with tetra-,penta-,and hexa-nucleotide repeat motifs.The largest proportion of SSR loci consisted of mono-and dinucleotide repeat motifs,which accounted for 93.04%of the total SSR loci.A/T and AT/TA were the most abundant motifs,accounting for 97.61%and 64.05%of the mono-and dinucleotide repeats,respectively.Furthermore,200 SSR markers were used for the amplification of 12 Chinese cabbage germplasm,in which 30 were highly polymorphic.These SSR markers were further used for the association analyses of flowering time of 190 Chinese cabbage accessions.The results revealed that 9 and 10 alleles were associated with bolting and flowering time,respectivley.The results show that development of SSR markers is feasible and useful in marker assisted selection of Chinese cabbage.

焦炉烟道气脱硫脱硝电气设备维护

中国安钢焦化厂新建5套烟道气脱硫脱硝为5#-10#焦炉环保配套项目,其主要设备包括:卸料器、链斗机、空冷风机、助燃风机、高低温换热风机、增压风机等。该系统自2017年投运以来,为了更好地适应清洁生产,我们对其适应性的电气改造从未间断。论文从脱硫脱硝电气设备调试、运行角度出发,利用曾出现的故障处理,简要阐述焦炉烟道气脱硫脱硝电控系统。

利用实际数据反演预测地震多次波

地震多次波衰减分为多次波模拟和多次波减法两个阶段,两阶段相互关联,且都需要优化,以得到最终的理想结果。"通过反演预测多次波(MPI)"对多次波模型进行迭代更新,就像通常我们在处理线性反演问题中做的那样。我们不必清楚地知道地表和地下构造或震源信号等因素的影响就可以模拟多次波波场。在地震勘探中,这些因素的影响通常是不知道的。然而,与常规的地表多次波衰减方法相比,从运动学和动力学上多次波模型的精度得到了提高,因为MPI方法考虑到了地表反射率的空间变化、震源信号、检波器组合和接收点虚反射,也就是所谓的地表算子。当在第一阶段使用MPI法时,还有效地减少了包括没有去除和改变一次波来衰减多次波的第二阶段的非线性问题。通过海上地震的实际数据实例证明了MPI方法的效果。

Q690高强钢厚板焊后力学性能

对50、70 mm厚的高强度Q690钢板及其对接焊接件在拉伸条件下的机械性能进行了全面研究,共进行了40次拉伸试验。首先,针对母材在钢板厚度范围内的3个不同层上提取了18个圆形截面比例试样。对所有这些试样进行了拉伸试验,以获得其机械性能,并研究了它们在不同板厚上的变化。其次,在这些厚钢板之间采用不同热输入能量的埋弧焊制备焊接件。此外,还对焊接部分的典型热影响区进行了微观结构检查。对总共22个矩形截面标准试样进行了拉伸试验,以获得其机械性能,并评估和比较了这些试样的全方位变形特性,特别是其抗拉强度和断裂伸长率,以评价热输入对厚板焊接件力学性能的影响。在拉伸试验过程中,使用数字图像相关技术(DIC)观测并记录试件表面在拉伸状态下的真实应变,进一步研究热影响区对焊接件力学性能的影响。通过针对母材的试验发现,从50 mm厚Q690钢板的各层中取出的试件,其力学性能只有可忽略不计的差别,可以认定沿板厚方向,50 mm板各层之间的力学性能是均一的。而70 mm板中层取出的试件,其屈服强度与抗拉强度相较于上、下两层中的试件,各有7%与6%的折减,而断后延伸率则相差不大。对于焊接件的试验表明,相对于16 mm Q690板,焊接热输入对50、70 mm厚板的力学性能影响更小:对16 mm板焊接件热输入由1.0 kJ/mm增大至2.0 kJ/mm时,焊接件强度折减由0%增大至8%;而对于50 mm板焊接件热输入由2.4 kJ/mm增大至5.0 kJ/mm时,焊接件强度折减保持在4%左右;而对于70 mm板焊接件热输入由2.4 kJ/mm增大至5.0 kJ/mm时,焊接件强度折减保持在1%以内。可以看到对于厚板焊接件,热输入的增大引起的焊接件强度折减的波动更小,因而在厚板焊接时,可以使用更大的热输入以提高焊接效率。同时,提供了有关这些建筑用高强度钢板及其对焊部分机械性能的重要试验证据。试验证明,只要按照既定的焊接规范对焊接过程进行适当控制,这些对焊部分的机械性能几乎不会降低,甚至不降低。因此,这些厚的高强度Q690钢之间的全强度对焊型材在实践中很容易实现,与通常采用的Q355钢类似。

D型箭图的有界导出范畴的Frobenius-Perron维数

设M是D型箭图的一个不可分解表示, s是一个整数,[s]表示范畴中的平移函子.本文研究一类D型箭图的表示范畴及其有界导出范畴的不可分解表示的砖块集,给出这类D型箭图的不可分解表示M与M[s]的Frobenius-Perron维数.

四维CT血管造影-CT灌注成像评价烟雾病及烟雾综合征侧支循环及其与脑血流动力学关系的研究

目的探讨四维CT血管造影(4D CTA)-CT灌注(CTP)成像评价烟雾病及烟雾综合征患者侧支循环分级的价值及其与脑血流动力学的关系。方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2022年1月北京医院确诊为烟雾病及烟雾综合征的32例患者临床及影像资料。所有患者均接受4D CTA-CTP检查。在4D CTA图像上采用Alberta卒中项目早期CT评分, 在数字减影血管造影(DSA)图像上采用美国介入和治疗神经放射学学会/介入放射学学会侧支循环改良评分系统对患者侧支循环情况进行评分并将其分为侧支代偿Ⅰ~Ⅲ级。在CTP图像上选择基底核层面勾画兴趣区并测量各灌注参数, 包括脑血容量(CBV)、脑血流量(CBF)、平均通过时间(MTT)、达峰时间(TTP)、延迟时间(DLY)。采用Kruskal-Wallis检验比较不同侧支循环分级各灌注参数的差异, 两两比较以Bonferroni校正。采用Kappa及Spearman检验分析4D CTA和DSA对侧支循环分级的一致性和相关性。结果 4D CTA与DSA评估患者侧支循环分级的一致性中等(Kappa=0.693, P<0.001)且相关性极强(r=0.805, P<0.001)。侧支代偿Ⅰ级、侧支代偿Ⅱ级、侧支代偿Ⅲ级的CBF、MTT、TTP差异均有统计学意义(H值分别为7.91、11.69、8.93, P值分别为0.019、0.003、0.012)。进一步两两比较显示, 侧支代偿Ⅰ级的CBF低于侧支代偿Ⅲ级(P=0.015), 侧支代偿Ⅱ级MTT高于侧支代偿Ⅲ级(P=0.005), 侧支代偿Ⅰ级的TTP高于侧支代偿Ⅲ级(P=0.015), 余指标两两比较差异无统计学意义。侧支代偿Ⅰ级、侧支代偿Ⅱ级及侧支代偿Ⅲ级的CBV、DLY差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 4D CTA-CTP对烟雾病及烟雾综合征患者的侧支循环评价能力与DSA相当, 并可以全面评估脑血流动力学情况, 对病情监测具有较高的临床价值。

Promotional mechanism of activity of CeEuMnO_(x) ternary oxide for low temperature SCR of NO_(x)

Due to strong synergistic effect of the elements,a series of XEuMnO_(x) ternary oxides(X=Ce,Ni,Co,Sb,Sn,Mo) were synthesized by one-pot co-precipitation method,and composite components were identified and optimized to maintain high activity and superior SO_(2)and H_(2)O endurance in selective catalytic reduction of NO_(x)with NH_(3)(NH_(3)-SCR).NO_(x)conversion of CeEuMnO_(x) ternary oxide catalysts attains more than 90% at 100-250℃,and finally achieves 74%under existence of 50×10^(-6)SO_(2) and 10 vol% H_(2)O at 230℃.The facile electron transfer through redox cycle of Mn^(3+)+Ce^(4+)■Mn4++Ce^(3+) and enhanced oxygen mobility can promote formation of more Mn species in high oxidation state and chemisorbed oxygen,accelerating oxidation of NO and the adsorbed NO_(2) formed can facilitate"fast SCR"reaction to improve low-temperature activity.In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS)study reveals that addition of Ce to EuMnO_(x)catalyst boosts adsorption of NH_(3)and NO_(x)species.NH_(3)species are activated as crucial intermediate(NH_(2))to promote NH_(3)-SCR reaction.This research provides a novel material for practical deNO_(x)application of stationary source combustion flue gas in the future.

Multiplicative Derivations on Rank-s Matrices for Relatively Small s

In this paper,we describe multiplicative derivations on the set of all rank-s matrices of Mn(K)over a field K with a relatively small integer s.Concretely,for fixed integers n,s satisfying 1≤s≤n/2 and n≥2,we prove that if a map d:Mn(K)→Mn(K)satisfiesδ(xy)=δ(x)y+xδ(y)for any two rank-s matrices,y∈Mn(K),then there exists a derivation D of Mn(K)such thatδ(x)=D(x)for each rank-k matrix a E Mn(K)with 0≤k≤s.As an application,we prove that a multiplicative derivation on a special subset of Mn(K)must be a derivation.

Antioxidant properties of magnesium lithospermate B contribute to the cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo and in vitro

OBJECTIVE: To determine the cardioprotective effect of magnesium lithospermate B (MLB) on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury and to investigate the antioxidant potential in vivo and in vitro. METHODS: MI/R injury was induced by the occlusion of left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 3 h in rats. After reperfusion, hearts were harvested to assess infarct size, histopathological damages, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Blood samples were col- lected to determine serum levels of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), cardiac troponin (cTnI) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Furthermore, simulatedischemia/reperfusion (SI/R) injury in vitro was established by oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) for 2 h followed by 24-hour recovery period in cardiomyocytes. The activity of LDH in the cultured supernatant and the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), SOD and MDA in cardiomyocytes were also measured. Finally, cardiomyocytes apoptosis was determined with flow cytometry. RESULTS: MLB significantly limited infarct size, ameliorated histopathological damages and prevented leakage of CK-MB, cTnI and LDH. Additionally, SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH activities were notably increased by MLB, along with the MDA content decreased as compared with the model group in rats. In vitro study, MLB also decreased LDH activity in the cultured supernatant, increased SOD activity in cardiomyocytes, reduced intracellular ROS and MDA levels, and significantly suppressed cardiomyocytes apoptosis. CONCLUSION: MLB possessed remarkably cardioprotective effects on MI/R injury in vivo and in vitro. The protection of MLB may contribute to its antioxidant properties.

A Note on "Modules, Comodules, and Cotensor Products over Frobenius Algebras"

这是 Abram 的纸上的笔记“模块， Comodules，和 Cotensor Productsover Frobenius 代数学，代数学的杂志”(1999 ) 。用坐标最近由 Kadison 开发了的 Frobenius 的应用程序，一个人以 comultiplication 为 Frobeniusalgebras 有 Abram 的描述的一个直接证明(看见 L。Kadison (1999 )) 。为任何 Frobenius 代数学，由使用明确的 comultiplication，在模块的范畴和 comodules 的范畴之间的明确的通讯被获得。而且，与这，我们在对 cotensor 的角函子描述上给很简化的证明和 improveAbram 的结果函子。

Construction of a high-density mutant population of Chinese cabbage facilitates the genetic dissection of agronomic traits

Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa ssp.pekinensis)is an economically important vegetable crop throughout the world,especially in Asia.High-quality genome sequences are available for Chinese cabbage,but gene functional studies remain challenging.To promote functional genomic studies of Chinese cabbage,we generated an ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)mutant population of~8000 M_(2) plants using the double haploid inbred line A03 as the parent.The genome of A03 was sequenced and used as a reference for high-throughput functional characterization of gene mutations at the whole-genome level.A total of 300 M_(2) to M_(5) EMS mutants were phenotypically screened and then sequenced,revealing 750629 SNPs and 46272 InDel mutations that cover 98.27%of all predicted genes in the A03 genome.A forward-genetics approach was successfully used to identify two genes with chloroplast-related functions that are responsible for the yellow leaf mutant trait.A reverse-genetics approach was also used to identify associations between mutations in five genes of the glucosinolate biosynthetic pathway and variations in glucosinolate content of the mutant plants.In addition,we built the Chinese cabbage EMS mutation database(CCEMD,www.bioinformaticslab.cn/EMSmutation/home)to increase the usability of this mutant population resource.In summary,we performed large-scale screening of a heading Chinese cabbage EMS mutant collection at the phenotypic and genotypic levels,which will facilitate gene mining of Chinese cabbage and might also be useful for the study of other Brassica crops.