Bipolar disorder is characterised by recurrent and alternating episodes of mania/hypomania and depression.Current breakthroughs in functional MRI techniques have uncovered the functional neuroanatomy of bipolar disord...Bipolar disorder is characterised by recurrent and alternating episodes of mania/hypomania and depression.Current breakthroughs in functional MRI techniques have uncovered the functional neuroanatomy of bipolar disorder.However,the pathophysiology underlying mood instability,mood switching and the development of extreme mood states is less well understood.This reviewpresents a comprehensive overviewof current evidence from functional MRI studies from the perspective of mood states.We first summarise the disrupted brain activation patterns and functional connectivity that have been reported in bipolar disorder,irrespective of the mood state.We next focus on research that solely included patients in a single mood state for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder and research comparing patients with different mood states to dissect mood state-related effects.Finally,we briefly summarise current theoretical models and conclude this review by proposing potential avenues for future research.A comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology with consideration of mood states could not only deepen our understanding of how acute mood episodes develop at a neurophysiological level but could also facilitate the identification of biological targets for personalised treatment and the development of new interventions for bipolar disorder.展开更多
Nowadays,end fitting corrosion reduces the mechanical strength and flashover voltage of insulators,forming a huge threat to high‐voltage direct current transmission lines.At present,the parameters of electrolytic cor...Nowadays,end fitting corrosion reduces the mechanical strength and flashover voltage of insulators,forming a huge threat to high‐voltage direct current transmission lines.At present,the parameters of electrolytic corrosion inhibition measures are selected based on the premise of the constant annual corrosion rate.However,with the development of corrosion,corrosion products accumulate on the insulator surface,which may impact the corrosion rate.In order to clarify the influence of corrosion products,this work studied how corrosion products influence the corrosion rate from the corrosion phenomenon,corrosion current,feature and formation of corrosion products.The results showed that corrosion products of iron and zinc were excellent in adhesion on the insulator surface and could not be cleaned by rain,which was able to increase the corrosion rate.In future,in the selection of the quality of the zinc ring bonded on insulator fittings,there will be a demand to consider the influence of corrosion products on the corrosion rate.展开更多
基金the National Key Technology R&D Program(2015BA/13B01)Beijing National Science Foundation(7222236)+1 种基金Capital Health Research and Development of Special Fund(2022-1-4111)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071528,82171529,82271569,82371530).
文摘Bipolar disorder is characterised by recurrent and alternating episodes of mania/hypomania and depression.Current breakthroughs in functional MRI techniques have uncovered the functional neuroanatomy of bipolar disorder.However,the pathophysiology underlying mood instability,mood switching and the development of extreme mood states is less well understood.This reviewpresents a comprehensive overviewof current evidence from functional MRI studies from the perspective of mood states.We first summarise the disrupted brain activation patterns and functional connectivity that have been reported in bipolar disorder,irrespective of the mood state.We next focus on research that solely included patients in a single mood state for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder and research comparing patients with different mood states to dissect mood state-related effects.Finally,we briefly summarise current theoretical models and conclude this review by proposing potential avenues for future research.A comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology with consideration of mood states could not only deepen our understanding of how acute mood episodes develop at a neurophysiological level but could also facilitate the identification of biological targets for personalised treatment and the development of new interventions for bipolar disorder.
基金supported by the Young Innovative Talents in Higher Education of Guangdong(NO.6020210025K).
文摘Nowadays,end fitting corrosion reduces the mechanical strength and flashover voltage of insulators,forming a huge threat to high‐voltage direct current transmission lines.At present,the parameters of electrolytic corrosion inhibition measures are selected based on the premise of the constant annual corrosion rate.However,with the development of corrosion,corrosion products accumulate on the insulator surface,which may impact the corrosion rate.In order to clarify the influence of corrosion products,this work studied how corrosion products influence the corrosion rate from the corrosion phenomenon,corrosion current,feature and formation of corrosion products.The results showed that corrosion products of iron and zinc were excellent in adhesion on the insulator surface and could not be cleaned by rain,which was able to increase the corrosion rate.In future,in the selection of the quality of the zinc ring bonded on insulator fittings,there will be a demand to consider the influence of corrosion products on the corrosion rate.
