Effects of Electric and Magnetic Treatments on Microstructures of Solid Metals: A Review

An external electric or magnetic field can transfer high-intensity energy directly to the electronic scale of materials,and change the spin,energy level arrangement and trajectory of electrons.These changes produce tremendous and profound impacts on the microstructure and mechanical properties of metal materials,which may be impos-sible with traditional technologies.This paper reviews the effects of electric or magnetic field on the microstruc-tures of solid metals including phase transformation,precipitation,recrystallization,dislocations and so on.Based on the existing research results,the mechanisms of these effects have been discussed.Additionally,some typical applications of electric and magnetic treatments on solid metals have been described and the challenges in this field have also been discussed.

Relationship of Post-Stroke Aphasic Types with Sex, Age and Stroke Types

Aim: To explore what is the relationship of the types of post-stroke aphasia with sex, age and stroke types. Methods: Retrospective analysis was administrated on data of 421 patients with acute stroke. Western battery aphasia was used to measure aphasiac type and aphasia quotient (AQ) score. The patients were divided into three age groups: young, middle-aged and elderly. The stroke types were classified into cerebral infraction (CI) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Results: All subjects were right-handed, which males and females accounted for 69.60% and 30.40%, respectively. There were 116 cases of Broca’s aphasia (85 males), 35 cases of Wernicke’s aphasia (20 males), 15 cases of conductive aphasia (10 males), 63 cases of transcortical motor aphasia (50 males), 11 cases of transcortical sensory aphasia (8 males), 27 cases of transcortical combined aphasia (13 males), 73 cases of anomic aphasia (47 males) and 81 cases of global aphasia (60 males). Male patients (69.60%) have a significantly higher morbidity of aphasia than that of females (30.40%) after stroke (χ2 = 11.57, P = 0.003), especially those under 65 years old (73.38%). For people 65 years and older, the morbidity of female (42.97%) tends to increase with age. Sex has no significant influence on the types of aphasia (χ2 = 13.84, P = 0.054). Broca’s aphasia is the most common type inboth male and female (29.01%, 24.22%, respectively). The distribution of aphasic types has no obvious difference among three age groups (χ2 = 14.94, P= 0.382). Aphasia induced by CI (306 cases) is more common than that by ICH (115 cases), but there was no difference in distribution of types of aphasia (χ2 = 13.23, P = 0.067). Conclusions: Male patients have a significantly higher level of morbidity of aphasia than females after stroke and a lower average age of onset than females. Broca’s aphasia is the most common one in both male and female. Broca’s aphasia, global and anomic aphasia are the most common aphasic types in both CI and ICH patients, except the female with ICH.

三联预康复策略在退行性脊柱侧弯患者围术期的应用效果

目的:研究并分析三联预康复策略对退行性脊柱侧弯患者围术期的运动功能、营养状况和心理状况康复的影响。方法:纳入2019年1月至2022年12月于我院脊柱外科就诊的107例退行性脊柱侧弯患者为研究对象,试验组患者采用三联预康复策略,对照组患者采用常规护理策略。所有患者均于入院、手术前1 d、出院当天记录视觉模拟评分法视觉模拟评分(VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、自我心理状态评分(SDS),于入院及出院当天记录患者健康调查简表(SF-36)评分,同时记录术前、术后1 d及出院当天血红蛋白、白蛋白及总蛋白数值。结果:试验组和对照组入院、术前及出院时VAS评分及ODI指数进行重复测量设计的方差分析,结果显示VAS评分与ODI评分不同组别间差异无统计学意义,不同时间点间差别有统计学意义(P<0.05),组别与时间点间存在交互作用,进一步分析单独效应,入院和术前两组差别无统计学意义,出院时两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),对照组及试验组各时间点间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者满意度比较,试验组患者表现出更高的满意度(P<0.05);两组SF-36评分进行重复测量设计的方差分析显示不同组别间差异无统计学意义,不同时间点间除生理职能外差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),组别与时间点间躯体疼痛、一般健康状况有交互作用,其余维度无交互作用。对照组在生理机能、躯体疼痛、精力、社会功能、情感职能、精神健康维度各时间点间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),试验组在生理机能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、一般健康状况、精力、社会功能、情感职能、精神健康和健康变化维度各时间点间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者接受不同的处理策略的主效应有差别,不同组别的护理策略主效应有差别。患者入院时、术后即刻、出院时血红蛋白、总蛋白及白蛋白含量重复测量设计的方差分析显示不同组别间差异无统计学意义,不同时间点间差别均有统计学意义(P<0.05),除血红蛋白外组别与时间点间有交互作用,对照组及试验组各时间点间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。患者入院及出院SAS及SDS评分经重复测量设计的方差分析显示不同组别间差异无统计学意义,不同时间点间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),SDS评分组别与时间点间有交互作用。对照组及试验组各时间点间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组患者接受不同处理策略的主效应有差别,不同组别的护理策略主效应有差别。结论:三联预康复策略综合护理对退行性脊柱侧弯患者术后运动功能、营养状况和心理健康的康复中具有积极意义,可在临床护理工作中进行推广应用。

Mechanism of Residual Stress Reduction in Low Alloy Steel by a Low Frequency Alternating Magnetic Treatment

Residual stress reduction in low alloy steel by a low frequency alternating magnetic treatment and its mechanism were investigated. Experimental results revealed that average stress reductions of 20%-24% were obtained in the welded samples. Moreover, compared with the zones with lower initial stress levels, more remarkable stress reductions were obtained in the stress concentration zones. The microstructures and magnetic domains were observed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and atomic force microscopy （AFM）. Based on the analysis of the microstructure and magnetic domain changes, the mechanism of stress reduction by the magnetic treatment has been concluded： （1） the magneto-plastic deformations mainly due to the more uniform redistribution of dislocations are the fundamental cause of stress relaxation; and （2） surface topography is also proved to affect the magnetic treatment results to some degree by influencing magnetic domains.

K-Theory and the Quantization Commutes with Reduction Problem

The authors examine the quantization commutes with reduction phenomenon for Hamiltonian actions of compact Lie groups on closed symplectic manifolds from the point of view of topological K-theory and K-homology. They develop the machinery of K-theory wrong-way maps in the context of orbifolds and use it to relate the quantization commutes with reduction phenomenon to Bott periodicity and the K-theory formulation of the Weyl character formula.