Simultaneous utilization of electro-generated O_(2)and H_(2)for H_(2)O_(2)production:An upgrade of the Pd-catalytic electro-Fenton process for pollutants degradation

The Electro-Fenton(EF)process is one of the promising advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)for environmental remediation.The H_(2)O_(2) yield of EF process largely determines its performance on organic pollutants degradation.Conventional Pd-catalytic EF process generates H_(2)O_(2) via the combination reaction of anodic O_(2) and cathodic H;.However,the relatively expensive catalyst limits its application.Herein,a hybrid Pd/activated carbon(Pd/AC)-stainless steel mesh(SS)cathode(PACSS)was proposed,which enables more efficie nt H_(2)O_(2)generation.It utilizes AC,the support of Pd catalyst,as part of cathode for H_(2)O_(2) generation via 2-electron anodic O_(2) reduction,and SS serve as a current distributor.Moreover,H_(2)O_(2) could be catalytically decomposed upon AC to generate highly reactive·OH,which avoids the use of Fe;.Compared with conventional Pd catalyst,H_(2)O_(2) concentration obtained by PACSS cathode is248.2%higher,the O_(2)utilization efficiency was also increased from 3.2%to 10.8%.Within 50 min,26.3%,72.5%,and 94.0%H_(2)O_(2) was decomposed by Pd,AC,and Pd/AC.Fluorescence detection results implied that Pd/AC is effective upon H_(2)O_(2) activation for·OH generation.Finally,iron-free EF process enabled by PACSS cathode was examined to be effective for reactive blue 19(RB19)degradation.After continuous running for 10 cycles(500 min),the PACSS cathode was still stable for H_(2)O_(2)generation,H_(2)O_(2)activation,and RB19 degradation,showing its potential application for organic pollutants degradation without increase in the running cost.

Magnesium-based materials in orthopaedics:material properties and animal models

As a new generation of medical metal materials,degradable magnesium-based materials have excellent mechanical properties and osteogenic promoting ability,making them promising materials for the treatment of refractory bone diseases.Animal models can be used to understand and evaluate the performance of materials in complex physiological environments,providing relevant data for preclinical evaluation of implants and laying the foundation for subsequent clinical studies.To date,many researchers have studied the biocompatibility,degradability and osteogenesis of magnesium-based materials,but there is a lack of review regarding the effects of magnesium-based materials in vivo.In view of the growing interest in these materials,this review briefly describes the properties of magnesium-based materials and focuses on the safety and efficacy of magnesium-based materials in vivo.Various animal models including rats,rabbits,dogs and pigs are covered to better understand and evaluate the progress and future of magnesium-based materials.This literature analysis reveals that the magnesium-based materials have good biocompatibility and osteogenic activity,thus causing no adverse reaction around the implants in vivo,and that they exhibit a beneficial effect in the process of bone repair.In addition,the degradation rate in vivo can also be improved by means of alloying and coating.These encouraging results show a promising future for the use of magnesium-based materials in musculoskeletal disorders.