Geography is suitable for the study of sustainability from a transdisciplinary perspective,which takes the human-land relationship as the core research.As a key obstacle to rural sustainability,poverty is an external ...Geography is suitable for the study of sustainability from a transdisciplinary perspective,which takes the human-land relationship as the core research.As a key obstacle to rural sustainability,poverty is an external manifestation of the coupling maladjustment of elements in human-land territorial systems.As the world’s largest developing country,China eradicated extreme poverty in 2020 and made significant contributions to global poverty reduc-tion.Especially over the last eight years,China has implemented a targeted poverty alleviation(TPA)strategy and has continuously promoted theoretical,organizational and institutional innovations for poverty reduction.From the perspective of geography,this paper extracts the experiences of China’s TPA strategy,represented by the"5W2H"mode.The research concludes that:(1)Precise identification,as the foundation of TPA,aims to in-troduce a registration system to obtain records of all poor households and then answer the"5W"(what,where,why,who,when)issues of the geography of poverty.(2)Precise assistance is the key of TPA,which aims to solve the issue of"how to offer help and support".The barriers to escaping poverty can be accomplished through poli-cies and measures that focus on the diverse causes of poverty and considering different situations.(3)Accurate assessments are an essential means of TPA,relevant to solve"how to measure the end of poverty alleviation",and third-party evaluations play an important role in improving the accuracy of poverty alleviation.(4)The TPA mechanism lies in reconstructing the human-land-industry structures in the impoverished areal system.It is urgent to introduce China’s successful experience and typical modes of TPA for global human-earth system coordination and sustainable development and contribute to building a community of human destiny.展开更多
The interactions among industrial development,land use/cover change (LUCC), and environmentaleffects in Changshu in the eastern coastal China wereanalyzed using high-resolution Landsat TM data in 1990,1995, 2000, and ...The interactions among industrial development,land use/cover change (LUCC), and environmentaleffects in Changshu in the eastern coastal China wereanalyzed using high-resolution Landsat TM data in 1990,1995, 2000, and 2006, socio-economic data and waterenvironmental quality monitoring data from researchinstitutes and governmental departments. Three phases ofindustrial development in Changshu were examined (i.e.,the three periods of 1990 to 1995, 1995 to 2000, and 2000to 2006). Besides industrial development and rapidurbanization, land use/cover in Changshu had changeddrastically from 1990 to 2006. This change was characterizedby major replacements of farmland by urban and ruralsettlements, artificial ponds, forested and constructed land.Industrialization, urbanization, agricultural structureadjustment, and rural housing construction were themajor socio-economic driving forces of LUCC inChangshu. In addition, the annual value of ecosystemservices in Changshu decreased slightly during 1990-2000, but increased significantly during 2000-2006.Nevertheless, the local environmental quality in Changshu,especially in rural areas, has not yet been improvedsignificantly. Thus, this paper suggests an increasedattention to fully realize the role of land supply inadjustment of environment-friendly industrial structureand urban-rural spatial restructuring, and translating theland management and environmental protection policiesinto an optimized industrial distribution and land-use pattern.展开更多
This paper aims to show the importance of land consolidation in transforming the Loess Plateau of China. The paper comprehensively analyzes how over recent decades the Grain for Green Project and Gully Land Consolidat...This paper aims to show the importance of land consolidation in transforming the Loess Plateau of China. The paper comprehensively analyzes how over recent decades the Grain for Green Project and Gully Land Consolidation Project jointly transformed the ecology and landscape of the Loess Plateau and the livelihood of its residents. The findings show that these two projects have achieved a balance between green protection, new land creation, and improved food security and livelihood of local people in the hilly areas of China. The paper points out that the successful transformation of the Plateau lies in a holistic approach incorporating various components of the human and natural systems. Finally, the paper highlights the necessity of retaining these two land consolidation projects as part of an ongoing policy in the mountain and hilly areas of China, changing agricultural management to suit the new relationship between humans and the land.展开更多
Urbanization is the inevitable outcome of socioeconomic development,especially after the industrial revolution in 1760(1).Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,the urbanization of China has mad...Urbanization is the inevitable outcome of socioeconomic development,especially after the industrial revolution in 1760(1).Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,the urbanization of China has made great progress.The speed and mass of urbanization and notably its relevant consequences,such as resource consumption and carbon emissions,has taken place in the most populous country in the world over the past three decades,which is raising increased concerns internationally(2)(Figure 1).Urbanization rate(in this article,this indicator refers to the population urbanization rate)is a common indicator of urbanization.Many international organizations(such as the World Bank,World Health Organization,Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,etc.)use urbanization as one of the important criteria for measuring productivity and economic growth in a country(1).China’s urbanization process can be described as the largest population migration in history and has also had an important impact on public health.As the national population migrates from rural to urban areas,differences in lifestyle,environmental quality,social security,and accidental injuries have all been brought about and become more and more dramatic(3).展开更多
基金This research was funded by the National Natural Science Founda-tion of China(Grant No.42071231,41931293).
文摘Geography is suitable for the study of sustainability from a transdisciplinary perspective,which takes the human-land relationship as the core research.As a key obstacle to rural sustainability,poverty is an external manifestation of the coupling maladjustment of elements in human-land territorial systems.As the world’s largest developing country,China eradicated extreme poverty in 2020 and made significant contributions to global poverty reduc-tion.Especially over the last eight years,China has implemented a targeted poverty alleviation(TPA)strategy and has continuously promoted theoretical,organizational and institutional innovations for poverty reduction.From the perspective of geography,this paper extracts the experiences of China’s TPA strategy,represented by the"5W2H"mode.The research concludes that:(1)Precise identification,as the foundation of TPA,aims to in-troduce a registration system to obtain records of all poor households and then answer the"5W"(what,where,why,who,when)issues of the geography of poverty.(2)Precise assistance is the key of TPA,which aims to solve the issue of"how to offer help and support".The barriers to escaping poverty can be accomplished through poli-cies and measures that focus on the diverse causes of poverty and considering different situations.(3)Accurate assessments are an essential means of TPA,relevant to solve"how to measure the end of poverty alleviation",and third-party evaluations play an important role in improving the accuracy of poverty alleviation.(4)The TPA mechanism lies in reconstructing the human-land-industry structures in the impoverished areal system.It is urgent to introduce China’s successful experience and typical modes of TPA for global human-earth system coordination and sustainable development and contribute to building a community of human destiny.
基金supported by the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42293271)the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41931293)the Funded Project of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M713116).
基金This work was supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KZCX2-YWQN304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40771014 and 40635029)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2007BAC03A11-01).
文摘The interactions among industrial development,land use/cover change (LUCC), and environmentaleffects in Changshu in the eastern coastal China wereanalyzed using high-resolution Landsat TM data in 1990,1995, 2000, and 2006, socio-economic data and waterenvironmental quality monitoring data from researchinstitutes and governmental departments. Three phases ofindustrial development in Changshu were examined (i.e.,the three periods of 1990 to 1995, 1995 to 2000, and 2000to 2006). Besides industrial development and rapidurbanization, land use/cover in Changshu had changeddrastically from 1990 to 2006. This change was characterizedby major replacements of farmland by urban and ruralsettlements, artificial ponds, forested and constructed land.Industrialization, urbanization, agricultural structureadjustment, and rural housing construction were themajor socio-economic driving forces of LUCC inChangshu. In addition, the annual value of ecosystemservices in Changshu decreased slightly during 1990-2000, but increased significantly during 2000-2006.Nevertheless, the local environmental quality in Changshu,especially in rural areas, has not yet been improvedsignificantly. Thus, this paper suggests an increasedattention to fully realize the role of land supply inadjustment of environment-friendly industrial structureand urban-rural spatial restructuring, and translating theland management and environmental protection policiesinto an optimized industrial distribution and land-use pattern.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China (15ZDA021)National Natural Science Foundation of China (41130748, 41301190, 41471143)
文摘This paper aims to show the importance of land consolidation in transforming the Loess Plateau of China. The paper comprehensively analyzes how over recent decades the Grain for Green Project and Gully Land Consolidation Project jointly transformed the ecology and landscape of the Loess Plateau and the livelihood of its residents. The findings show that these two projects have achieved a balance between green protection, new land creation, and improved food security and livelihood of local people in the hilly areas of China. The paper points out that the successful transformation of the Plateau lies in a holistic approach incorporating various components of the human and natural systems. Finally, the paper highlights the necessity of retaining these two land consolidation projects as part of an ongoing policy in the mountain and hilly areas of China, changing agricultural management to suit the new relationship between humans and the land.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:42071375).
文摘Urbanization is the inevitable outcome of socioeconomic development,especially after the industrial revolution in 1760(1).Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,the urbanization of China has made great progress.The speed and mass of urbanization and notably its relevant consequences,such as resource consumption and carbon emissions,has taken place in the most populous country in the world over the past three decades,which is raising increased concerns internationally(2)(Figure 1).Urbanization rate(in this article,this indicator refers to the population urbanization rate)is a common indicator of urbanization.Many international organizations(such as the World Bank,World Health Organization,Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,etc.)use urbanization as one of the important criteria for measuring productivity and economic growth in a country(1).China’s urbanization process can be described as the largest population migration in history and has also had an important impact on public health.As the national population migrates from rural to urban areas,differences in lifestyle,environmental quality,social security,and accidental injuries have all been brought about and become more and more dramatic(3).
