Identification of candidate gene for resistance to broomrape(Orobanche cumana) in sunflower by BSA-seq

Broomrape(Orobanche cumana)is one of the most important parasitic plants that drastically reduces sunflower yield.The majority of existing resistance varieties have become insufficient for crop protection.Breeding for broomrape resistance is regarded as the most effective and environmentally friendly control measure.In this paper,mapping of a resistance gene for broomrape races E was performed in a recombinant inbred line population by bulk segregate analyses(BSA)combined with genotyping by-sequencing technology.One QTL with resistance candidate genes was mapped on 5 kb interval location from 157,393,001 to 157,850,000 on chromosome 3,the other QTL was located at 5,000 bp interval location from 173,910,001 to 173,915,000 on chromosome 14.Genomic region on candidate interval of chromosome 3 revealed 6 genes with potential resistance for broomrape including transcription factor MYB1 R1,Phylloplanin,histone-lysine N-methyltransferase,methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase,fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein and fatty acid dehydrogenase.Two resistant genes on candidate interval of chromosome 14 were discovered with potential resistance for broomrape,which were ABC transporter C family member and Ethylene-responsive transcription factor.These precise locations would be valuable for selecting resistant genotypes in future.

Research Progress on the Mechanism of Crop Saline-alkali Tolerance and Mitigation Measures

The wide distribution of saline-alkali land in China is a restrictive factor for the sustainable development of agriculture.Saline-alkaline soil inhibits the growth and development of crops,reducing its yield and quality.In this article,we summarized the germination status,physiological characteristics,response mechanisms and mitigation measures of different crops under saline-alkali stress in recent years,aiming to provide important reference for the study of saline-alkali tolerance mechanism in crops,cultivation of crop varieties tolerant to salts and alkalis and improvement of the utilization rate of saline-alkali land,and put forward suggestions for future development trend of saline-alkali land crops and mitigation measures.

Breeding Technology of Sunflower Inbred Lines with Four Generations in One Year

The breeding technology of sunflower inbred lines with four generations in one year was explored through the research on the biological characteristics of sunflower itself and the breeding status of sunflower inbred lines using the young embryo culture technology,the greenhouse seedling technology and field test planting,based on sunflower field breeding and planting combined with greenhouse planting.The reasonable selection of planting sites as the core of the breeding technology of sunflower inbred lines with four generations in one year is a guarantee.Embryos can be taken 7-10 d after pollination to enter the next generation of cultivation,thus shortening the generational cultivation cycle.The establishment of a breeding method of sunflower inbred lines with four generations in one year reduces the cost of breeding and has a practical role and significance for the field of sunflower inbred line breeding technologies.

Breeding and High-yield Cultivation Techniques for Oil Sunflower New Variety"Xin Kui No.27"

This paper introduced the breeding process,characteristics,yield performance,disease resistance,quality characters,and suitable production areas of the new early-maturing oil sunflower variety"Xin Kui No.27",and summarized high-yield cultivation techniques based on large-area continuous cultivation demonstration to serve agricultural production.

A Network Coding Based Cloud Storage Scheme

With this paper, we propose a network coding based cloud storage scheme. The storage system is in the form of an m * n data array. The n columns stand for n storage nodes, which are comprised of a part of systematic nodes storing source symbols and a part of nonsystematic nodes storing parity symbols. Every row of the data array is a (n, k) systematic Maximum Distance Separable (MDS) code. A source symbol is only involved in the encoding with the unique row;it locates at and is not used by other rows. Such a design significantly decreases the complexity of encoding and decoding. Moreover, in case of single node failures, we use interference alignment to further reduce repair bandwidth. Compared to some existing cloud storage schemes, our scheme significantly reduces resource consumption on storage, update bandwidth and repair bandwidth.

Security Analysis of Subspace Network Coding

This paper analyzed the security of constant dimensional subspace code against wiretap attacks. The security was measured in the probability with which an eavesdropper guessed the source message successfully. With the methods of linear algebra and combinatorics, an analytic solution of the probability was obtained. Performance of subspace code was compared to several secure network coding schemes from the perspective of security, flexibility, complexity, and independence, etc. The comparison showed subspace code did not have perfect security, but it achieved probabilistic security with low complexity. As a result, subspace code was suitable to the applications with limited computation and moderate security requirement.

Effects of dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 on growth,immune response and acute ammonia stress tolerance of Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)fed with high or low protein diets

Aquatic animals have benefited from Bacillus subtilis-based probiotics over the past few decades.This study evaluated the effects of B.subtilis DSM 32315 probiotics as a feed additive on growth,immune response and resistance to acute ammonia challenge in Nile tilapia.Specifically,four supplemental levels(0%,0.1%,0.2%,and 0.3%)of B.subtilis probiotics were tested under two dietary protein levels(32%and28%).Five replicate tanks were randomly allotted to each dietary treatment,with each tank containing 30Nile tilapia.After 8 weeks of feeding,Nile tilapia in each tank were exposed to 43.61 mg/L of total ammonia nitrogen for 48 h.The results revealed that reducing protein levels from 32%to 28%did not affect growth performance or antioxidant capacity.However,the low protein diet tended to induce an inflammatory effect shown by increased expressions of TGF-βand IFN-γgenes(P<0.05)in the liver.The impact was alleviated by the probiotic supplementation.Compared with the non-supplemented group,0.1%probiotic supplementation remarkably increased plasma lysozyme activity,total antioxidant capacity and complement C3 and interleukin-10 mRNA levels(P<0.05)in the 28%protein diet,while higher supplementation of probiotics(0.3%)was shown to be beneficial for the high protein diet(32%).In both the dietary protein levels,0.1%supplementation of probiotics promoted the antioxidant capacity of Nile tilapia before exposure to ammonia stress but higher probiotic supplementation(0.3%)proved to be necessary under ammonia stress as evidenced by higher fish survival rate.Results exhibited that supplementation with B.subtilis probiotics had a better effect on the intestinal morphology(villi height and width)regardless of protein levels.In conclusion,dietary supplementation of B.subtilis DSM 32315probiotics at 0.1%in the low protein diet and up to 0.3%in the high protein diet showed beneficial effects on the growth,immunity,and antioxidant capacity of Nile tilapia.Under ammonia stress conditions,the higher supplementation of B.subtilis DSM 32315 probiotics at 0.3%improves stress tolerance of Nile tilapia despite the two dietary protein levels(32%;28%).

Structure,optical and electrical properties of Nb-doped ZnO transparent conductive thin films prepared by co-sputtering method

Nb-doped ZnO thin films were fabricated on glass substrates by using co-sputtering with direct-current and radio frequency magnetron sputtering.The structures,optical and electrical performances of Nb-doped ZnO thin films were investigated.The results showed that all thin films have(002)c-axis preferential orientation.The minimum resistivity of 2.12×10^(-3)Ωcm and the maximum carrier concentration of 2.39×10^(19 )cm^(-3) were obtained at the direct-current sputtering power of 10W,respectively.Nb-doped ZnO thin films have also shown high average transmittance of 89.6%,and lower surface roughness of 2.74 nm.Meanwhile,a distinct absorption edge in the ultraviolet range of 300–400 nm was observed in absorbance,the optical band gap of Nb-doped ZnO thin films illustrates an increased tendency with increasing Nb concentration.

Experiment validation of the high stability of long-term transmitted gamma photon counting of a new CdZnTe semiconductor detector and its preliminary applications

Purpose To develop a detector system with high stability in counting the detection of transmitted gamma photons,which can be applied in the area of non-destructive testing.Method We used the cadmium zinc telluride(CZT)detector with single-polarity electrodes to substitute the traditional scintillator detector and front-end read-out electronics based on our self-designed low-noise charge-sensitive amplifier.Results and conclusion The energy resolution of 662 keV from 137Cs radioactive source was improved to 1.9%,and the relative standard deviation of different total counts of transmitted photons detected decreased to 0.05%when the counts were more than 5×107,which means the impact from the statisticalfluctuation of long-term gamma photons counting will not be a main obstacle to achieving high precision in the area of non-destructive testing.The preliminary experiment of inspecting the inner gaps in the metal rodsfilled with samples also proved to have good prospects for the CZT detector in non-destructive testing.