黄杜中药漱口液对牙周病相关菌的影响及作用机理研究

探究了黄杜中药漱口液对牙周病相关菌活性的影响及作用机理。分别以牙周病相关致病菌牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas gingivalis,P. gingivalis)和益生菌食窦魏斯氏菌(Weissella cibaria,W. cibaria)为受试菌,采用微量肉汤稀释法考察黄杜中药漱口液对P. gingivalis、W. cibaria活性的影响,结果显示其对致病菌P. gingivalis具有显著的抑制作用(稳定期生长率<20%),对益生菌W. cibaria基本无抑制(稳定期生长率>80%)。通过考察细胞壁、细胞膜的完整性及能量代谢酶的活性进一步探究黄杜中药漱口液对受试菌的作用机理,结果显示,P. gingivalis胞外碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、K^(+)、核酸、蛋白质含量显著升高(P<0.01),能量代谢酶琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)活性显著下降(P<0.01),而对W. cibaria无显著影响(P>0.05)。推断出黄杜中药漱口液通过破坏致病菌P. gingivalis细胞膜、细胞壁完整性,扰乱能量代谢系统发挥抑菌作用,而对益生菌W. cibaria基本无影响,提示其可提高口腔益生菌的相对占比,改善口腔菌群,对牙周病的防治发挥积极作用。

Meta-analysis of 20 clinical,randomized,controlled trials of acupuncture for depression

OBJECTIVE： To determine the efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of depression by performing systematical reviews and meta-analysis from 20 articles of clinical, randomized, controlled studies.DATA SOURCES： A computer-based online search of PubMed Database, Chinese Biological Medicine Database （VIP database）, China Knowledge Database, and Wanfang Database was performed to search articles published between January 1999 and September 2009. DATA SELECTION： Inclusion criteria： articles published in official academic journals; articles with definite diagnostic criteria and acknowledgment; articles involving subjects with depression or depressive disorders, with no limitations to age, sex, or source; articles involving acupuncture-related therapies （including acupuncture needle, electro-acupuncture, moxibustion, abdominal acupuncture, etc.） as the primary means of intervention; articles of randomized controlled trials or involving ＂randomized controlled＂, ＂randomized grouping＂, or ＂random＂. Jadad scores were utilized to evaluate quality of included articles. Review Manage 4.2.7 software was used to evaluate efficacy of acupuncture in treating depression, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale （HAMD） score, Self-Rating Depression Scale （SDS） score, and meta-analysis were used to evaluate clinical efficacy. Meta-analysis of a fixed effect model was performed when P 〉 0.05 or P 〉 0.01 in the test for heterogeneity. Meta-analysis of the random effect model was performed when P≤0.05.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Efficacy rate, HAMD scores, and SDS scores. RESULTS： Quality evaluation of the 20 selected clinical, randomized, controlled trials demonstrated baseline equilibrium and randomness, although a considerable number of randomized studies simply mentioned ＂random＂ without describing a specific method. Therefore, the reliability of randomness was relatively low. An envelope to hide the information was not used, and proper blinding was difficult to implement due to the innate features of acupuncture. The follow-up rate was low, and reasons for dropout were not explored. Therefore, it was not possible to objectively evaluate the study results. In addition, the study did not estimate sample size; it was unclear whether the sample was truly representative of general characteristics. Meta-analysis showed that acupuncture monotherapy exhibited similar efficacy to Western medicine for treating depression： combined effect size OR = 1.66, 95% CI： 0.59 -4.65, combined effect value test： Z= 0.97, P = 0.33. Comparison of the efficacy of acupuncture combination therapy with Western medicine demonstrated a combined effect size OR = 2.46, 95% CI： 1.64-3.71 and combined effect of the value of Z= 4.32 （P 〈 0.01）, implying that there was insufficient evidence to prove a superior effect of acupuncture combination therapy over Western medicine. In terms of HAMD and SDS scores, the weighted mean difference was -2.01 and -8.68, respectively, with 95% Cl： -3.48 to 0.53, -11.21 to -6.16 （P 〈 0.01）, suggesting that acupuncture efficacy was significantly better than the control group.CONCLUSION： The efficacy of acupuncture monotherapy was similar to Western medicine for treating depression. However, efficacy of combination therapy remains uncertain due to inadequate study design （implementation of randomization and blinding, sample size estimation, and data processing methods）.

High frequency wheat regeneration from leaf tissue explants of regenerated plantlets

The specificities of tissue culture of wheat greatly limit the use of chloroplast transformation technologies in this crop. One limitation in wheat tissue culture is that it is difficult to regenerate plantlets from leaf tissue explants of regenerated plantlets, resulting in difficulty in obtaining homoplastic plants via multiple rounds of antibiotic selection of chloroplast transformants. Thus, a repeated in vitro regeneration system from leaf tissues was studied in this research. Our results showed that 2 mm leaf basal segments of the 4 cm high leaves from regenerated plantlets can give the best callus induction at present study. The best callus induction medium was Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 2 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 1 mg/L naphthalenacetic acid, which gave a callus induction rate of up to 87.2%. The optimal differentiation medium was MS basal medium supplemented with 10 mg/L silver nitrate and 1 mg/L 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid, which gave a regeneration rate up to 33.7% for the wheat lines tested. This is the first report showing that leaf basal segments of in vitro regenerated plantlets can be used for regeneration of wheat. The establishment of a repetitive regeneration system should pave the way for the development of chloroplast transformation and the plant regeneration systems starting from leaf material of in vitro regenerated wheat and other cereal crops.

Fully Convolutional Networks for Street Furniture Identification in Panorama Images

Panoramic images are widely used in many scenes,especially in virtual reality and street view capture.However,they are new for street furniture identification which is usually based on mobile laser scanning point cloud data or conventional 2D images.This study proposes to perform semantic segmentation on panoramic images and transformed images to separate light poles and traffic signs from background implemented by pre-trained Fully Convolutional Networks(FCN).FCN is the most important model for deep learning applied on semantic segmentation for its end to end training process and pixel-wise prediction.In this study,we use FCN-8s model that pre-trained on cityscape dataset and finetune it by our own data.Then replace cross entropy loss function with focal loss function in the FCN model and train it again to produce the predictions.The results show that in all results from pre-trained model,fine-tuning,and FCN model with focal loss,the light poles and traffic signs are detected well and the transformed images have better performance than panoramic images in the prediction according to the Recall and IoU evaluation.

Increased Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Activity Positively Correlates with Mortality in Heart Failure Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction:Evidence from Metabolomics

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids(EETs)have pleiotropic endogenous cardiovascular protective effects and can be hydrolyzed to the corresponding dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids by soluble epoxide hydrolase(sEH).Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF)has shown an increased prevalence and worse prognosis over the decades.However,the role of sEH activ-ity in HFpEF remains unclear.We enrolled 500 patients with HFpEF and 500 healthy controls between February 2010 and March 2016.Eight types of sEH-related eicosanoids were measured according to target metabolomics,and their correlation with clinical endpoints was also analyzed.The primary endpoint was cardiac mortality,and the secondary endpoint was a composite of cardiac events,including heart failure(HF)readmission,cardiogenic hospitalization,and all-cause mortal-ity.Furthermore,the effect of sEH inhibitors on cardiac diastolic function in HFpEF was investigated in vivo and in vitro.Patients with HFpEF showed significantly enhanced EET degradation by the sEH enzyme compared with healthy controls.More importantly,sEH activity was positively correlated with cardiac mortality in patients with HFpEF,especially in older patients with arrhythmia.A consistent result was obtained in the multiple adjusted models.Decreased sEH activity by the sEH inhibitor showed a significant effective effect on the improvement of cardiac diastolic function by ameliorating lipid disorders in cardiomyocytes of HFpEF mouse model.This study demonstrated that increased sEH activity was associated with cardiac mortality in patients with HFpEF and suggested that sEH inhibition could be a promising therapeutic strategy to improve diastolic cardiac function.Clinical trial identifier:NCT03461107(https://clini caltr ials.gov).

Genetic and biological characteristics of the globally circulating H5N8 avian influenza viruses and the protective efficacy offered by the poultry vaccine currently used in China

The H5N8 avian influenza viruses have been widely circulating in wild birds and are responsible for the loss of over 33 million domestic poultry in Europe, Russia, Middle East, and Asia since January 2020. To monitor the invasion and spread of the H5N8 virus in China, we performed active surveillance by analyzing 317 wild bird samples and swab samples collected from 41,172 poultry all over the country. We isolated 22 H5N8 viruses from wild birds and 14 H5N8 viruses from waterfowls. Genetic analysis indicated that the 36 viruses formed two different genotypes: one genotype viruses were widely detected from different wild birds and domestic waterfowls;the other genotype was isolated from a whopper swan. We further revealed the origin and spatiotemporal spread of these two distinct H5N8 virus genotypes in 2020 and 2021. Animal studies indicated that the H5N8 isolates are highly pathogenic to chickens, mildly pathogenic in ducks, but have distinct pathotypes in mice. Moreover, we found that vaccinated poultry in China could be completely protected against H5N8 virus challenge. Given that the H5N8 viruses are likely to continue to spread in wild birds, vaccination of poultry is highly recommended in high-risk countries to prevent H5N8 avian influenza.

Liuwei Dihuang, a traditional Chinese herbal formula, suppresses chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in obese rats

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and adipokine-ameliorating effects of Liuwei Dihuang （LWDH）, a traditional Chinese herbal formula, in obese rats. METHODS： After 2 weeks of acclimation with free access to regular rodent chow and water, obese-prone-caesarean-derived （OP-CD） rats were fed a modified AIN-93G diet containing 60% energy from fat. Treatment was performed twice daily by gavage feeding with 500, 1 500, or 3 500 mg/kg body weight LWDH suspended in water （n=12 rats per group）. Twelve obese-resistant-CD （OR-CD） rats were fed the atherogenic diet and gavaged with water, and served as the normal control. Blood biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and adiponectin were measured post-sacrifice and used to determine the treatment effect of LWDH and assess the suitability of OR/OP-CD rats for studying these parameters. RESULTS： After 9 weeks of treatment, LWDH lowered serum C-reactive protein （CRP） and tumour necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） levels. Serum interleukin-6 （IL-6） levels showed a tendency towards reduction, but were not significantly different from the OP-CD control. Liver superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity was increased in response to all three doses of LWDH, while the levels of reduced （GSH） and oxidized glutathione （GSSG） and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS） were unchanged. Serum adiponectin levels were increased in response to oral administration of LWDH at the dose of either 500 or 1 500 mg/kg body weight. In addition, comparisons between OR-CD and OP-CD rats revealed differential, and for some biomarkers, conflicting characteristics of high-fat diet-fed OP-CD rats in reference to obese human subjects in terms of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers and circulating adiponectin levels. CONCLUSION： The results show, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress and adiponectin-ameliorating effects of LWDH in obese rats. The suitability of the OP-JOP-CD rat model as a research tool to study inflammation, oxidative stress, and adipokine production requires further investigation.

成人淋巴反流性塑型性支气管炎的胸部CT及CT淋巴管成像表现

本研究目的为探讨淋巴反流性塑型性支气管炎(LRPB)的CT淋巴管成像(CTL)的影像学表现。回顾性分析2013年5月至2020年10月在首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院7例确诊为LRPB患者的临床特征和影像学资料。7例LRPB患者中,咳嗽和咳痰7例,伴乳糜性胸腔积液4例、小肠淋巴管扩张症和淋巴管瘤各1例。7例均显示淋巴管异常,其直接影像学征象包括气管周围管状或囊状影7例,支气管血管束增厚伴淋巴对比剂反流沉积5例;间接影像学征象主要为淋巴导管梗阻伴随的继发性改变,即胸导管和/或右淋巴导管末端梗阻7例,支气管纵隔干反流或扩张6例、锁骨下干反流或扩张3例和颈干反流或扩张1例;双肺磨玻璃影7例、双肺多发结节影6例、周围间质增厚5例、中轴间质增厚5例。其他胸部表现为"蛙卵征"3例、"铺路石征"2例和单发肉芽肿1例;纵隔异常包括后纵隔及隆突下管状影7例。本研究结果提示CTL在显示淋巴管异常反流等方面可以提供重要的诊断信息,可为本病的诊断和鉴别提供重要的影像学依据。

A prospective study (SCOPE) comparing the cardiometabolic and respiratory effects of air pollution exposure on healthy and pre-diabetic individuals

Air pollution is known to be a major risk factor for cardiopulmonary disease, but this is unclear for cardiometabolic disease (e.g.diabetes). This is of considerable public health importance, given the nationwide epidemic of diabetes, accompanied by severe air pollution, in China. The evidence so far remained inadequate to answer questions of whether individuals with cardiometabolic dysfunctions are susceptible to air pollution and whether air pollution exacerbates diabetes development via certain biological pathways. In this manuscript, we summarize the results and limitations of studies exploring these two topics and elaborate our design of a prospective panel study (SCOPE) as a solution. We assessed and compared the health effect of air pollution among pre-diabetic individuals and matched healthy controls through four repeated clinical visits over 1 year. Comprehensive evaluation was made to both health endpoints and exposure. The primary biomarkers were assessed to reveal the impact on multiple biological pathways, including glycolipid metabolism and insulin resistance, endothelial function, and inflammation. Detailed chemical and size fractional components of particulate matter were measured in this study, along with the application of personal monitors.The work should increase our understanding of how air pollution affects individuals with cardiometabolic dysfunction and the underlying mechanisms.

PM_(2.5) exposure associated with microbiota gut-brain axis:Multi-omics mechanistic implications from the BAPE study

Recent studies have shown that PM_(2.5) may activate the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis by inducing hormonal changes,potentially explaining the increase in neurological and cardiovascular risks.In addition,an association between PM_(2.5) and gut microbiota and metabolites was established.The above evidence represents crucial parts of the gut-brain axis(GBA).In view of this evidence.

Particulate aggregation through a modulated annular one-dimensional acoustic field at resonant frequencies

The visualization and analysis of a novel acoustic-particulate system is the objective of this study. The system is composed of rice-husk fired smoke particulates (36.7 nm-840 μm) and one annular resonant circular-tube waveguide contrarily coupled with two sound sources. The collective interaction behavior process of smoke particulates in an inhomogeneous acoustic field is displayed during an experiment and a simulation. The result shows that the aggregation and fragmentation of particles under a change in resonant frequencies and sound pressure amplitude is extremely complex. This complex process consists of dynamically tuning the particle characteristics to attain stripes shaped like thin-films/umbrellas and clusters with volume-change/fragmentation. The balanced modulation of the acoustic radiation force and secondary radiation force to alter the particle characteristics (size and stack density) is verified to be the control mechanism of the particle system. The intermediate variable of the process control is the acoustic contrast factor (Φ) related to the physical characteristics of the growing particulates. The value plus-minus alternation of Φ results in different particulate processes. This study can enhance the application of aerodynamic acoustic-particulate-fluid systems for environment protection, energy fuel conversion, and industrial production.