mproving Cache Management with Redundant RDDs Eviction in Spark

Efcient cache management plays a vital role in in-memory dataparallel systems,such as Spark,Tez,Storm and HANA.Recent research,notably research on the Least Reference Count(LRC)and Most Reference Distance(MRD)policies,has shown that dependency-aware caching management practices that consider the application’s directed acyclic graph(DAG)perform well in Spark.However,these practices ignore the further relationship between RDDs and cached some redundant RDDs with the same child RDDs,which degrades the memory performance.Hence,in memory-constrained situations,systems may encounter a performance bottleneck due to frequent data block replacement.In addition,the prefetch mechanisms in some cache management policies,such as MRD,are hard to trigger.In this paper,we propose a new cache management method called RDE(Redundant Data Eviction)that can fully utilize applications’DAG information to optimize the management result.By considering both RDDs’dependencies and the reference sequence,we effectively evict RDDs with redundant features and perfect the memory for incoming data blocks.Experiments show that RDE improves performance by an average of 55%compared to LRU and by up to 48%and 20%compared to LRC and MRD,respectively.RDE also shows less sensitivity to memory bottlenecks,which means better availability in memory-constrained environments.

Exploring the intercalation chemistry of layered yttrium hydroxides by 13C solid-state NMR spectroscopy

Layered rare earth hydroxides(LREHs)are a novel class of two-dimensional materials with potential applications in various fields.The exchange reactions with organic anions are typically the first step for the functionalization of LREHs.Although the laminar structures seem to be clear for anion-exchanged compounds,the state of intercalated organic anions and their interactions with cationic rare earth hydroxide layers remain unclear.Herein,we demonstrate that the use of 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance(ssNMR)spectroscopy enables to extract key information on the state of intercalated organic anions such as their local chemical environment,stacking,and dynamics,which are often difficult or impossible to obtain previously.In combination with powder X-ray diffraction and ab initio density functional theory calculations,the intercalation chemistry of two representative layered yttrium hydroxides with selected monovalent organic anions was studied in detail.The products can undergo secondary exchange with a divalent organic anion,depending on the match between the basal spacing of two phases,i.e.,the replacement of benzenesulfonate(BS^(-)
),2,4-dimethylbenzene sulfonate(DMBS^(-)
),and 4-ethylbenzene sulfonate(EBS
)with 2,6-naphthalene disulfonate(NDS^(2-)
)is allowed due to the insignificant change in basal spacing after exchange,while the replacement of very long dodecyl benzene sulfonate(DBS^(-)
)and dodecyl sulfate(DS
)with NDS^(2-)is forbidden.The results therefore provide valuable insights into the structure-property relationships of LREH-based functional materials.

Bottom-Up Teaching Reformation for the Undergraduate Course of Computer Organization and Architecture

According to the building requirements of “China’s double first class” discipline, traditional computer organization and architecture (COA) course has new challenges including various course expectations and the limited teaching hours. Considering the hierarchy feature of COA, a bottom-up teaching mode is adopted in teaching reformation to meet the challenges. In this paper, details about COA teaching reforms were shown from aspects of teaching contents, teaching methods, handson assignments, and examination methods. These reform experience will benefit teachers who embark on courses related to computer hardware.

Nomogram prediction model called“ADPLCP”for predictinglinezolid-associated thrombocytopenia in elderly individuals

Background:Linezolid-associated thrombocytopenia(LAT)leads to drug withdrawal associated with a poor prognosis.Some risk factors for LAT have been identified;however,the sample size of previous studies was small,data from elderly individuals are limited,and a simple risk score scale was not established to predict LAT at anearly stage,making it difficult to identify and intervene in LAT at an early stage.Methods:In this single-center retrospective case-control study,we enrolled elderly patients treated with linezolidin the intensive care unit from January 2015 to December 2020.All the data of enrolled patients,includingdemographic information and laboratory findings at baseline,were collected.We analyzed the incidence andrisk factors for LAT and established a nomogram risk prediction model for LAT in the elderly population.Results:A total of 428 elderly patients were enrolled,and the incidence of LAT was 35.5%(152/428).Age≥80 years old(OR=1.980;95%CI:1.179–3.325;P=0.010),duration of linezolid≥10 days(OR=1.100;95%CI:1.050–1.152;P<0.0001),platelet count at baseline(100–149×10^(9)/L vs.≥200×10^(9)/L,OR=8.205,95%CI:4.419–15.232,P<0.0001;150–199×10^(9)/L vs.≥200×10^(9)/L,OR=3.067,95%CI:1.676–5.612,P<0.001),leukocytecount at baseline≥16×10^(9)/L(OR=2.580;95%CI:1.523–4.373;P<0.0001),creatinine clearance<50 mL/min(OR=2.323;95%CI:1.388–3.890;P=0.001),and total protein<60 g/L(OR=1.741;95%CI:1.039–2.919;P=0.035)were associated with LAT.The nomogram prediction model called“ADPLCP”(age,duration,platelet,leukocyte,creatinine clearance,protein)was established based on logistic regression.The area under the curve(AUC)of ADPLCP was 0.802(95%CI:0.748–0.856;P<0.0001),with 78.9%sensitivity and 69.2%specificity(cut-off was 108).Risk stratification for LAT was performed based on“ADPLCP.”Total points of<100 were defined as low risk,and the possibility of LAT was<32.0%.Total points of 100–150 were defined as medium risk,and the possibility of LAT was 32.0–67.5%.A total point>150 was defined as high risk,and the probability ofLAT was>67.5%.Conclusions:We created the ADPLCP risk score scale to predict the occurrence of LAT in elderly individuals.ADPLCP is simple and feasible and is helpful for the early determination of LAT to guide drug withdrawal orearly intervention.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of new 13-n-nonylprotoberberine derivatives as antitubercular agents

Tuberculosis is a serious threat to public health throughout the world.A series of new l3-n-nonylprotoberberine derivatives was designed,synthesized and evaluated for anti-mycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H_(37)Rv.Several compounds(2,11a-c,11g,13d,15c)exhibited excellent anti-tubercular activity with an MIC below 1.0μg/mL.Notably,compound 13d showed potential antibacterial effect against both drug-susceptible and multidrug-resistant(MDR)M.tuberculosis with MIC ranges of 0.0625-1.0μg/mL.These results suggest a mode of action different from that of the current anti-mycobacterial drugs rifampicin and isoniazid.Hence,compound 13d is an attractive lead compound for the development of new antitubercular agents.

Description of rotational properties of the superheavy nucleus ^(256,258,260)Rf by projected shell model

Band structure of the Z=104 nucleus256Rf has been a recent research focus in nuclear physics.We performed projected shell model calculations for this and some other neighboring Rf isotopes.Specifically,we studied rotational properties of these nuclei and showed that variations in dynamic moment of inertia were sensitive to single-particle structures,which may be useful information for locating the anticipated island of stability.Electromagnetic transition properties were also calculated,and measurable quantities were predicted for further experimental test.

I-Neat:An Intelligent Framework for Adaptive Virtual Machine Consolidation

With the increasing use of cloud computing,high energy consumption has become one of the major challenges in cloud data centers.Virtual Machine(VM)consolidation has been proven to be an efficient way to optimize energy consumption in data centers,and many research works have proposed to optimize VM consolidation.However,the performance of different algorithms is related with the characteristics of the workload and system status;some algorithms are suitable for Central Processing Unit(CPU)-intensive workload and some for web application workload.Therefore,an adaptive VM consolidation framework is necessary to fully explore the potential of these algorithms.Neat is an open-source dynamic VM consolidation framework,which is well integrated into OpenStack.However,it cannot conduct dynamic algorithm scheduling,and VM consolidation algorithms in Neat are few and basic,which results in low performance for energy saving and Service-Level Agreement(SLA)avoidance.In this paper,an Intelligent Neat framework(I-Neat)is proposed,which adds an intelligent scheduler using reinforcement learning and a framework manager to improve the usability of the system.The scheduler can select appropriate algorithms for the local manager from an algorithm library with many load detection algorithms.The algorithm library is designed based on a template,and in addition to the algorithms of Neat,I-Neat adds six new algorithms to the algorithm library.Furthermore,the framework manager helps users add self-defined algorithms to I-Neat without modifying the source code.Our experimental results indicate that the intelligent scheduler and these novel algorithms can effectively reduce energy consumption with SLA assurance.

Recombinant sTRAIL induces cell death of tumor cell lines as well as primary cancer cells

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a new member of TNF family. It was reported that TRAIL could induce apoptosis of tumor cells but not normal cells in tissue culture system. To further study the biological activity and potential clinical significance, a recombinant soluble TRAIL (rsTRAIL) has been expressed stably in E. coli after transformation of pET28b vector containing the extracellular domain of TRAIL. The yield of rsTRAIL is approximately as high as 60% of whole bacterial proteins. The rsTRAIL, purified by Ni^+ -agarose affinity chromatography, could remarkably trigger apoptosis at the concentrations of 0.1—1 μg/mL in all 7 tumor cell lines tested in vitro. However, this killing activity has not been observed in mouse fibroblast cell line (NIH3T3) as normal control. Further investigation shows that the rsTRAIL could also kill primary tumor cells isolated freshly from patients with cardiac cancer, breast cancer and malignant thymoma, while the normal human

Resistive switching performance improvement of In GaZnO-based memory device by nitrogen plasma treatment

With the demand of flat panel display development,utilizing the non-volatile memory devices based on indium-gallium-zinc-oxide(IGZO)film may be integrated with IGZO thin film transistors(TFTs)to accomplish system-on-panel applications.In this work,1×1μm^2 via hole structure IGZO based memory device was fabricated and the resistive switching(RS)behavior was investigated.By inserting a nitrogen doping layer IGZO:N by plasma treatment in Pt/IGZO/Ti N device,highly improved RS performance including lower forming voltage,remarkable uniformity,large memory window of 102,retention property of 10^4 s at 125℃,excellent pulse endurance of 10^7 cycles were achieved.The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicates that plasma doping method can evenly dope nitrogen and induce more non-lattice oxygen in the IGZO film.It is deduced that the N atoms of the inserting layer can influence the random formation of oxygen vacancy type conducting filaments,which results in more stable and uniform performance.

Flexible interwoven termini determine the thermal stability of thermosomes

Group II chaperonins,which assemble as double-ring complexes,assist in the refolding of nascent peptides or denatured proteins in an ATP-dependent manner.The mo-lecular mechanism of group II chaperonin assembly and thermal stability is yet to be elucidated.Here,we selected the group II chaperonins(cpn-αand cpn-β),also called thermosomes,from Acidianus tengchongensis and in-vestigated their assembly and thermal stability.We found that the binding of ATP or its analogs contributed to the successful assembly of thermosomes and enhanced their thermal stabilities.Cpn-βis more thermally stable than cpn-α,while the thermal stability of the hetero thermo-some cpn-αβis intermediate.Cryo-electron microscopy reconstructions of cpn-αand cpn-βrevealed the interwo-ven densities of their non-conserved fl exible N/C-termini around the equatorial planes.The deletion or swapping of their termini and pH-dependent thermal stability assays revealed the key role of the termini electrostatic interac-tions in the assembly and thermal stability of the ther-mosomes.

Resilient Smart Power Grid Synchronization Estimation Method for System Resilience with Partial Missing Measurements

With the increasing demand for power system stability and resilience,effective real-time tracking plays a crucial role in smart grid synchronization.However,most studies have focused on measurement noise,while they seldom think about the problem of measurement data loss in smart power grid synchronization.To solve this problem,a resilient fault-tolerant extended Kalman filter(RFTEKF)is proposed to track voltage amplitude,voltage phase angle and frequency dynamically.First,a threephase unbalanced network’s positive sequence fast estimation model is established.Then,the loss phenomenon of measurements occurs randomly,and the randomness of data loss’s randomness is defined by discrete interval distribution[0,1].Subsequently,a resilient fault-tolerant extended Kalman filter based on the real-time estimation framework is designed using the timestamp technique to acquire partial data loss information.Finally,extensive simulation results manifest the proposed RFTEKF can synchronize the smart grid more effectively than the traditional extended Kalman filter(EKF).