Gastrointestinal(GI)cancers,including colorectal cancer,gastric cancer,and esophageal cancer,are a major medical and economic burden worldwide and have the largest number of new cancer cases and cancer deaths each yea...Gastrointestinal(GI)cancers,including colorectal cancer,gastric cancer,and esophageal cancer,are a major medical and economic burden worldwide and have the largest number of new cancer cases and cancer deaths each year.Esophageal and gastric cancers are most common in developing countries,while colorectal cancer forms the major GI malignancy in Western countries.However,a great shift in the predominant GI-cancer type is happening in countries under economically transitioning and,at the same time,esophageal and gastric cancers are reigniting in Western countries due to the higher exposure to certain risk factors.The development of all GI cancers is highly associated with lifestyle habits and all can be detected by identified precancerous diseases.Thus,they are all suitable for cancer screening.Here,we review the epidemiological status of GI cancers in China,the USA,and Europe;the major risk factors and their distribution in these regions;and the current screening strategies.展开更多
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide and arises secondary to the progressive accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in normal colon cells,which results in a polyp-to-cancer progressi...Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide and arises secondary to the progressive accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in normal colon cells,which results in a polyp-to-cancer progression sequence.It is known that individuals with a personal history of colon adenomas or cancer are at increased risk for metachronous colon neoplasms.One explanation for this increased risk could be field cancerization,which is a phenomenon in which the histologically normal tissue in an organ is primed to undergo transformation.Epigenetic alterations appear to be promising markers for field cancerization.In this review,we discuss field cancerization in the colon and the data supporting the use of methylated DNA as a biomarker for this phenomenon.展开更多
基金supported by Sun Yat-Sen University Clinical Research 5010 Program [No.2018026,YL]the‘Five Five’Constructive Talent Project of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University [No.P20150227202010244,JW,No.P20150227202010251,YL].
文摘Gastrointestinal(GI)cancers,including colorectal cancer,gastric cancer,and esophageal cancer,are a major medical and economic burden worldwide and have the largest number of new cancer cases and cancer deaths each year.Esophageal and gastric cancers are most common in developing countries,while colorectal cancer forms the major GI malignancy in Western countries.However,a great shift in the predominant GI-cancer type is happening in countries under economically transitioning and,at the same time,esophageal and gastric cancers are reigniting in Western countries due to the higher exposure to certain risk factors.The development of all GI cancers is highly associated with lifestyle habits and all can be detected by identified precancerous diseases.Thus,they are all suitable for cancer screening.Here,we review the epidemiological status of GI cancers in China,the USA,and Europe;the major risk factors and their distribution in these regions;and the current screening strategies.
基金This manuscript was supported by National Institutes of Health(NIH)National Cancer Institute(NCI)NIH awards RO1CA115513,P30CA15704,UO1CA152756,U54CA143862,and P01CA077852(WMG)Burroughs Wellcome Fund Translational Research Award for Clinician Scientist(WMG).
文摘Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide and arises secondary to the progressive accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in normal colon cells,which results in a polyp-to-cancer progression sequence.It is known that individuals with a personal history of colon adenomas or cancer are at increased risk for metachronous colon neoplasms.One explanation for this increased risk could be field cancerization,which is a phenomenon in which the histologically normal tissue in an organ is primed to undergo transformation.Epigenetic alterations appear to be promising markers for field cancerization.In this review,we discuss field cancerization in the colon and the data supporting the use of methylated DNA as a biomarker for this phenomenon.
