Effects of Huangzhou Radish Powder on the Quality of Silver Carp Surimi Products

[Objectives]This study was conducted to improve the quality of frozen silver carp surimi products.[Methods]Huangzhou radish powder and silver carp surimi were used as raw materials to analyze the effects of different amounts(1%,2%,3%,4%,5%)of Huangzhou radish powder on the water-holding capacity,cooking loss rate,whiteness value,TPA,gel strength and sensory quality of surimi products.[Results]When the addition amount of Huangzhou radish powder was 1%,water-holding capacity,hardness,chewiness and the gel strength of the surimi product reached their maximum values,which were 86.86%,3470.36 g,2628.50 g and 707.48 g·mm,respectively.Meanwhile,the cooking loss rate was reduced to a minimum value(13.66%),and the sensory quality reached the best.The whiteness of surimi products showed a decreasing trend with the increase of the addition amount of Huangzhou radish powder.However,the whiteness of the surimi product was not significantly affected when the addition amount of Huangzhou radish powder was 1%.Therefore,when the addition amount of Huangzhou radish powder was 1%,the quality of surimi products could be improved.[Conclusions]This study provides a new idea for the development and utilization of Huangzhou radish.

炭黑对苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物/聚己内酯复合材料流变、力学及电学性能的影响

以苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物/聚己内酯(SAN/PCL)复合材料为基体,导电炭黑(CB)为填料,采用熔融共混的方法制备了SAN/PCL/CB纳米复合材料。考察了CB含量对SAN/PCL/CB纳米复合材料流变特性、力学性能、电学性能和微观形貌的影响。结果表明,CB的加入能够诱导体系发生相分离,随着CB含量的增加,SAN/PCL/CB纳米复合材料的储能模量曲线在低频区呈现明显的“第二平台”,表现出明显的凝胶化现象,凝胶点为6.5%。在凝胶点前后,SAN/PCL/CB纳米复合材料的力学和电学性能发生明显变化,表明力学和电学性能均与流变特性具有一定相关性。形态分析表明,CB的加入可有效降低分散相的尺寸,CB的团聚是产生流变逾渗的根本原因。

Low infrared emitter from Ti3C2Tx MXene towards highly-efficient electric/solar and passive radiative heating

Realizing all-day and all-weather energy-saving heating is crucial for mitigating the global energy and ecology crisis.Electric/solar heating are two promising heating approaches,yet materials with high elec-trical conductivity,high solar absorptivity,and low infrared emissivity at the same time are rare in na-ture,which are highly anticipated and of great significance for highly efficient electric/solar heating.In this work,we demonstrate that Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene with low IR emissivity(14.5%)fills the gap in the absence of the above materials,exhibiting a remarkable electric/solar heating performance.The saturated heating temperature of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) film reaches a record-high value of 201°C at a low driving voltage of 1.5 V,and reaches 84.3°C under practical solar irradiation(750 W/m^(2))with a high solar to the thermal conversion efficiency of 75.3%,which is far superior to other reported materials.Meanwhile,the low IR emissivity endows Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) with a remarkable passive radiative heating capability of 7.0°C,ensuring zero-energy heating without electric/solar energy supply.The intrinsic characteristic of high electrical conductivity,high solar absorptivity,and low IR emissivity makes Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) unique existence in nature,which is highly promising for all-day and all-weather energy-saving heating.

Visible transparent,infrared stealthy polymeric films with nanocoating of ITO@MXene enable efficient passive radiative heating and solar/electric thermal conversion

Visible transparent yet low infrared-emissivity(ε)polymeric materials are highly anticipated in many applications,whereas the fabrication of which remains a formidable challenge.Herein,visible transparent,flexible,and low-εpolymeric films were fabricated by nanocoating decoration of indium tin oxide(ITO)and MXene on polyethylene terephthalate(PET)film surface through magnetron sputtering and spray coating,respectively.The obtained PET-ITO@MXene(PET-IM)film exhibits lowεof 24.7%and high visible transmittance exceeding 50%,endowing it with excellent visible transparent infrared stealthy by reducing human skin radiation temperature from 32 to 20.8°C,and remarkable zero-energy passive radiative heating capability(5.7°C).Meanwhile,the transparent low-εPET-IM film has high solar absorptivity and electrical conductivity,enabling superior solar/electric to thermal conversion performance.Notably,the three heating modes of passive radiative and active solar/electric can be integrated together to cope with complex heating scenarios.These visible transparent low-εpolymeric films are highly promising in infrared stealth,building daylighting and thermal management,and personal precision heating.

Biomimetic,biodegradable and osteoinductive treated dentin matrix/α-calcium sulphate hemihydrate composite material for bone tissue engineering

It is still a huge challenge for bone regenerative biomaterial to balance its mechanical,biological and biodegradable properties.In the present study,a new composite material including treated dentin matrix(TDM)andα-calcium sulphate hemihydrate(α-CSH)was prepared.The optimal composition ratio between TDM andα-CSH was explored.The results indicate that both components were physically mixed and structurally stable.Its compressive strength reaches up to 5.027±0.035 MPa for 50%TDM/α-CSH group,similar to human cancellous bone tissues.Biological experiments results show that TDM/α-CSH composite exhibits excellent biocompatibility and the expression of osteogenic related genes and proteins(ALP,RUNX2,OPN)is significantly increased.In vivo experiments suggest that the addition of TDM for each group(10%,30%,50%)effectively promotes cell proliferation and osteomalacia.In addition,50%of the TDM/α-CSH combination displays optimal osteoconductivity.The novel TDM/α-CSH composite is a good candidate for certain applications in bone tissue engineering.

Treated dentin matrix induces odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells via regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling

Treated dentin matrix(TDM)is an ideal scaffold material containing multiple extracellular matrix factors.The canonical Wnt signaling pathway is necessary for tooth regeneration.Thus,this study investigated whether the TDM can promote the odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells(hDPSCs)and determined the potential role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in this process.Different concentrations of TDM promoted the dental differentiation of the hDPSCs and meanwhile,the expression of GSK3βwas decreased.Of note,the expression of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related genes changed significantly in the context of TDM induction,as per RNA sequencing(RNA seq)data.In addition,the experiment showed that new dentin was visible in rat mandible cultured with TDM,and the thickness was significantly thicker than that of the control group.In addition,immunohistochemical staining showed lower GSK3βexpression in new dentin.Consistently,the GSK3βknockdown hDPSCs performed enhanced odotogenesis compared with the control groups.However,GSK3βoverexpressing could decrease odotogenesis of TDM-induced hDPSCs.These results were confirmed in immunodeficient mice and Wistar rats.These suggest that TDM promotes odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs by directly targeting GSK3βand activating the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and provide a theoretical basis for tooth regeneration engineering.

Energy-Dissipative and Soften Resistant Hydrogels Based on Chitosan Physical Network: From Construction to Application

In spite of biological tissue-like peculiarity,multifarious functionalities and great application prospect,the low mechanics and soften behavior of hydrogels still retain a problem to be addressed for repetitive weight-bearing fields of flexible electronics,actuators,substitutions of soft tissues,wound dressing,wearable or implantable devices.Due to the distinct combination of diversity,reversibility and impressive disruption-reconstruction capacity,the chitosan physical cross-links can server as recoverable“sacrificial bonds”to construct multifarious energy-dissipative and anti-soften hydrogels and further broaden their diversified applications.In this review,we summarized the gelation mechanisms of chitosan physical networks and highlighted the chitosan physical network based hydrogels in rational design,construction principle,and structure and performance regulation.The recent progress in functional hydrogels for flexible electronics and biomaterials was systematically discussed.Overall,the review will provide comprehensive guidelines on the design principle,performance modulation and functionality construction of energy-dissipative and soften resistant hydrogels.

POSS-embedded supramolecular hyperbranched polymers constructed from a 1→7 branching monomer with controllable morphology transitions

The research on the supramolecular hyperbranched polymers(SHPs) that combines the advantages of supramolecular polymer and hyperbranched architecture has attracted considerable interests in many applications. Here we demonstrate a simple approach to prepare POSS-embedded supramolecular hyperbranched polymers(POSS-SHPs) with varied morphology and size by controlling monomer concentration and mixed solvents. The SHPs formations can further transfer into the core-shell structured micelles by addition of competitive guests based on the double supramolecular driving forces.

A Robust Strategy for Precise Fabrication of Rigid-Flexible Coupling Dendrimers toward Self-Coordinated Hierarchical Assembly

Advances in nanotechnology depend upon expanding the ability to create biologically inspired complex materials with well-defined multidimensional structures.Fabrication of hybrid hierarchical structures by combining colloidal organic and inorganic building blocks remains a challenge due to the difficulty in preparing a diverse spectrum of rigid-flexible coupling units of precise shape and size.Herewe reportageneral strategy for crafting amyriad of uniform aggregates via manipulating self-assembly of distinct dendimers with precisely controlled polyhed raloligomeric silse squioxane(POSS)-embedded cores integrating stiffness and ductility.The rigidity of POSS units exerts steric effects onself-amplification of hydrophobic do mains while the flexibility from internally ductile linkages provides ideal scenarios in establishing self-adaptive structural optimization,which subsequently drive the assemblies to proceed into hierarchical self-assembly via multiple coordination effects,generating highly complex multi compartment micelles(MCMs)without any preprocessing.Our facile approach enables a robust modular nanofabrication of well-organized dendrimers toward artificial functional systems with defined geometric architectures and intriguing functions for advanced biological applications.

Existence and practice of gaming:thoughts on the development ofmulti-agent system gaming

Game is a universal being in the universe.Starting with human understanding of the game process,we discuss the existence and practice of gaming,expound challenges in multi-agent gaming,and put forward a theoretical framework for a multiagent evolutionary game based on the idea of evolution and system theory.Taking the next-generation early warning and detection system as an example,we introduce the applications of multi-agent evolutionary game.We construct a multi-agent selforganizing game decision-making model and develop a multi-agent method based on reinforcement learning,which are significant in studying organized and systematic game behaviors in a high-dimensional complex environment.