Characteristics and Genesis of Acid Drainage Contamination from a Rock Tunneling Project Site

While acid mine drainage(AMD)issues have become a topic of global concern,few studies have focused on acid drainage problems of non-mining activities.We conducted field research and a series of laboratory experiments to investigate the characteristics,release processes and formation of acid drainage contamination.Spoil rock samples and adjacent surface water,groundwater,soil and sediment samples were collected at a railway tunnel construction site in central China,and various parameters,such as the p H,mineral ion concentrations,and heavy metal concentrations,were measured.Based on the measured concentrations,surface water and sediments were seriously contaminated by acids,sulfate salts and heavy metals.Contamination in surface water showed a decreasing tendency as the distance from the spoils increased,while that in sediments showed a greater influence of coprecipitation and adsorption processes of heavy metal ions.The eluviation experiments of three rock samples indicated that R2(silty fine sandstone)was the most likely major acid drainage contributor.Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was cultured and isolated from contaminated water to study the oxidation conditions during the release processes.The significant release of acid drainage when air and bacteria were both in the culture container suggested that oxygen and bacteria were necessary to produce acid drainage from spoils.

Chinese expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of anal intraepithelial neoplasia

Anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(HSIL)refers to the precancerous lesions of anal squamous cell carcinoma(ASCC).Anal cancer is often asymptomatic in its early stage.

化“材”为“筑”

化学是一门中心的、实用的、创造性的学科,化学科学的发展对于科学与社会的不断进步以及人类物质生活质量的不断改善与提高,都发挥着非常重要的作用。本文以拟人的手法介绍了石材、混凝土、玻璃等无机非金属建筑材料方面的化学知识,并以纳米材料为例,对未来新型建筑材料的发展提出了展望。

Relationship between the -455G/A and -148C/T polymorphisms in the beta-fibrinogen gene and cerebral infarction in the Xinjiang Uygur and Han Chinese populations

We sought to investigate the correlation between the -455G/A and -148C/T polymorphisms of the β-fibrinogen gene and plasma fibrinogen levels in patients with cerebral infarction and in healthy subjects among the Xinjiang Uygur and Han Chinese populations, by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction enzyme digestion analysis. Results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the distributions of the -455G/A genotype and allele frequency between the Uygurs and the Han. Plasma fibrinogen levels in cerebral infarction patients among the Uygurs and the Han were higher than those among healthy subjects. In particular, the frequencies of the -455G/A AA and -148C/T TT genotypes were significantly higher than in healthy subjects. Individuals carrying the A or T allele had a higher incidence of cerebral infarction compared with those carrying the G or C allele. Our experimental findings indicate that the -148C/T and -455G/A polymorphisms are associated with cerebral infarction in Xinjiang Uygur and Han Chinese subjects. The susceptibility- conferring alleles are -148T and -455A, and the susceptibility-conferring genotype is -455G/A ＋ AA.

Catalytic conversion of cellulose-based biomass and glycerol to lactic acid

Catalytic transformation of cellulose into value-added chemicals is of great importance for utilization of renewable and abundant biomass. Due to the high oxygen content, cellulose serves as an ideal candidate for the production of oxygenates, in particular lactic acid which is a versatile building block in chemical industry. The efficient conversion of cellulose to lactic acid generally requires selective activation of specific C-O and C-C bonds, and therefore multifunctional catalysts that combine several key reactions including hydrolysis, isomerization and retro-aldol fragmentation are highly desirable. This review article highlights the recently developed catalytic systems and catalysts for the selective transformation of cellulose and cellulose-derived carbohydrates into lactic acid, lactates and/or its esters. Emphases will be put on the reaction mechanism and key factors that exert effects on the catalytic performances. In addition, the catalytic transformation of glycerol, a C3 compound over-supplied from biodiesel industry, will also be surveyed. Recent advances in the development of new catalysts or strategies are analyzed and discussed to gain insight into the transformation of C3 compound to lactic acid.

Phosphorylation of WHIRLY1 by CIPK14 Shifts Its Localization and Dual Functions in Arabidopsis

Plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signaling is critical for normal growth and development in plants. The dualfunction and dual-located ssDNA binding protein WHIRLY1 （WHY1） has been proposed to coordinate the retrograde signaling from plastids to the nucleus. However, the regulatory mechanism governing the functional switch of WHY1 for mediating plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signaling remains unknown. Here, we report that the Calcineurin B-Like-Interacting Protein Kinase14 （CIPK14） interacts with and phosphorylates WHY1 in Arabidopsis. Phosphorylation of WHY1 results in increased accumulation in the nucleus and enhanced binding with the promoter of WRKY53, which encodes a key transcription factor regulating leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. Transgenic plants overexpressing CIPK14 showed an increased nuclear isoform but decreased plastid isoform of WHY1, among which 95% of transgenic lines showed the stay-green phenotype and 5% of lines showed the variegated pale-green phenotype. Interestingly, the phenotypes of both types of transgenic plants could be recovered by overexpression of plastid-form WHY1. In contrast, knockdown of ClPK14 caused early senescence and even seedling-lethal phenotypes along with elevated expression of senescence-related genes such as WRKY53, SAG12, and NDHF but decreased expression of MER11, RAD50, and POR genes, which could be rescued by overexpression of CIPK14 but not by overexpressing plastid-form or nuclear-form WHY1; the stay-green plants overexpressing ClPK14 showed reduced expression of WRKY53, SAG12, NDHF, and large plastid rRNA. Consistently, the accu- mulation of nuclear-form WHY1 was significantly reduced in the CIPK14 knockdown lines, resulting in a low ratio of nuclear-/plastid-form WHY1. Taken together, our results demonstrate that CIPK14 regu- lates the phosphorylation and organeUar distributions of WHY1 and pinpoint that ClPK14 may function as a cellular switch between leaf senescence and plastid development for coordinating the intercellular signaling in Arabidopsis.

Effectiveness of quality of care for patients with type 2 diabetes in China:findings from the Shanghai Integration Model(SIM)

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the quality of care of diabetes in Shanghai,China.A total of 173235 patients with type 2 diabetes in 2017 were included in the analysis.Profiles of risk factors and intermediate outcomes were determined.The patients had a mean age of 66.43±8.12(standard deviation(SD))years and a mean diabetes duration of 7.95±5.53(SD)years.The percentage of patients who achieved the target level for HbA_(1c)(<7.0%)was 48.6%.Patients who achieved the target levels for blood pressure(BP)<130/80 mmHg and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-c)<2.6 mmol/L reached 17.5%and 34.0%,respectively.A total of 3.8%achieved all three target levels,and the value increased to 6.8%with an adaptation of the BP target level(<140/90 mmHg)for those over 65 years.Multivariable analysis identified the factors associated with a great likelihood of achieving all three target levels:male,young age,short diabetes duration,low body mass index,macrovascular complications,no microvascular complications,prescribed with lipid-lowering medication,and no prescription of antihypertensive medication.In conclusion,nearly 50%and one-third of the patients with diabetes met the target levels for HbA_(1c)and LDL-c,respectively,with a low percentage achieving the BP target level.The percentage of patients who achieved all three target levels needs significant improvement.

Down/up crossing properties of weighted Markov collision processes

This paper concentrates on considering the down/up crossing property of weighted Markov collision processes. The joint probability generating function of down crossing and up crossing numbers of weighted Markov collision processes until its extinction are obtained by constructing and studying a related multi-dimensional Markov chain. Hence, the joint probability distribution of down crossing and up crossing numbers and the mean numbers are obtained.

带移民和瞬态拯救的碰撞-分枝过程

本文考虑一类带有移民和瞬态拯救的Markov碰撞-分枝过程.首先考虑该过程的存在性,证明如果拯救速率可和,则不存在过程.然后在拯救速率不可和的情形下,利用预解式分解定理,建立过程存在性判别准则和唯一性判别准则;证明当存在性条件满足时,存在唯一的不中断过程,并讨论不中断过程的常返性和平稳分布.

Two less common human microRNAs miR-875 and miR-3144 target a conserved site of E6 oncogene in most high-risk human papillomavirus subtypes

Human papillomaviruses （HPVs） including high.risk （HR） and low-risk （LR） subtypes have distinguishable variation on both genotypes and phenotypes. The co- infection of multiple HR-HPVs, headed by HPV16, is common in cervical cancer in female. Recently accu- mulating reports have focused on the interaction be- tween virus and host, particularly the role of human microRNAs （miRNAs） in anti-viral defense by targeting viral genome. Here, we found a well-conserved target site of miRNAs in the genomes of most HR-HPVs, not LR-HPVs, by scanning all potential target sites of human miRNAs on 24 HPVs of unambiguous subtypes of risk. The site is targeted by two less common human miR- NAs, miR-875 and miR-3144, and is located in E6 onco- gene open reading frame （ORF） and overlap with the first alternative splice exon of viral early transcripts. In validation tests, miR-875 and miR-3144 were identified to suppress the target reporter activity markedly and inhibit the expression of both synthetically exogenous E6 and endogenous E6 oncogene. High level of two miRNAs can inhibit cell growth and promote apoptosisin HPV16-positive cervical cancer cells. This study pro- vides a promising common target of miRNAs for most HR-HPVs and highlights the effects of two low ex- pressed human miRNAs on tumour suppression.

加权Markov分枝过程的上穿/下穿性质

本文考虑具有吸收态的加权Markov分枝过程的上穿/下穿性质,对给定的穿越范围,得到穿越次数的联合概率分布.特别地,本文给出Markov分枝过程在吸收之前死亡总数的概率分布,同时给出MX/M/1排队系统在一个忙期内服务总顾客数和固定批量到达总数的联合概率分布.