基于CF-BPNN耦合模型的益湛铁路沿线滑坡危险性评价

滑坡是一种比较常见的地质灾害,极易造成严重的人员伤亡和财产损失,特别是铁路沿线发育的一系列滑坡给生命线工程带来了极大的风险隐患。本文以益湛铁路益阳至娄底段沿线为研究对象,基于第一次自然灾害风险普查的地质灾害结果和野外地质调查数据,从地形地貌、区域地质、水文地质、人类活动等4个方面,提取16类地质环境因子构建滑坡危险性评价体系,引入确定性系数模型(CF)对传统的BP神经网络模型(BPNN)进行改进,开展滑坡危险性评价,以增强BPNN模型的性能,提高预测的准确率。在此基础上总结研究区的滑坡分布规律特征,其中高程、岩性、道路对研究区的滑坡分布具有重要影响。最后通过ROC曲线将改进的耦合模型与单一的CF模型和BPNN模型进行对比分析。结果表明,CF-BPNN模型的AUC值为0.849,CF模型的AUC值为0.754,BPNN模型的AUC值为0.837,这表明改进的耦合模型较单一模型效果更佳,预测结果准确率更高。研究结果可为近场生命线工程的滑坡风险分析提供信息支撑。

Influence of ginsenoside Rg1, a panaxatriol saponin from Panax notoginseng, on renal fibrosis in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction

Total saponins of Panax notoginseng （PNS） have been shown to ameliorate renal interstitial fibrosis. Ginsenoside Rg 1, a panaxatriol saponin, is one of the major active molecules from PNS. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rgl on renal fibrosis in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction （UUO）. The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups： sham-operation （n=15）, UUO （n=15） and UUO with ginsenoside Rgl treatment （n=15, 50 mg per kg body weight, intraperitoneally （i.p.） injected）. The rats were sacrificed on Days 7 and 14 after the surgery. Histological examination demonstrated that ginsenoside Rgl significantly inhibited interstitial fibrosis including tubular injury as well as collagen deposition, u-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） and E-cadherin are two markers of tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transition （TEMT）. Interestingly, ginsenoside Rgl notably decreased α-SMA expression and simultaneously enhanced E-cadherin expression. The messenger RNA （mRNA） of transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1）, a key mediator to regulate TEMT, in the obstructed kidney increased dramatically, but was found to decrease significantly after administration of ginsenoside Rg 1. Further study showed that ginsenoside Rgl considerably decreased the levels of both active TGF-β1 and phosphorylated Smad2 （pSmad2）. Moreover, ginsenoside Rgl substantially suppressed the expression of thrombospondin-1 （TSP-1）, a cytokine which can promote the transcription of TGF-β1 mRNA and the activation of latent TGF-β1. These results suggest that ginsenoside Rgl inhibits renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with UUO. The mechanism might be partly related to the blocking of TEMT via suppressing the expression of TSP-1.

Application of omental interposition to reduce pancreatic fistula and related complications in pancreaticoduodenectomy:A propensity score-matched study

BACKGROUND The life-threatening complications following pancreatoduodenectomy(PD),intraabdominal hemorrhage,and postoperative infection,are associated with leaks from the anastomosis of pancreaticoduodenectomy.Although several methods have attempted to reduce the postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF)rate after PD,few have been considered effective.The safety and short-term clinical benefits of omental interposition remain controversial.AIM To investigate the safety and feasibility of omental interposition to reduce the POPF rate and related complications in pancreaticoduodenectomy.METHODS In total,196 consecutive patients underwent PD performed by the same surgical team.The patients were divided into two groups:An omental interposition group(127,64.8%)and a non-omental interposition group(69,35.2%).Propensity scorematched(PSM)analyses were performed to compare the severe complication rates and mortality between the two groups.RESULTS Following PSM,the clinically relevant POPF(CR-POPF,10.1%vs 24.6%;P=0.025)and delayed postpancreatectomy hemorrhage(1.4%vs 11.6%;P=0.016)rates were significantly lower in the omental interposition group.The omental interposition technique was associated with a shorter time to resume food intake(7 d vs 8 d;P=0.048)and shorter hospitalization period(16 d vs 21 d;P=0.031).Multivariate analyses showed that a high body mass index,nonapplication of omental interposition,and a main pancreatic duct diameter<3 mm were independent risk factors for CR-POPF.CONCLUSION The application of omental interposition is an effective and safe approach to reduce the CR-POPF rate and related complications after PD.

Publication output of the new integrated strategy for schistosomiasis japonica control in China: a PubMed-based bibliometric assessment

Background:Although sustainable control since 1950s has achieved great successes,schistosomiasis japonica remains a major public health problem in China.Since 2004,a new integrated strategy was developed aiming to control the transmission of Schistosoma japonicum through the implementation of a package of interventions.To date,no systematic review or meta-analysis assessing the effectiveness of this new integrated strategy for schistosomiasis control in China has been published.We performed a PubMed-based bibliometric assessment of publications on the new integrated strategy for schistosomiasis japonica control in China,to understand the global transmissibility and sharing of the new integrated strategy.Methods:An in-depth bibliometric analysis of all publications on the new integrated strategy for schistosomiasis japonica control in China was performed through a PubMed search using the terms 'schistosomiasis' and 'China,'from January 1,2004 to August 31,2018.All titles and abstracts were read carefully,and the publications reporting the effectiveness,experiences,lessons,or problems of the new integrated strategy were included in the bibliometric analysis.Results:Overall,2,361 titles were screened,and 70 eligible publications were accessed for analyses,including 23 studies in English,published in 15 international journals,and 47 studies in Chinese with abstracts in English,published in 3 national journals.Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control (Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi) published 60% of the research output,Research articles (48.6%) and short reports (37.1%) were the dominant manuscript types.Furthermore,471 contributing authors from 277 affiliations across 9 countries produced these 70 publications.Conclusion:This is the first PubMed-based quantitative analysis of the research output of the new integrated strategy,and our data indicate a low global transmissibility of Chinese new integrated strategy.We therefore call for more research outputs of the new integrated strategy for schistosomiasis japonica control in China to be communicated through international platforms.

OsMAPK6 Affects Male Fertility by Reducing Microspore Number and Delaying Tapetum Degradation in Oryza sativa L.

The mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascade is important in stress signal transduction and plant development.In the present study,we identified a rice(Oryza sativa L.)mutant with reduced fertility,Oryza sativa mitogen-activated protein kinase 6(osmapk6),which harbored a mutated MAPK gene.Scanning and transmission electron microscopy,quantitative RT-PCR analysis,TUNEL assays,RNA in situ hybridization,longitudinal and transverse histological sectioning,and map-based cloning were performed to characterize the osmapk6 mutant.The gene OsMAPK6 was expressed throughout the plant but predominantly in the microspore mother cells,tapetal cells,and microspores in the anther sac.Compared with the wild type,the total number of microspores was reduced in the osmapk6 mutant.The formation of microspore mother cells was reduced in the osmapk6 anther sac at an early stage of anther development,which was the primary reason for the decrease in the total number of microspores.Programmed cell death of some tapetal cells was delayed in osmapk6 anthers and affected exine formation in neighboring microspores.These results suggest that OsMAPK6 plays pivotal roles in microspore mother cell formation and tapetal cell degradation.

A new species of Macromotettixoides(Orthoptera:Tetrigidae:Metrodorinae)from Yunnan,China

One new species of the genus Macromotettixoides Zheng,Wei&Jiang,2005 is described and illustrated with photographs.Macromotettixoides rugodorsalis Li&Mao sp.nov.is similar to M jiuwanshanensis Zheng,Wei&Jiang,2005 and M.wuyishana Zheng,2013,but differs from the latter two in:(1)anterior margin of vertex straight in dorsal view;(2)disc of pronotum densely covered with granules and tubercula,and hind process of pronotum with irregular wrinkled ridge;(3)lateral keels of prozona parallel,without humeral angle;and (4)lower margins of fore and middle femora with 2 large teeth each in base and middle.

One new species of Tetrix Latreille(Orthoptera:Tetrigidae:Tetriginae)from China

One new species,Tetrix cangshanensis sp.nov.,is described and illustrated with photographs.Tetrix cangshanensis sp.nov.is similar to T.parabipunctata Zheng&Ou,2004 and T.bipunctata(Linnaeus,1758),but differs from the latter two by the straight facial carinae before superior ocelli in lateral view,by higher position of antennae insert,and by straight anterior margin of pronotum;from T.parabipunctata by short hind wing;and from T.bipunctata by narrow longitudinal furrow of facial carinae between antennae,by prozonal carinae constricted retrad,and by undulated lower margin of middle femur.

Characterization of whole genomes from recently emerging Mpox cases in several regions of China,2023

Dear Editor,Mpox(formerly known as monkeypox)is a zoonotic disease caused by infection with the monkeypox virus(MPXV).Mpox cases have been sporadic over the past few decades,with outbreaks occurring in only a limited number of countries,primarily as a result of imported cases(El Eid et al.,2022;Tan and Gao,2022).

Large-area growth of synaptic heterostructure arrays for integrated neuromorphic visual perception chips

Two-dimensional metal chalcogenides have garnered significant attention as promising candidates for novel neuromorphic synaptic devices due to their exceptional structural and optoelectronic properties.However,achieving large-scale integration and practical applications of synaptic chips has proven to be challenging due to significant hurdles in materials preparation and the absence of effective nanofabrication techniques.In a recent breakthrough,we introduced a revolutionary allopatric defect-modulated Fe_(7)S_(8)@MoS_(2)synaptic heterostructure,which demonstrated remarkable optoelectronic synaptic response capabilities.Building upon this achievement,our current study takes a step further by presenting a sulfurization-seeding synergetic growth strategy,enabling the large-scale and arrayed preparation of Fe_(7)S_(8)@MoS_(2)heterostructures.Moreover,a three-dimensional vertical integration technique was developed for the fabrication of arrayed optoelectronic synaptic chips.Notably,we have successfully simulated the visual persistence function of the human eye with the adoption of the arrayed chip.Our synaptic devices exhibit a remarkable ability to replicate the preprocessing functions of the human visual system,resulting in significantly improved noise reduction and image recognition efficiency.This study might mark an important milestone in advancing the field of optoelectronic synaptic devices,which significantly prompts the development of mature integrated visual perception chips.

铑催化吲哚导向芳烃与氮杂苯并冰片烯的加成开环反应

碳氢键的直接官能团化已成为有机合成中构筑碳碳键的一种高效方法.这种转化不需要预官能团化,被认为是原子步骤经济的合成途径.在不同导向基辅助过渡金属催化下,区域选择性碳氢官能团化为C–C和C–X键的构建提供了一种简洁的方法.Rh(Ⅲ)催化氮杂苯并冰片烯C–H活化开环反应已有研究,但反应体系中通常需要添加氧化剂或者反应条件苛刻.本文开发了2-芳基吲哚与氮杂苯并降冰片烯的开环反应研究.该反应体系无需氧化剂,化学区域选择性高,官能团兼容性好,条件温和,反应产率高达98%,为2-芳基氢化萘衍生物的合成提供了高效便捷的方法.

可见光促进喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮的苯甲酰化反应

喹喔啉酮C-3官能团化衍生物常具有突出的生物活性,虽然人们已经成功利用过渡金属和强氧化剂催化手段获得此类化合物,但是这些反应的条件相对苛刻.为了发展符合“绿色化学”理念的合成方法,其他环境友好和原子转化率高的制备方法,光催化和电催化合成策略在喹喔啉酮C-3官能团化的应用也相继被开发出来,成功得到了一系列芳基化、烷基化、胺化、磷酰化、磺化和酰化的3-取代喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮衍生物.鉴于3-酰基喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮类化合物表现出的特殊生物活性,本文将苯甲酰氯作为酰基自由基源,利用可见光催化手段,成功实现了苯甲酰氯对喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮的C-3酰基化反应,并提出了反应可能的机理.

UDP-glucose epimerase 1,moonlighting as a transcriptional activator,is essential for tapetum degradation and male fertility in rice

Multiple enzymes perform moonlighting functions distinct from their main roles.UDP-glucose epimerases(UGEs),a subclass of isomerases,catalyze the interconversion of UDP-glucose(UDP-Glc)and UDP-galactose(UDP-Gal).We identified a rice male-sterile mutant,osuge1,with delayed tapetum degradation and abortive pollen.The mutant osuge1 protein lacked UDP-glucose epimerase activity,resulting in higher UDP-Gal content and lower UDP-Glc levels in the osuge1 mutant compared with the wild type.Interestingly,we discovered that OsUGE1 participates in the TIP2/bHLH142–TDR–EAT1/DTD transcriptional regulatory cascade involved in tapetum degradation,in which TIP2 and TDR regulate the expression of OsUGE1 while OsUGE1 regulates the expression of EAT1.In addition,we found that OsUGE1 regulates the expression of its own gene by directly binding to an E-box element in the OsUGE1 promoter.Collectively,our results indicate that OsUGE1 not only functions as a UDP-glucose epimerase but also moonlights as a transcriptional activator to promote tapetum degradation,revealing a novel regulatory mechanism of rice reproductive development.

导致狐狸重症腹泻疫情的新型犬冠状病毒的发现与鉴定

2019年末,中国东北地区狐狸群中暴发大规模疫情,发病狐狸表现出急性腹泻症状,并出现大量狐狸死亡.通过对该疫源地发病狐狸肛拭子、血液与发病组织的检测分析,获得了多条全长新型犬冠状病毒(CCoV)基因组序列,研究团队将该病毒命名为VuCCoV,并确认VuCCoV是引起该疫情的病原.进一步分析表明,VuCCoV基因组的4个结构基因(S,E,M,N)中的3个(E,M,N)与犬冠状病毒(CCoV)对应基因具有超过90%的核苷酸同一性,但S基因核苷酸序列表现出较大的差异.VuCCoV的RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶与蝙蝠冠状病毒PB025的对应蛋白仅存在2~3个氨基酸差异,系统进化分析提示VuCCoV很可能来源于蝙蝠.表面等离子体共振分析实验表明,VuCCoV刺突蛋白受体结合区(RBD)可与犬和狐狸的氨肽酶N(APN)结合,但不与人APN结合,假病毒感染及病毒分离培养实验进一步证实该VuCCoV不易感染人源细胞.蝙蝠等野生动物宿主的病毒跨物种传播对人类和家畜健康构成了显著威胁,VuCCoV的发现和溯源证实蝙蝠作为疫情出现的潜在驱动因素的重要性.积极监控蝙蝠及其他犬科动物中的病毒感染,发现、鉴定对人兽健康构成潜在威胁的新型冠状病毒并研究其进化变异特征与感染特性,对于防控新发人兽共患传染病、建设国家生物安q全体系具有重要意义.

The recombinant truncated envelope protein of West Nile virus adjuvanted with Alum/CpG induces potent humoral and T cell immunity in mice

West Nile virus(WNV)is a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus distributed globally for decades and can cause disease in humans and animals.So far,no WNV vaccine has been licensed for human use.Therefore,the development of novel candidate vaccines and the improvement of vaccination strategies is imperative.As the WNV envelope(E)glycoprotein plays an important role in mediating viral binding to cellular receptors and virus-cell membrane fusion,it is a critical target for the host humoral response.Here,we prepared a recombinant truncated envelope protein of WNV(rWNV-80E)and developed a WNV subunit vaccine formulation with a combination of aluminum hydroxide(alum)and a synthetic oligonucleotide CpG as adjuvants.C57BL/6 mice were immunized twice intramuscularly at 28-day intervals with 5μg purified rWNV-80E adjuvanted with Alum/CpG.WNV E-specific IgG was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)was detected using single-round infectious particles of WNV.Furthermore,T cell immunity was detected by enzyme-linked immunospot assay and intracellular cytokine staining assay.Notably,rWNV-80E was highly immunogenic and elicited potent humoral and cell immunity,as evidenced by significant levels of IFN-γ and TNF-αsecretion in the T cells of mice.In summary,the Alum/CpG-adjuvanted rWNV-80E subunit vaccine elicited potent and balanced B-and T-cell immunity in mice,and therefore it is a promising candidate vaccine that warrants further investigation for use in human or veterinary applications.

The structural and accessory proteins M,ORF 4a,ORF 4b,and ORF 5 of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV)are potent interferon antagonists

The newly emerged Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV)is a highly pathogenic respira-tory virus with pathogenic mechanisms that may be driven by innate immune pathways.The goal of this study is to characterize the expression of the structural(S,E,M,N)and accessory(ORF 3,ORF 4a,ORF 4b,ORF 5)proteins of MERS-CoV and to determine whether any of these pro-teins acts as an interferon antagonist.Individual structural and accessory protein-coding plasmids with an N-terminal HA tag were constructed and transiently transfected into cells,and their native expression and subcellular localiza-tion were assessed using Wes tern blotting and indirect immunofl uorescence.While ORF 4b demonstrated majorly nuclear localization,all of the other proteins demonstrated cytoplasmic localization.In addition,for the fi rst time,our experiments revealed that the M,ORF 4a,ORF 4b,and ORF 5 proteins are potent interferon antagonists.Further exami-nation revealed that the ORF 4a protein of MERS-CoV has the most potential to counteract the antiviral effects of IFN via the inhibition of both the interferon production(IFN-βpromoter activity,IRF-3/7 and NF-κB activation)and ISRE promoter element signaling pathways.Together,our re-sults provide new insights into the function and pathogenic role of the structural and accessory proteins of MERS-CoV.

A novel human mAb (MERS-GD27) provides prophylactic and postexposure efficacy in MERS-CoV susceptible mice

Dear Editor,Since September 2012, the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) cases have been reported in more than 27 countries, and more than 2,000 cases have been confirmed in the laboratory (http://www.who.int/emergencies/mers-cov/en/). MERS-CoV causes an acute and severe respiratory illness with a high mortality rate(~35%) in humans (Shi et al., 2017, Zaki et al., 2012).Neutralizing antibodies targeting the spike of MERS-CoV have been shown to be a therapeutic option for treatment of lethal disease (Agrawal et al., 2016, Ying et al., 2014).

热性感染相关性癫痫综合征患儿的临床及随访分析

目的探讨热性感染相关性癫痫综合征(FIRES)患儿的临床表现、脑电图及医学影像学特点。方法选择2016年8月至2019年9月,于四川大学华西第二医院诊治的5例FIRES患儿(患儿1~5)为研究对象。回顾性分析其临床病例资料,包括临床表现与实验室检查、脑电图及医学影像学检查、治疗和随访结果等。本研究遵循的程序符合2013年新修订的《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》要求。结果本研究患儿1~5的研究结果如下。①一般临床资料:年龄为4~9岁,男性与女性患儿比为2∶3,发热至首次抽搐发作间隔时间为4~7 d,入院时均处于昏迷状态,改良Glasgow昏迷评分为3~7分。②脑电图检查结果:其脑电图背景节律呈慢化、多灶性癫痫样放电。③医学影像学检查结果:其病程早期头颅影像学检查结果正常,后期均可见脑萎缩改变,在额、顶、枕叶皮质或皮质下及脑室旁白质区等部位出现异常信号影。④治疗结果:对其采取多种抗癫痫药物、激素、丙种球蛋白、血浆置换等治疗均无效;采用生酮饮食(KD)治疗1~14 d后,其抽搐发作频率降低。⑤随访结果:在随访1~6个月时,2例(患儿3、5)癫痫发作得到完全控制,1例(患儿1)癫痫发作得到明显控制,2例(患儿2、4)遗留难治性癫痫发作;除1例(患儿3)仅伴轻度学习障碍外,其余4例(患儿1~2、4~5)均存在中至重度认知障碍。结论FIRES是一种严重癫痫性脑病,多数FIRES患儿经治疗后,可遗留严重认知功能损害和难治性癫痫发作,预后差,接受药物治疗如常规抗癫痫药物、麻醉剂、免疫调节等效果不理想,KD治疗可能有助于控制癫痫发作。

The First Imported Case of Monkeypox in the Mainland of China—Chongqing Municipality,China,September 16,2022

Monkeypox is a zoonotic viral disease caused by the monkeypox virus(MPXV),and historically,all outbreaks have been linked to Africa;however,monkeypox has been posing an alarming challenge to the world in 2022(1)as approximately 60,000 cases have been reported in more than 100 nations and regions worldwide(2).Currently,many cases of monkeypox were identified in many nonendemic countries outside of Central and West Africa,and human-to-human transmission has occurred frequently,especially among men who have sex with men(MSM)presenting new clinical symptoms similar to syphilis and other sexually transmitted infections(3).

A core-shell structured COYID-19 mRNA vaccine with favorable biodistribution pattern and promising immunity

Although inoculation of COVID-19 vaccines has rolled out globally,there is still a critical need for safe and effective vaccines to ensure fair and equitable supply for all countries.Here,we report on the development of a highly efficacious mRNA vaccine,SW0123 that is composed of sequence-modified mRNA encoding the full-length SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein packaged in core-shell structured lipopolyplex(LPP)nanoparticles.SWOT 23 is easy to produce using a large-scale microfluidics-based apparatus.The unique core-shell structured nanoparticle facilitates vaccine uptake and demonstrates a high colloidal stability,and a desirable biodistribution pattern with low liver targeting effect upon intramuscular administration.Extensive evaluations in mice and nonhuman primates revealed strong immunogenicity of SW0123,represented by induction of Th1-polarized T cell responses and high levels of antibodies that were capable of neutralizing not only the wild-type SARS-CoV-2,but also a panel of variants including D614G and N501Y variants.In addition,SW0123 conferred effective protection in both mice and non-human primates upon SARS-CoV-2 challenge.Taken together,SW0123 is a promising vaccine candidate that holds prospects for further evaluation in humans.

Development of two multiplex real-time PCR assays for simultaneous detection and differentiation of monkeypox virus IIa,IIb,and I clades and the B.1 lineage

An ongoing multi-country outbreak of monkeypox was reported in May 2022 with several deaths,affecting 107 countries of all six World Health Organization(WHO)regions.The WHO has declared the current monkeypox outbreak to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.It is,thus,necessary to rapidly and accurately detect and distinguish different monkeypox virus(MPXV)clades.We designed primers and probes based on the alignment of 138 complete genomes of poxviruses.In Panel 1,we mixed one pair of primers and three probes to detect and differentiate the MPXV Western Africa(IIa,IIb clade)and Congo Basin(I clade)and other orthopoxviruses.In Panel 2,we mixed one pair of primers and two probes to detect the 2022 MPXV(B.1 lineage and its descendant lineages).In addition,we tested the specificity and sensitivity of the assay using real-time PCR.In Panel 1,the assay reproducibly identified various concentrations of two plasmids of the monkeypox virus,whereas other orthopoxviruses did not cross-react.In Panel 2,the probe annealed well to MPXV B.1 and showed the expected linearity.These two multiple real-time assays are inclusive and highly specific for identifying different clades of MPXV.