The development of modern agriculture requires the reduction of water and chemical N fertilizer inputs.Increasing the planting density can maintain higher yields,but also consumes more of these restrictive resources.H...The development of modern agriculture requires the reduction of water and chemical N fertilizer inputs.Increasing the planting density can maintain higher yields,but also consumes more of these restrictive resources.However,whether an increased maize density can compensate for the negative effects of reduced water and N supply on grain yield and N uptake in the arid irrigated areas remains unknown.This study is part of a long-term positioning trial that started in 2016.A split-split plot field experiment of maize was implemented in the arid irrigated area of northwestern China in 2020 to 2021.The treatments included two irrigation levels:local conventional irrigation reduced by 20%(W1,3,240 m^(3)ha^(-1))and local conventional irrigation(W2,4,050 m^(3)ha^(-1));two N application rates:local conventional N reduced by 25%(N1,270 kg ha^(-1))and local conventional N(360 kg ha^(-1));and three planting densities:local conventional density(D1,75,000 plants ha^(-1)),density increased by 30%(D2,97,500 plants ha-1),and density increased by 60%(D3,120,000 plants ha^(-1)).Our results showed that the grain yield and aboveground N accumulation of maize were lower under the reduced water and N inputs,but increasing the maize density by 30% can compensate for the reductions of grain yield and aboveground N accumulation caused by the reduced water and N supply.When water was reduced while the N application rate remained unchanged,increasing the planting density by 30% enhanced grain yield by 13.9% and aboveground N accumulation by 15.3%.Under reduced water and N inputs,increasing the maize density by 30% enhanced N uptake efficiency and N partial factor productivity,and it also compensated for the N harvest index and N metabolic related enzyme activities.Compared with W2N2D1,the N uptake efficiency and N partial factor productivity increased by 28.6 and 17.6%under W1N1D2.W1N2D2 had 8.4% higher N uptake efficiency and 13.9% higher N partial factor productivity than W2N2D1.W1N2D2 improved urease activity and nitrate reductase activity by 5.4% at the R2(blister)stage and 19.6% at the V6(6th leaf)stage,and increased net income and the benefit:cost ratio by 22.1 and 16.7%,respectively.W1N1D2 and W1N2D2 reduced the nitrate nitrogen and ammoniacal nitrogen contents at the R6 stage in the 40-100 cm soil layer,compared with W2N2D1.In summary,increasing the planting density by 30% can compensate for the loss of grain yield and aboveground N accumulation under reduced water and N inputs.Meanwhile,increasing the maize density by 30% improved grain yield and aboveground N accumulation when water was reduced by 20% while the N application rate remained constant in arid irrigation areas.展开更多
Photocatalytic reduction of CO_(2) is considered as a kind of promising technologies for solving the greenhouse effect.Herein,a novel hybrid structure of g-C_(3)N_(4)/ZnO/Ti_(3)C_(2) photocatalysts was designed and fa...Photocatalytic reduction of CO_(2) is considered as a kind of promising technologies for solving the greenhouse effect.Herein,a novel hybrid structure of g-C_(3)N_(4)/ZnO/Ti_(3)C_(2) photocatalysts was designed and fabricated to investigate their abilities for CO_(2) reduction.As demonstration,heterojunction of g-C_(3)N_(4)/ZnO can improve photogenerated carriers’separation,the addition of Ti_(3)C_(2) fragments can further facilitate the photocatalytic performance from CO_(2) to CO.Hence,g-C_(3)N_(4)/ZnO/Ti_(3)C_(2) has efficiently increased CO production by 8 and 12 times than pristine g-C_(3)N_(4) and ZnO,respectively.Which is ascribed to the photogenerated charge migration promoted by metallic Ti_(3)C_(2).This work provides a guideline for designing efficient hybrid catalysts on other applications in the renewable energy fields.展开更多
Objective To study the effects of electromagnetic pulse(EMP) on bone metabolism of mice in vivo.Methods Twenty-four male BALB/c mice were divided into a control group and 2 experimental groups(n=8) .The whole-body of ...Objective To study the effects of electromagnetic pulse(EMP) on bone metabolism of mice in vivo.Methods Twenty-four male BALB/c mice were divided into a control group and 2 experimental groups(n=8) .The whole-body of mice in experimental groups were exposed to 50 kV/m and 400kV/m EMP,400 pulses daily for 7 consecutive days at 2 seconds intervals.Alkaline phosphotase(ALP) activity,serum calcium concentration and osteocalcin level and trabecular bone volume(BV/TV,%) were measured immediately after EMP exposure by biochemical,ELISA and morphological methods.Results The ALP activity,serum calcium concentration and osteocalcin level and BV/TV in experimental groups remained unchanged after EMP exposure.Conclusion Under our experimental conditions,EMP exposure cannot affect bone metabolism of mice in vivo.展开更多
本文以软骨力学为主题词,在Web of Science数据库中检索并下载期刊文献,分别使用知识图谱软件CiteSpace和VOSviewer对作者、国家及地区、机构和关键词共现及聚类等进行信息可视化分析,探索该领域近5年的发展状况、研究热点及前沿。结果...本文以软骨力学为主题词,在Web of Science数据库中检索并下载期刊文献,分别使用知识图谱软件CiteSpace和VOSviewer对作者、国家及地区、机构和关键词共现及聚类等进行信息可视化分析,探索该领域近5年的发展状况、研究热点及前沿。结果表明软骨力学在骨关节炎等疾病中,对再生医学和组织工程领域具有重要作用,为下一步开展更深层次的研究工作提供理论基础。展开更多
Constructed wetlands are commonly utilized to treat industrial wastewater due to their effectiveness,affordability,and environmental benefits.Many phosphorus chemical enterprises in the middle Yangtze River basin are ...Constructed wetlands are commonly utilized to treat industrial wastewater due to their effectiveness,affordability,and environmental benefits.Many phosphorus chemical enterprises in the middle Yangtze River basin are facing high pollution load challenges and efforts are needed to improve removal efficiency of pollutants.This work was the first to use constructed wetlands for phosphorus chemical industry tailwater(PCITW)treatment.The new hybrid constructed wetlands(CWs)proposed were the aeration horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland(AHSCW)and the integrated vertical flow constructed wetland(IVCW),which were constructed on a pilot scale.Here,the effectiveness of pollutant removal along hybrid CWs,wetland plant growth,and rootassociated microbial community responses to the PCITW were investigated.The results showed that there was spatial variation in removal of carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus in the hybrid CWs,and that the AHSCW and the IVCW played synergistic roles in the removal of pollutants.Compared with influent,the toxic effect of effluent to embryos of a rare minnow(Gobiocypris rarus)was alleviated.Exposure to the effluent resulted in no malformation or death for embryos.Plants and microorganisms in the wetland system of the phosphate chemical tailwater were then compared with the control system of municipal tailwater.Plants in the former system had lower root density,and higher average root diameter,root shoot ratio,specific root length,and specific surface area.Plant roots also had decreased NH_(4)^(+)uptake ability but increased Ca^(2+)uptake to adapt to the high load and complex pollution stress.Unlike the control system,stochastic mechanisms had a more important role than deterministic processes in shaping the microbial community assembly associated with the PCITW.Meanwhile,analysis of microbial network-level topological characteristics demonstrated substantial reduction in network interactions complexity and microbiome stability in the treatment system.Findings from this study suggest wetlands will be helpful for efficient purification of phosphorus chemical industry wastewater in the Yangtze River basin.展开更多
Extensive attention has been drawn to the development of carbon-matrix composites for application in the aerospace and military industry,where a combination of high mechanical strength and excellent frictional propert...Extensive attention has been drawn to the development of carbon-matrix composites for application in the aerospace and military industry,where a combination of high mechanical strength and excellent frictional properties are required.Herein,carbon-matrix composites reinforced by Si_(3)N_(4)nanowires@pyrolytic carbon nanolayers(Si_(3)N_(4nws)@PyCnls)coupled with hydroxyapatite nanosheets is reported.The Si_(3)N_(4nws)@PyCnls(SP)with coaxial structure could increase the surface roughness of Si_(3)N_(4nws)and promote the stress transfer to the carbon matrix,whereas the porous hydroxyapatite nanosheets favor the infiltration of the carbon matrix and promote the interfacial bonding between the SP and carbon matrix.The carbon matrix composites reinforced by SP coupled with hydroxyapatite nanosheets(Si_(3)N_(4nws)@PyCnls-HA-C)exhibit excellent mechanical strength.Compare with the conventional Si_(3)N_(4nws)reinforced carbon composites,Si_(3)N_(4nws)@PyCnls-HA-C(SPHC)have 162%and 249%improvement in flexural strength and elastic modulus,respectively.Moreover,the friction coefficient and wear rate decreased by 53%and 23%,respectively.This study provides a co-reinforcement strategy generated by SP coupled with hydroxyapatite nanosheets for effective improvement of mechanical and frictional properties of carbon matrix composites that are used for aerospace and military industry applications.展开更多
Deep-ultraviolet(DUV,λ<200 nm)nonlinear-optical(NLO)crystals play a pivotal role in modern laser science and technology.Metal phosphates have been considered as fascinating candidates for DUV NLO crystal material....Deep-ultraviolet(DUV,λ<200 nm)nonlinear-optical(NLO)crystals play a pivotal role in modern laser science and technology.Metal phosphates have been considered as fascinating candidates for DUV NLO crystal material.However,how to generate both strong second-harmonic-generation(SHG)response and large birefringence for promising DUV NLO metal phosphates is a long-standing issue.Herein,a new DUV NLO metal phosphate,BaNa_(2)[PO_(3)(OH)]_(2),was successfully synthesized,which features a two-dimensional[NaPO_(3)(OH)]_(∞)alveolate layer alternately connected by highly asymmetric[PO_(3)(OH)]groups and NaO5 triangular bipyramids.BaNa_(2)[PO_(3)(OH)]_(2)can realize a good balance of DUV nonlinear properties covering short UV absorption edge less than 190 nm,strong SHG response with the magnitude of~1.2×benchmark KH_(2)PO_(4)(KDP),and the largest birefringence with the experimental value of 0.064@590±3 nm in reported alkaline/alkaline-earth metal phosphates,producing the shortest phase-matching output down to the wavelength of 164 nm.These research results show that BaNa_(2)[PO_(3)(OH)]_(2)crystal is a potential DUV NLO crystal material.展开更多
Stealth materials with high dependability at elevated temperatures and outstanding mechanical properties are urgently needed for practical applications.As one-dimensional ultrahigh temperature ceramic(UHTC)materials,z...Stealth materials with high dependability at elevated temperatures and outstanding mechanical properties are urgently needed for practical applications.As one-dimensional ultrahigh temperature ceramic(UHTC)materials,zirconium carbide whiskers(ZrCw)have attracted a great deal of attention due to their desirable mechanical and ablation resistance performance in high-temperature environments.We have successfully synthesized ZrCw using a carbothermal reduction technique without the introduction of metal catalytic in this paper.ZrCw shows a typically prismatic structure with the diameter of 1e2 mm and the aspect ratio of up to 250.The growth of ZrCw is controlled by a solid-liquid-solid(SLS)and vaporsolid(VS)compound mechanism in conjunction with the auxiliary action of mesophase Na3ZrF7.The ZrCw/paraffin hybrids achieve the minimum reflection loss(RL(min))of25.77 dB at 13.28 GHz under the thickness of 1.25 mm,and reach an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 3.04 GHz(14.96 e18.00 GHz)with a thickness of only 1.0 mm.This work presents a promising approach for large-scale producing high-purity whiskers,and verifies that ZrCw has extensive application prospects in the field of stealth materials.展开更多
Artificial intelligence(AI)is gradually changing the practice of surgery with technological advancements in imaging,navigation,and robotic intervention.In this article,we review the recent successful and influential a...Artificial intelligence(AI)is gradually changing the practice of surgery with technological advancements in imaging,navigation,and robotic intervention.In this article,we review the recent successful and influential applications of AI in surgery from preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance to its integration into surgical robots.We conclude this review by summarizing the current state,emerging trends,and major challenges in the future development of AI in surgery.展开更多
EPA-enriched phosphatidylcholine(EPA-PC)and EPA-enriched phosphatidylethanolamine(EPA-PE)are newly identified marine phospholipids.The polar group of phospholipids is known to influence EPA-phospholipid activity.Howev...EPA-enriched phosphatidylcholine(EPA-PC)and EPA-enriched phosphatidylethanolamine(EPA-PE)are newly identified marine phospholipids.The polar group of phospholipids is known to influence EPA-phospholipid activity.However,the differences in anti-tumor effects between EPA-PC and EPA-PE have not been reported.In this study,we evaluated the effects of two forms of EPA on the proliferation and apoptosis in the lung-cancer cell line 95D as well as possible molecular mechanisms.Our results showed that EPA-PC effectively inhibited proliferative activity and promoted apoptosis of 95D cells in a dose-dependent manner,while EPA-PE had no effect on cell proliferation,although it slightly promoted apoptosis.Western blot results showed that EPA-PC and EPA-PE upregulated the expression of PPARy,RXRoc,and PTEN,and downregulated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.Furthermore,EPA-PC and EPA-PE induced the expression of the pro-apoptotic gene,Bax,and reduced the expression of the anti-apoptotic gene,Bcl-xl.Additionally,EPA-PC and EPA-PE promoted the release of cytochrome c and activated the apoptotic enzyme-cleaved caspase-3.These data suggest that the anti-tumor effect of EPA-phospholipids may be exerted via a PPARy-related mechanism.EPA-PC was more efficacious as compared to EPA-PE,which might be due to the different polar groups of phospholipids.展开更多
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20218 and 32101857)the‘Double First-Class’Key Scientific Research Project of Education Department in Gansu Province,China(GSSYLXM-02)+1 种基金the Fuxi Young Talents Fund of Gansu Agricultural University,China(Gaufx03Y10)the“Innovation Star”Program of Graduate Students in 2023 of Gansu Province,China(2023CXZX681)。
文摘The development of modern agriculture requires the reduction of water and chemical N fertilizer inputs.Increasing the planting density can maintain higher yields,but also consumes more of these restrictive resources.However,whether an increased maize density can compensate for the negative effects of reduced water and N supply on grain yield and N uptake in the arid irrigated areas remains unknown.This study is part of a long-term positioning trial that started in 2016.A split-split plot field experiment of maize was implemented in the arid irrigated area of northwestern China in 2020 to 2021.The treatments included two irrigation levels:local conventional irrigation reduced by 20%(W1,3,240 m^(3)ha^(-1))and local conventional irrigation(W2,4,050 m^(3)ha^(-1));two N application rates:local conventional N reduced by 25%(N1,270 kg ha^(-1))and local conventional N(360 kg ha^(-1));and three planting densities:local conventional density(D1,75,000 plants ha^(-1)),density increased by 30%(D2,97,500 plants ha-1),and density increased by 60%(D3,120,000 plants ha^(-1)).Our results showed that the grain yield and aboveground N accumulation of maize were lower under the reduced water and N inputs,but increasing the maize density by 30% can compensate for the reductions of grain yield and aboveground N accumulation caused by the reduced water and N supply.When water was reduced while the N application rate remained unchanged,increasing the planting density by 30% enhanced grain yield by 13.9% and aboveground N accumulation by 15.3%.Under reduced water and N inputs,increasing the maize density by 30% enhanced N uptake efficiency and N partial factor productivity,and it also compensated for the N harvest index and N metabolic related enzyme activities.Compared with W2N2D1,the N uptake efficiency and N partial factor productivity increased by 28.6 and 17.6%under W1N1D2.W1N2D2 had 8.4% higher N uptake efficiency and 13.9% higher N partial factor productivity than W2N2D1.W1N2D2 improved urease activity and nitrate reductase activity by 5.4% at the R2(blister)stage and 19.6% at the V6(6th leaf)stage,and increased net income and the benefit:cost ratio by 22.1 and 16.7%,respectively.W1N1D2 and W1N2D2 reduced the nitrate nitrogen and ammoniacal nitrogen contents at the R6 stage in the 40-100 cm soil layer,compared with W2N2D1.In summary,increasing the planting density by 30% can compensate for the loss of grain yield and aboveground N accumulation under reduced water and N inputs.Meanwhile,increasing the maize density by 30% improved grain yield and aboveground N accumulation when water was reduced by 20% while the N application rate remained constant in arid irrigation areas.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11804005,11375136,12204014)Anyang Institute of Technology Research Cultivation Fund(Grant No.YPY2019002)。
文摘Photocatalytic reduction of CO_(2) is considered as a kind of promising technologies for solving the greenhouse effect.Herein,a novel hybrid structure of g-C_(3)N_(4)/ZnO/Ti_(3)C_(2) photocatalysts was designed and fabricated to investigate their abilities for CO_(2) reduction.As demonstration,heterojunction of g-C_(3)N_(4)/ZnO can improve photogenerated carriers’separation,the addition of Ti_(3)C_(2) fragments can further facilitate the photocatalytic performance from CO_(2) to CO.Hence,g-C_(3)N_(4)/ZnO/Ti_(3)C_(2) has efficiently increased CO production by 8 and 12 times than pristine g-C_(3)N_(4) and ZnO,respectively.Which is ascribed to the photogenerated charge migration promoted by metallic Ti_(3)C_(2).This work provides a guideline for designing efficient hybrid catalysts on other applications in the renewable energy fields.
基金supported by the Research Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30800928,No.30670492)the National 863 Project (No.2006 AA02Z4C3)
文摘Objective To study the effects of electromagnetic pulse(EMP) on bone metabolism of mice in vivo.Methods Twenty-four male BALB/c mice were divided into a control group and 2 experimental groups(n=8) .The whole-body of mice in experimental groups were exposed to 50 kV/m and 400kV/m EMP,400 pulses daily for 7 consecutive days at 2 seconds intervals.Alkaline phosphotase(ALP) activity,serum calcium concentration and osteocalcin level and trabecular bone volume(BV/TV,%) were measured immediately after EMP exposure by biochemical,ELISA and morphological methods.Results The ALP activity,serum calcium concentration and osteocalcin level and BV/TV in experimental groups remained unchanged after EMP exposure.Conclusion Under our experimental conditions,EMP exposure cannot affect bone metabolism of mice in vivo.
基金This work was supported by the National Basic Scientific Research Program of China （973 Program, No. 2007CB935803）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30825018） and the Key Clinical Program of the Ministry of Health of China （No. 2010439）.
文摘本文以软骨力学为主题词,在Web of Science数据库中检索并下载期刊文献,分别使用知识图谱软件CiteSpace和VOSviewer对作者、国家及地区、机构和关键词共现及聚类等进行信息可视化分析,探索该领域近5年的发展状况、研究热点及前沿。结果表明软骨力学在骨关节炎等疾病中,对再生医学和组织工程领域具有重要作用,为下一步开展更深层次的研究工作提供理论基础。
基金Projects(51975511,U1708254)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(N2003023)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China+1 种基金Project(2019YFB2004400)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(2020-MS-092)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China。
基金This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Science(Grant no.XDA23040401).
文摘Constructed wetlands are commonly utilized to treat industrial wastewater due to their effectiveness,affordability,and environmental benefits.Many phosphorus chemical enterprises in the middle Yangtze River basin are facing high pollution load challenges and efforts are needed to improve removal efficiency of pollutants.This work was the first to use constructed wetlands for phosphorus chemical industry tailwater(PCITW)treatment.The new hybrid constructed wetlands(CWs)proposed were the aeration horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland(AHSCW)and the integrated vertical flow constructed wetland(IVCW),which were constructed on a pilot scale.Here,the effectiveness of pollutant removal along hybrid CWs,wetland plant growth,and rootassociated microbial community responses to the PCITW were investigated.The results showed that there was spatial variation in removal of carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus in the hybrid CWs,and that the AHSCW and the IVCW played synergistic roles in the removal of pollutants.Compared with influent,the toxic effect of effluent to embryos of a rare minnow(Gobiocypris rarus)was alleviated.Exposure to the effluent resulted in no malformation or death for embryos.Plants and microorganisms in the wetland system of the phosphate chemical tailwater were then compared with the control system of municipal tailwater.Plants in the former system had lower root density,and higher average root diameter,root shoot ratio,specific root length,and specific surface area.Plant roots also had decreased NH_(4)^(+)uptake ability but increased Ca^(2+)uptake to adapt to the high load and complex pollution stress.Unlike the control system,stochastic mechanisms had a more important role than deterministic processes in shaping the microbial community assembly associated with the PCITW.Meanwhile,analysis of microbial network-level topological characteristics demonstrated substantial reduction in network interactions complexity and microbiome stability in the treatment system.Findings from this study suggest wetlands will be helpful for efficient purification of phosphorus chemical industry wastewater in the Yangtze River basin.
基金his work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.51872232the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing(NWPU),China(Grant No.136-QP-2015),the“111”project of China(B08040)+1 种基金the National Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates(Grand No.S202010699336)Project supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U21B2067).
文摘Extensive attention has been drawn to the development of carbon-matrix composites for application in the aerospace and military industry,where a combination of high mechanical strength and excellent frictional properties are required.Herein,carbon-matrix composites reinforced by Si_(3)N_(4)nanowires@pyrolytic carbon nanolayers(Si_(3)N_(4nws)@PyCnls)coupled with hydroxyapatite nanosheets is reported.The Si_(3)N_(4nws)@PyCnls(SP)with coaxial structure could increase the surface roughness of Si_(3)N_(4nws)and promote the stress transfer to the carbon matrix,whereas the porous hydroxyapatite nanosheets favor the infiltration of the carbon matrix and promote the interfacial bonding between the SP and carbon matrix.The carbon matrix composites reinforced by SP coupled with hydroxyapatite nanosheets(Si_(3)N_(4nws)@PyCnls-HA-C)exhibit excellent mechanical strength.Compare with the conventional Si_(3)N_(4nws)reinforced carbon composites,Si_(3)N_(4nws)@PyCnls-HA-C(SPHC)have 162%and 249%improvement in flexural strength and elastic modulus,respectively.Moreover,the friction coefficient and wear rate decreased by 53%and 23%,respectively.This study provides a co-reinforcement strategy generated by SP coupled with hydroxyapatite nanosheets for effective improvement of mechanical and frictional properties of carbon matrix composites that are used for aerospace and military industry applications.
文摘Deep-ultraviolet(DUV,λ<200 nm)nonlinear-optical(NLO)crystals play a pivotal role in modern laser science and technology.Metal phosphates have been considered as fascinating candidates for DUV NLO crystal material.However,how to generate both strong second-harmonic-generation(SHG)response and large birefringence for promising DUV NLO metal phosphates is a long-standing issue.Herein,a new DUV NLO metal phosphate,BaNa_(2)[PO_(3)(OH)]_(2),was successfully synthesized,which features a two-dimensional[NaPO_(3)(OH)]_(∞)alveolate layer alternately connected by highly asymmetric[PO_(3)(OH)]groups and NaO5 triangular bipyramids.BaNa_(2)[PO_(3)(OH)]_(2)can realize a good balance of DUV nonlinear properties covering short UV absorption edge less than 190 nm,strong SHG response with the magnitude of~1.2×benchmark KH_(2)PO_(4)(KDP),and the largest birefringence with the experimental value of 0.064@590±3 nm in reported alkaline/alkaline-earth metal phosphates,producing the shortest phase-matching output down to the wavelength of 164 nm.These research results show that BaNa_(2)[PO_(3)(OH)]_(2)crystal is a potential DUV NLO crystal material.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51872234,51872232 and 52231004)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U21B2067)the Key R&D Program of Shaanxi Province(Grant Nos.2019ZDLGY04-02 and 2021ZDLGY14-04)and Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi(2022JC-25).
文摘Stealth materials with high dependability at elevated temperatures and outstanding mechanical properties are urgently needed for practical applications.As one-dimensional ultrahigh temperature ceramic(UHTC)materials,zirconium carbide whiskers(ZrCw)have attracted a great deal of attention due to their desirable mechanical and ablation resistance performance in high-temperature environments.We have successfully synthesized ZrCw using a carbothermal reduction technique without the introduction of metal catalytic in this paper.ZrCw shows a typically prismatic structure with the diameter of 1e2 mm and the aspect ratio of up to 250.The growth of ZrCw is controlled by a solid-liquid-solid(SLS)and vaporsolid(VS)compound mechanism in conjunction with the auxiliary action of mesophase Na3ZrF7.The ZrCw/paraffin hybrids achieve the minimum reflection loss(RL(min))of25.77 dB at 13.28 GHz under the thickness of 1.25 mm,and reach an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 3.04 GHz(14.96 e18.00 GHz)with a thickness of only 1.0 mm.This work presents a promising approach for large-scale producing high-purity whiskers,and verifies that ZrCw has extensive application prospects in the field of stealth materials.
文摘Artificial intelligence(AI)is gradually changing the practice of surgery with technological advancements in imaging,navigation,and robotic intervention.In this article,we review the recent successful and influential applications of AI in surgery from preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance to its integration into surgical robots.We conclude this review by summarizing the current state,emerging trends,and major challenges in the future development of AI in surgery.
基金This work was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC0311203).
文摘EPA-enriched phosphatidylcholine(EPA-PC)and EPA-enriched phosphatidylethanolamine(EPA-PE)are newly identified marine phospholipids.The polar group of phospholipids is known to influence EPA-phospholipid activity.However,the differences in anti-tumor effects between EPA-PC and EPA-PE have not been reported.In this study,we evaluated the effects of two forms of EPA on the proliferation and apoptosis in the lung-cancer cell line 95D as well as possible molecular mechanisms.Our results showed that EPA-PC effectively inhibited proliferative activity and promoted apoptosis of 95D cells in a dose-dependent manner,while EPA-PE had no effect on cell proliferation,although it slightly promoted apoptosis.Western blot results showed that EPA-PC and EPA-PE upregulated the expression of PPARy,RXRoc,and PTEN,and downregulated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.Furthermore,EPA-PC and EPA-PE induced the expression of the pro-apoptotic gene,Bax,and reduced the expression of the anti-apoptotic gene,Bcl-xl.Additionally,EPA-PC and EPA-PE promoted the release of cytochrome c and activated the apoptotic enzyme-cleaved caspase-3.These data suggest that the anti-tumor effect of EPA-phospholipids may be exerted via a PPARy-related mechanism.EPA-PC was more efficacious as compared to EPA-PE,which might be due to the different polar groups of phospholipids.
