【目的】研究复合醇抗蒸腾剂不同喷施体积分数和次数对温室黄瓜产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响。【方法】采用双因素随机区组设计方法,复合醇抗蒸腾剂喷施次数(T)设置3水平,分别为T1(全生育期喷施1次)、T2(全生育期喷施2次)和T3(全生...【目的】研究复合醇抗蒸腾剂不同喷施体积分数和次数对温室黄瓜产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响。【方法】采用双因素随机区组设计方法,复合醇抗蒸腾剂喷施次数(T)设置3水平,分别为T1(全生育期喷施1次)、T2(全生育期喷施2次)和T3(全生育期喷施3次);喷施体积分数(N)设置4水平,分别为N1(0 m L/L)、N2(0.5 m L/L)、N3(1.5 m L/L)、N4(3 m L/L),分析了复合醇抗蒸腾剂不同喷施模式对温室黄瓜植株鲜质量、叶片光合特性、黄瓜品质、水分利用效率和产量的影响。【结果】复合醇抗蒸腾剂具有促进植株生长,降低叶片蒸腾,减少植株水分散失的作用。随着喷施体积分数的升高,植株生物量先升高后降低,叶片蒸腾速率显著降低;随着喷施次数的升高,黄瓜植株生物量呈升高趋势。与喷施清水相比,体积分数为1.5 m L/L的抗蒸腾剂喷施3次,黄瓜地上部鲜质量、根鲜质量分别提高4.55%和8%,叶片蒸腾速率降低12.52%,植株耗水量降低6.09%。低等和中等体积分数的抗蒸腾剂可以显著提高黄瓜可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、Vc量。与喷施清水相比,体积分数为1.5 m L/L的抗蒸腾剂喷施3次时,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、Vc量分别提高21.55%、14.73%、30.9%。黄瓜产量和水分利用效率随着喷施体积分数的升高而呈现先增大后降低趋势,随着喷施次数的增大而呈上升趋势;体积分数为1.5 m L/L的抗蒸腾剂喷施3次时,产量最高,与喷施清水相比提高2.9%,水分利用效率提高9.56%。【结论】综合分析,体积分数为1.5 m L/L的抗蒸腾剂喷施3次的模式效果最好,具有明显的节水增产、提高品质的作用。展开更多
Deeply buried straw retention can improve the soil content of organic matter,its capacity for moisture preservation,the agroecological environment utilization efficiency of water resources,ensuring a stable crop yield...Deeply buried straw retention can improve the soil content of organic matter,its capacity for moisture preservation,the agroecological environment utilization efficiency of water resources,ensuring a stable crop yield;at the same time,the quantitative effects of deeply buried straw retention on soil moisture have a direct influence on the promotion and application of the technology.Using an infiltration and evaporation experiment of a one-dimensional soil column,the effects of straw size on the water content of the straw and the adjacent soil were evaluated when the straw was deeply buried in soil;the infiltration and evaporation features of different sized straw and its adjacent soil were analyzed;the hydraulic conductivity,sorptivity and saturated water content of the straw were obtained;in the end,the water distribution laws of straw and adjacent soil under the same conditions were concluded.The experiment was comprised of rod-shaped straw(RS),segment-shaped straw(SS)and filament-shaped straw(FS)to control treatment(CK).The results indicated that from the perspective of infiltration,the infiltration rate of filament-shape straw was the lowest at the stage of straw unsaturation.The hydraulic conductivities of rod-shaped,filament-shaped and segment-shaped straws are 4.01 mm/min,1.33 mm/min and 0.03 mm/min at the stage of straw and adjacent soil saturation,respectively.There is a strong effect on preventing infiltration from segment-shaped straw;with the help of the Philip model of long duration,the sorptivity of the soil with rod-shaped,filament-shaped and segment-shaped straws was 12.31 mm/min0.5,11.02 mm/min0.5 and 24.26 mm/min0.5 at the unsaturation stage,respectively.The segment-shape straw improved the water absorption capacity of the soil and straw column.The water retention capacities indicated that the saturated water contents of sandy loam,filament-shaped straw,segment-shaped straw and rod-shaped straw were 0.38 cm^(3)/cm^(3),0.29 cm^(3)/cm^(3),0.26 cm^(3)/cm^(3)and 0.13 cm^(3)/cm^(3),respectively.Additionally,the evaporation rate indicated that the soil moisture content of soil below different straw layers retained approximately 30%;that the more crushed the straw was,the more moisture the straw layer lost;and that the cumulative evaporation of rod-shaped straw,filament-shaped straw and segment-shaped straw within 120 days was 1.5 mm,13.5 mm and 25.5 mm,respectively.展开更多
Jujube is widely cultivated in the semi-arid region of the Loess Plateau in Northwest China due to its high water deficit tolerance.In such an ecologically vulnerable area,it is critical to explore the water consumpti...Jujube is widely cultivated in the semi-arid region of the Loess Plateau in Northwest China due to its high water deficit tolerance.In such an ecologically vulnerable area,it is critical to explore the water consumption processes of key tree species and their responses to driving factors.Sap flow data gathered during a two-year field study in a jujube plantation were analyzed as a surrogate for transpiration measurements.The measured sap flows were related to changes in the soil water content,meteorological factors(the vapor pressure deficit and the level of photosynthetically active radiation),and plant physiological factors(the sap wood area,leaf area and leaf area index).The factors that govern sap flow were found to vary depending on the growing season,and on hourly and daily timescales.The plants’drought tolerance could be predicted based on their peak sap flows and the variation in their sap flow rates at different soil water levels.The sap flow was most strongly affected by the water content of the topmost(0-20 cm)soil layer.Of the studied meteorological factors,the photosynthetically active radiation had a greater effect on sap flow than the vapor pressure deficit.The correlation we found could be applied to predict jujube tree water consumption and assist the design of irrigation scheme.展开更多
文摘【目的】研究复合醇抗蒸腾剂不同喷施体积分数和次数对温室黄瓜产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响。【方法】采用双因素随机区组设计方法,复合醇抗蒸腾剂喷施次数(T)设置3水平,分别为T1(全生育期喷施1次)、T2(全生育期喷施2次)和T3(全生育期喷施3次);喷施体积分数(N)设置4水平,分别为N1(0 m L/L)、N2(0.5 m L/L)、N3(1.5 m L/L)、N4(3 m L/L),分析了复合醇抗蒸腾剂不同喷施模式对温室黄瓜植株鲜质量、叶片光合特性、黄瓜品质、水分利用效率和产量的影响。【结果】复合醇抗蒸腾剂具有促进植株生长,降低叶片蒸腾,减少植株水分散失的作用。随着喷施体积分数的升高,植株生物量先升高后降低,叶片蒸腾速率显著降低;随着喷施次数的升高,黄瓜植株生物量呈升高趋势。与喷施清水相比,体积分数为1.5 m L/L的抗蒸腾剂喷施3次,黄瓜地上部鲜质量、根鲜质量分别提高4.55%和8%,叶片蒸腾速率降低12.52%,植株耗水量降低6.09%。低等和中等体积分数的抗蒸腾剂可以显著提高黄瓜可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、Vc量。与喷施清水相比,体积分数为1.5 m L/L的抗蒸腾剂喷施3次时,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、Vc量分别提高21.55%、14.73%、30.9%。黄瓜产量和水分利用效率随着喷施体积分数的升高而呈现先增大后降低趋势,随着喷施次数的增大而呈上升趋势;体积分数为1.5 m L/L的抗蒸腾剂喷施3次时,产量最高,与喷施清水相比提高2.9%,水分利用效率提高9.56%。【结论】综合分析,体积分数为1.5 m L/L的抗蒸腾剂喷施3次的模式效果最好,具有明显的节水增产、提高品质的作用。
基金the financial support granted from the natural science foundation of Liaoning Province,China(Project No.2015020770)the Ministry of Agriculture,China(Project No.201303125).
文摘Deeply buried straw retention can improve the soil content of organic matter,its capacity for moisture preservation,the agroecological environment utilization efficiency of water resources,ensuring a stable crop yield;at the same time,the quantitative effects of deeply buried straw retention on soil moisture have a direct influence on the promotion and application of the technology.Using an infiltration and evaporation experiment of a one-dimensional soil column,the effects of straw size on the water content of the straw and the adjacent soil were evaluated when the straw was deeply buried in soil;the infiltration and evaporation features of different sized straw and its adjacent soil were analyzed;the hydraulic conductivity,sorptivity and saturated water content of the straw were obtained;in the end,the water distribution laws of straw and adjacent soil under the same conditions were concluded.The experiment was comprised of rod-shaped straw(RS),segment-shaped straw(SS)and filament-shaped straw(FS)to control treatment(CK).The results indicated that from the perspective of infiltration,the infiltration rate of filament-shape straw was the lowest at the stage of straw unsaturation.The hydraulic conductivities of rod-shaped,filament-shaped and segment-shaped straws are 4.01 mm/min,1.33 mm/min and 0.03 mm/min at the stage of straw and adjacent soil saturation,respectively.There is a strong effect on preventing infiltration from segment-shaped straw;with the help of the Philip model of long duration,the sorptivity of the soil with rod-shaped,filament-shaped and segment-shaped straws was 12.31 mm/min0.5,11.02 mm/min0.5 and 24.26 mm/min0.5 at the unsaturation stage,respectively.The segment-shape straw improved the water absorption capacity of the soil and straw column.The water retention capacities indicated that the saturated water contents of sandy loam,filament-shaped straw,segment-shaped straw and rod-shaped straw were 0.38 cm^(3)/cm^(3),0.29 cm^(3)/cm^(3),0.26 cm^(3)/cm^(3)and 0.13 cm^(3)/cm^(3),respectively.Additionally,the evaporation rate indicated that the soil moisture content of soil below different straw layers retained approximately 30%;that the more crushed the straw was,the more moisture the straw layer lost;and that the cumulative evaporation of rod-shaped straw,filament-shaped straw and segment-shaped straw within 120 days was 1.5 mm,13.5 mm and 25.5 mm,respectively.
基金the Special Foundation of National Science&TechnologySupporting Plan(No.2011BAD29B04&No.2013BAD20B03).
文摘Jujube is widely cultivated in the semi-arid region of the Loess Plateau in Northwest China due to its high water deficit tolerance.In such an ecologically vulnerable area,it is critical to explore the water consumption processes of key tree species and their responses to driving factors.Sap flow data gathered during a two-year field study in a jujube plantation were analyzed as a surrogate for transpiration measurements.The measured sap flows were related to changes in the soil water content,meteorological factors(the vapor pressure deficit and the level of photosynthetically active radiation),and plant physiological factors(the sap wood area,leaf area and leaf area index).The factors that govern sap flow were found to vary depending on the growing season,and on hourly and daily timescales.The plants’drought tolerance could be predicted based on their peak sap flows and the variation in their sap flow rates at different soil water levels.The sap flow was most strongly affected by the water content of the topmost(0-20 cm)soil layer.Of the studied meteorological factors,the photosynthetically active radiation had a greater effect on sap flow than the vapor pressure deficit.The correlation we found could be applied to predict jujube tree water consumption and assist the design of irrigation scheme.
