The ionic environment of body fluids influences nervous functions for maintaining homeostasis in organisms and ensures normal perceptual abilities and reflex activities.Neural reflex activities,such as limb movements,...The ionic environment of body fluids influences nervous functions for maintaining homeostasis in organisms and ensures normal perceptual abilities and reflex activities.Neural reflex activities,such as limb movements,are closely associated with potassium ions(K+).In this study,we developed artificial synaptic devices based on ion concentration-adjustable gels for emulating various synaptic plasticities under different K+concentrations in body fluids.In addition to performing essential synaptic functions,potential applications in information processing and associative learning using short-and long-term plasticity realized using ion concentration-adjustable gels are presented.Artificial synaptic devices can be used for constructing an artificial neural pathway that controls artificial muscle reflex activities and can be used for image pattern recognition.All tests show a strong relationship with ion homeostasis.These devices could be applied to neuromorphic robots and human-machine interfaces.展开更多
Cirrhosis develops from liver fibrosis and is the severe pathological stage of all chronic liver injury. Cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection is especially common. Liver fibrosis and c...Cirrhosis develops from liver fibrosis and is the severe pathological stage of all chronic liver injury. Cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection is especially common. Liver fibrosis and cirrhosis involve excess production of extracellular matrix,which is closely related to liver sinusoidal endothelial cells(LSECs). Damaged LSECs can synthesize transforming growth factor-beta and platelet-derived growth factor,which activate hepatic stellate cells and facilitate the synthesis of extracellular matrix. Herein,we highlight the angiogenic cytokines of LSECs related to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis at different stages and focus on the formation and development of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Inhibition of LSEC angiogenesis and antiangiogenic therapy are described in detail. Targeting LSECs has high therapeutic potential for liver diseases. Further understanding of the mechanism of action will provide stronger evidence for the development of anti-LSEC drugs and new directions for diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases.展开更多
The aim of this study is to report and analyze the factors related with earlier occurrence of silicone oil(SO) emulsification in patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy and SO injection in our hospital. We retrospect...The aim of this study is to report and analyze the factors related with earlier occurrence of silicone oil(SO) emulsification in patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy and SO injection in our hospital. We retrospectively reviewed consecutive case series undergone both SO injection and removal in our hospital, and 182 ones were eligible. Possible related independent factors included: macula status(on/off), concomitant phacoemulsification with the surgery of SO tamponading, concomitant status of proliferative vitreoretinopathy, combined surgery of retinotomy, time to have emulsification(<6 mo/≥6 mo after primary SO injection), route of SO injection(anterior/posterior), lens status(aphakic/pseudophakic/phakic), anesthesia(local/general), brands and type of SO, with/without episcleral cryotherapy, with/without hypertension, with/without diabetes, with/without intraoperative use of triamcinolone acetonide. The study revealed that brand and type of SO was the significant factor related with earlier emulsification of SO. Further study was warranted to find out the underlying causes.展开更多
Artificial synapses with full synapse-like functionalities are of crucial importance for the implementation of neuromorphic computing and bioinspired intelligent systems. In particular, the development of artificial s...Artificial synapses with full synapse-like functionalities are of crucial importance for the implementation of neuromorphic computing and bioinspired intelligent systems. In particular, the development of artificial synapses with the capability to emulate multiplexed neural transmission is highly desirable, but remains challenging. In this work, we proposed a hybrid ambipolar synaptic transistor that combines two-dimensional(2D) molybdenum disulfide(Mo S_(2)) sheet and crystalline one-dimensional(1D) poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) polymer nanowires(P3HT NWs) as dual excitatory channels. Essential synaptic functions, including excitatory postsynaptic current, paired-pulse facilitation, synaptic potentiation and depression, and dynamic filtering were emulated using the synaptic transistor. Benefitting from the dual excitatory channels of the synaptic transistor, the device achieved a fast switch between short-term and long-term memory by altering the charge carriers in the dual channels, i.e., electrons and holes. This emulated the multiplexed neural transmission of different excitatory neurotransmitters, e.g., dopamine and noradrenaline. The plasticity-switchable artificial synapse(PSAS) simulates the task-learning process of individuals under different motivations and the impact of success or failure on task learning and memory, which promises the potential to enable complex functionalities in future neuromorphic intelligent electronics.展开更多
AIM: To quantify the changes in the lens profile with accommodation in different age groups. METHODS: The Pentacam HR system was used to obtain the images of the anterior eye segment from 23 young and 15 presbyopic em...AIM: To quantify the changes in the lens profile with accommodation in different age groups. METHODS: The Pentacam HR system was used to obtain the images of the anterior eye segment from 23 young and 15 presbyopic emmetropic subjects in unaccommodated (with an accommodation stimulus of 0.0D) and accommodated (with an accommodation stimulus of 5.0D for the young group and 1.0D for the presbyopic group) states. The phakic crystalline lens shape, including curvature of crystalline lens and central lens thickness (CLT), and the measurements of anterior segment length (ASL), central anterior chamber depth (CACD) were investigated. The anterior chamber volume (ACV) was also measured. RESULTS: The reduction of CACD and ACV were significant in both groups after accommodation stimulus. From the profile of anterior eye segment, a significant decrease in anterior crystalline lens radii of curvature (-2.52mm) and a mean increase in CLT (0.222mm) and ASL (0.1138mm) were found in the. young group with an accommodation stimulus of 5.0D. However, no statistically significant changes of CLT, ASL, or crystalline lens radii of curvature were found in the presbyopic group. CONCLUSION: Our data showed that the shallowing of anterior chamber during accommodation was caused by the forward bulging of the anterior lens surface, rather than by anterior shifting of lens position in either young or presbyopic subjects.展开更多
A flexible organic artificial synapse(OAS)for tunable time-frequency signal processing was fabricated using a tri-blend film that had been fabricated using a one-step solution method.When combined with a chitosan film...A flexible organic artificial synapse(OAS)for tunable time-frequency signal processing was fabricated using a tri-blend film that had been fabricated using a one-step solution method.When combined with a chitosan film,this OAS can achieve an ultrashort-term retention time of only 49 ms for instant electricalcomputing applications;this is the shortest retention time yet achieved by a two-terminal artificial synapse.An array of these flexible OASs can withstand a high bending strain of 5%for 10^(4) cycles;this deformation endurance is a new record.The OAS was also sensitive to the number and frequency of electrical inputs;a tunable cut-off frequency enables dynamic filtering for use in image detail enhancement.This work provides a new resource for development of future neuromorphic computing devices。展开更多
A flexible optoelectronic neural transistor(OENT)that consists of a one‐step spin‐coated tri‐blend film composed of 2,7‐dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2‐b][1]benzothiophene(C8‐BTBT),poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl)(P...A flexible optoelectronic neural transistor(OENT)that consists of a one‐step spin‐coated tri‐blend film composed of 2,7‐dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2‐b][1]benzothiophene(C8‐BTBT),poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl)(P3HT),and poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA)is demonstrated.The C8‐BTBT and P3HT phases in the film partially segregate into distinct domains,which combine to provide broadband spectrum sensing,and instant electrical‐processing capabilities dominated by C8‐BTBT.The OENT is sensitive to solar radiation from the near‐ultraviolet(NUV)and to visible(Vis)radiation from blue to red.When exposed to NUV radiation,the OENT responds sensitively and retains the memory of the exposure for over 10^(3 )s.The OENT provides a warning of excessive chronic exposure to harmful NUV.These properties allow high‐pass filtering with different cut‐off frequencies fc that can restrict the reception of blue,green,or red.These switchable fc enables sensitive image reconstruction and multitarget monitoring.The device combined with a chitosan gel achieves strictly defined short‐range plasticity of<1 s that can achieve diverse instant‐computing applications such as spatiotemporally correlated coding and logic functions.Stable real‐time signal processing facilitates the realization of a Morse‐code recognition system constructed using neuro‐morphological hardware,achieving highly accurate character recognition.This study provides a useful resource that can have applications in wearable biomedical electronics and multimodal neuromorphic computing.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(T2125005)Tianjin Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(19JCJQJC61000)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Project(JCYJ20210324121002008).
文摘The ionic environment of body fluids influences nervous functions for maintaining homeostasis in organisms and ensures normal perceptual abilities and reflex activities.Neural reflex activities,such as limb movements,are closely associated with potassium ions(K+).In this study,we developed artificial synaptic devices based on ion concentration-adjustable gels for emulating various synaptic plasticities under different K+concentrations in body fluids.In addition to performing essential synaptic functions,potential applications in information processing and associative learning using short-and long-term plasticity realized using ion concentration-adjustable gels are presented.Artificial synaptic devices can be used for constructing an artificial neural pathway that controls artificial muscle reflex activities and can be used for image pattern recognition.All tests show a strong relationship with ion homeostasis.These devices could be applied to neuromorphic robots and human-machine interfaces.
基金Supported by the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST,No.2016QNRC001Beijing Natural Science Foundation,No.7172187
文摘Cirrhosis develops from liver fibrosis and is the severe pathological stage of all chronic liver injury. Cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection is especially common. Liver fibrosis and cirrhosis involve excess production of extracellular matrix,which is closely related to liver sinusoidal endothelial cells(LSECs). Damaged LSECs can synthesize transforming growth factor-beta and platelet-derived growth factor,which activate hepatic stellate cells and facilitate the synthesis of extracellular matrix. Herein,we highlight the angiogenic cytokines of LSECs related to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis at different stages and focus on the formation and development of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Inhibition of LSEC angiogenesis and antiangiogenic therapy are described in detail. Targeting LSECs has high therapeutic potential for liver diseases. Further understanding of the mechanism of action will provide stronger evidence for the development of anti-LSEC drugs and new directions for diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases.
文摘The aim of this study is to report and analyze the factors related with earlier occurrence of silicone oil(SO) emulsification in patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy and SO injection in our hospital. We retrospectively reviewed consecutive case series undergone both SO injection and removal in our hospital, and 182 ones were eligible. Possible related independent factors included: macula status(on/off), concomitant phacoemulsification with the surgery of SO tamponading, concomitant status of proliferative vitreoretinopathy, combined surgery of retinotomy, time to have emulsification(<6 mo/≥6 mo after primary SO injection), route of SO injection(anterior/posterior), lens status(aphakic/pseudophakic/phakic), anesthesia(local/general), brands and type of SO, with/without episcleral cryotherapy, with/without hypertension, with/without diabetes, with/without intraoperative use of triamcinolone acetonide. The study revealed that brand and type of SO was the significant factor related with earlier emulsification of SO. Further study was warranted to find out the underlying causes.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (No. T2125005)the Tianjin Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars (No. 19JCJQJC61000)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Project (No. JCYJ20210324121002008)。
文摘Artificial synapses with full synapse-like functionalities are of crucial importance for the implementation of neuromorphic computing and bioinspired intelligent systems. In particular, the development of artificial synapses with the capability to emulate multiplexed neural transmission is highly desirable, but remains challenging. In this work, we proposed a hybrid ambipolar synaptic transistor that combines two-dimensional(2D) molybdenum disulfide(Mo S_(2)) sheet and crystalline one-dimensional(1D) poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) polymer nanowires(P3HT NWs) as dual excitatory channels. Essential synaptic functions, including excitatory postsynaptic current, paired-pulse facilitation, synaptic potentiation and depression, and dynamic filtering were emulated using the synaptic transistor. Benefitting from the dual excitatory channels of the synaptic transistor, the device achieved a fast switch between short-term and long-term memory by altering the charge carriers in the dual channels, i.e., electrons and holes. This emulated the multiplexed neural transmission of different excitatory neurotransmitters, e.g., dopamine and noradrenaline. The plasticity-switchable artificial synapse(PSAS) simulates the task-learning process of individuals under different motivations and the impact of success or failure on task learning and memory, which promises the potential to enable complex functionalities in future neuromorphic intelligent electronics.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81070747)Research Award for New Century Excellent Talents in University (No. NCET08-0586)in ChinaScience and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China (No.2010B090400416)
文摘AIM: To quantify the changes in the lens profile with accommodation in different age groups. METHODS: The Pentacam HR system was used to obtain the images of the anterior eye segment from 23 young and 15 presbyopic emmetropic subjects in unaccommodated (with an accommodation stimulus of 0.0D) and accommodated (with an accommodation stimulus of 5.0D for the young group and 1.0D for the presbyopic group) states. The phakic crystalline lens shape, including curvature of crystalline lens and central lens thickness (CLT), and the measurements of anterior segment length (ASL), central anterior chamber depth (CACD) were investigated. The anterior chamber volume (ACV) was also measured. RESULTS: The reduction of CACD and ACV were significant in both groups after accommodation stimulus. From the profile of anterior eye segment, a significant decrease in anterior crystalline lens radii of curvature (-2.52mm) and a mean increase in CLT (0.222mm) and ASL (0.1138mm) were found in the. young group with an accommodation stimulus of 5.0D. However, no statistically significant changes of CLT, ASL, or crystalline lens radii of curvature were found in the presbyopic group. CONCLUSION: Our data showed that the shallowing of anterior chamber during accommodation was caused by the forward bulging of the anterior lens surface, rather than by anterior shifting of lens position in either young or presbyopic subjects.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2022YFE0198200,2022YFA1200044)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.T2125005)+1 种基金the Tianjin Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.19JCJQJC61000)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Project(No.JCYj20210324121002008).
文摘A flexible organic artificial synapse(OAS)for tunable time-frequency signal processing was fabricated using a tri-blend film that had been fabricated using a one-step solution method.When combined with a chitosan film,this OAS can achieve an ultrashort-term retention time of only 49 ms for instant electricalcomputing applications;this is the shortest retention time yet achieved by a two-terminal artificial synapse.An array of these flexible OASs can withstand a high bending strain of 5%for 10^(4) cycles;this deformation endurance is a new record.The OAS was also sensitive to the number and frequency of electrical inputs;a tunable cut-off frequency enables dynamic filtering for use in image detail enhancement.This work provides a new resource for development of future neuromorphic computing devices。
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.T2125005)the Tianjin Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.19JCJQJC61000)+1 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Project(No.JCYJ20210324121002008)the Inter‐Governmental International Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation Key Projects(No.SQ2021YFE011099).
文摘A flexible optoelectronic neural transistor(OENT)that consists of a one‐step spin‐coated tri‐blend film composed of 2,7‐dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2‐b][1]benzothiophene(C8‐BTBT),poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl)(P3HT),and poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA)is demonstrated.The C8‐BTBT and P3HT phases in the film partially segregate into distinct domains,which combine to provide broadband spectrum sensing,and instant electrical‐processing capabilities dominated by C8‐BTBT.The OENT is sensitive to solar radiation from the near‐ultraviolet(NUV)and to visible(Vis)radiation from blue to red.When exposed to NUV radiation,the OENT responds sensitively and retains the memory of the exposure for over 10^(3 )s.The OENT provides a warning of excessive chronic exposure to harmful NUV.These properties allow high‐pass filtering with different cut‐off frequencies fc that can restrict the reception of blue,green,or red.These switchable fc enables sensitive image reconstruction and multitarget monitoring.The device combined with a chitosan gel achieves strictly defined short‐range plasticity of<1 s that can achieve diverse instant‐computing applications such as spatiotemporally correlated coding and logic functions.Stable real‐time signal processing facilitates the realization of a Morse‐code recognition system constructed using neuro‐morphological hardware,achieving highly accurate character recognition.This study provides a useful resource that can have applications in wearable biomedical electronics and multimodal neuromorphic computing.
