In recent years,graphics processing units(GPUs)have been applied to accelerate Monte Carlo(MC)simulations for proton dose calculation in radiotherapy.Nonetheless,current GPU platforms,such as Compute Unified Device Ar...In recent years,graphics processing units(GPUs)have been applied to accelerate Monte Carlo(MC)simulations for proton dose calculation in radiotherapy.Nonetheless,current GPU platforms,such as Compute Unified Device Architecture(CUDA)and Open Computing Language(OpenCL),suffer from cross-platform limitation or relatively high programming barrier.However,the Taichi toolkit,which was developed to overcome these difficulties,has been successfully applied to high-performance numerical computations.Based on the class II condensed history simulation scheme with various proton-nucleus interactions,we developed a GPU-accelerated MC engine for proton transport using the Taichi toolkit.Dose distributions in homogeneous and heterogeneous geometries were calculated for 110,160,and 200 MeV protons and were compared with those obtained by full MC simulations using TOPAS.The gamma passing rates were greater than 0.99 and 0.95 with criteria of 2 mm,2%and 1 mm,1%,respectively,in all the benchmark tests.Moreover,the calculation speed was at least 5800 times faster than that of TOPAS,and the number of lines of code was approximately 10 times less than those of CUDA or OpenCL.Our study provides a highly accurate,efficient,and easy-to-use proton dose calculation engine for fast prototyping,beamlet calculation,and education purposes.展开更多
目的 探讨铁调素(hepcidin, Hepc)对造影剂相关急性肾损伤(CI-AKI)的预测价值。方法 纳入2019年6月至2022年6月应用含碘造影剂进行影像学检查的患者203例,按检查后是否发生CI-AKI分为N-CI-AKI组和CI-AKI组,比较两组患者一般临床资料、血...目的 探讨铁调素(hepcidin, Hepc)对造影剂相关急性肾损伤(CI-AKI)的预测价值。方法 纳入2019年6月至2022年6月应用含碘造影剂进行影像学检查的患者203例,按检查后是否发生CI-AKI分为N-CI-AKI组和CI-AKI组,比较两组患者一般临床资料、血清Hepc、肌酐(Scr)、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关的脂质钙蛋白(NGAL)、肾损伤分子-1(KIM-1)以及胱抑素C(CysC)表达水平,多因素logistic回归分析获得静脉注射含碘造影剂发生CI-AKI的独立预测因素,绘制独立预测因素预测发生CI-AKI的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线和决策曲线,验证其预测价值。结果 CI-AKI组中慢性肾脏病、糖尿病、抗生素使用以及美托洛尔使用患者所占的比例明显高于N-CI-AKI组(P<0.05)。CI-AKI组患者造影后24 h Hepc、NGAL、CysC、KIM-1以及造影后48 h NGAL表达明显高于N-CI-AKI组(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,慢性肾脏病以及Hepc为静脉注射含碘造影剂后发生CI-AKI的独立预测因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,慢性肾脏病以及造影后24 h Hepc预测CI-AKI的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.732(95%CI:0.714~0.834)以及0.825(95%CI:0.763~0.924),两者联合预测的AUC为0.936(95%CI:0.887~0.985),决策曲线分析结果显示,慢性肾脏病以及造影后24 h Hepc预测检查后是否发生CI-AKI均具有良好的净收益率。结论 慢性肾脏病患者发生CI-AKI的风险显著高于肾功能正常人群,造影后24 h血清Hepc表达水平可作为早期预测CI-AKI的可靠生物标志物,当Hepc≥5.1 ng/mL时患者发生CI-AKI的风险较大。展开更多
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2905900)Xuzhou Science and Technology Plan Project(KC20190)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21903087,22201243)Experimental technology research and development project of China University of Mining and Technology(S2021Y006)。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.11735003,11975041,and 11961141004)。
文摘In recent years,graphics processing units(GPUs)have been applied to accelerate Monte Carlo(MC)simulations for proton dose calculation in radiotherapy.Nonetheless,current GPU platforms,such as Compute Unified Device Architecture(CUDA)and Open Computing Language(OpenCL),suffer from cross-platform limitation or relatively high programming barrier.However,the Taichi toolkit,which was developed to overcome these difficulties,has been successfully applied to high-performance numerical computations.Based on the class II condensed history simulation scheme with various proton-nucleus interactions,we developed a GPU-accelerated MC engine for proton transport using the Taichi toolkit.Dose distributions in homogeneous and heterogeneous geometries were calculated for 110,160,and 200 MeV protons and were compared with those obtained by full MC simulations using TOPAS.The gamma passing rates were greater than 0.99 and 0.95 with criteria of 2 mm,2%and 1 mm,1%,respectively,in all the benchmark tests.Moreover,the calculation speed was at least 5800 times faster than that of TOPAS,and the number of lines of code was approximately 10 times less than those of CUDA or OpenCL.Our study provides a highly accurate,efficient,and easy-to-use proton dose calculation engine for fast prototyping,beamlet calculation,and education purposes.
文摘目的 探讨铁调素(hepcidin, Hepc)对造影剂相关急性肾损伤(CI-AKI)的预测价值。方法 纳入2019年6月至2022年6月应用含碘造影剂进行影像学检查的患者203例,按检查后是否发生CI-AKI分为N-CI-AKI组和CI-AKI组,比较两组患者一般临床资料、血清Hepc、肌酐(Scr)、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关的脂质钙蛋白(NGAL)、肾损伤分子-1(KIM-1)以及胱抑素C(CysC)表达水平,多因素logistic回归分析获得静脉注射含碘造影剂发生CI-AKI的独立预测因素,绘制独立预测因素预测发生CI-AKI的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线和决策曲线,验证其预测价值。结果 CI-AKI组中慢性肾脏病、糖尿病、抗生素使用以及美托洛尔使用患者所占的比例明显高于N-CI-AKI组(P<0.05)。CI-AKI组患者造影后24 h Hepc、NGAL、CysC、KIM-1以及造影后48 h NGAL表达明显高于N-CI-AKI组(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,慢性肾脏病以及Hepc为静脉注射含碘造影剂后发生CI-AKI的独立预测因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,慢性肾脏病以及造影后24 h Hepc预测CI-AKI的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.732(95%CI:0.714~0.834)以及0.825(95%CI:0.763~0.924),两者联合预测的AUC为0.936(95%CI:0.887~0.985),决策曲线分析结果显示,慢性肾脏病以及造影后24 h Hepc预测检查后是否发生CI-AKI均具有良好的净收益率。结论 慢性肾脏病患者发生CI-AKI的风险显著高于肾功能正常人群,造影后24 h血清Hepc表达水平可作为早期预测CI-AKI的可靠生物标志物,当Hepc≥5.1 ng/mL时患者发生CI-AKI的风险较大。