乐山市中小学生平足症的现状调查与防治对策研究

目前国内关于平足症的预防筛查以及远期预后相关研究尚不全面,仍缺少标准化防治体系、专家共识及指南等相关指导,该研究以乐山市8所中小学10038名学龄儿童为研究对象,通过足骨形态测量、提踵实验、足印分析以及疼痛评分等方法筛查阳性平足症学龄儿童,进一步统计分析其年龄、体重指数(BMI)与平足分级相关性。结果表明:乐山市6~14岁学龄儿童平足症患病率为10.31%,轻度平足症850名(82.13%)、中度平足症144名(13.91%)、重度平足症41名(3.96%),乐山市学龄儿童平足症患病率与国际持平,患病率随着年龄的增长呈下降趋势。年龄较小、肥胖是平足症的危险因素(P<0.05)。基于该研究结果提出了相应防治措施,促进大众对平足症认知与重视,科学防治平足发生。

浅谈全员育人视域下高校消防安全教育

随着教育强国建设的深入探索、科教兴国战略的深入实施,当代大学生的教育面临更高的要求,迎来更大的挑战。因而教育应寻求更符合其身心发展特点的方式。消防安全教育作为大学生教育体系中重要的部分,其教育方式与传统消防安全教育方式间的矛盾日益凸显。从全员育人的视角出发,分析部分高校在消防安全教育中存在的问题,可以为高校消防安全教育提供新思路。

儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病门冬酰胺酶相关胰腺炎的临床特征及预后分析

目的:分析儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(acute lymphoblastic leukemia,ALL)治疗过程中发生门冬酰胺酶(asparaginase,ASP)相关胰腺炎(asparaginase-associated pancreatitis,AAP)的临床特点以及影响AAP的危险因素,探讨AAP后ASP再暴露情况及AAP对ALL患儿预后的影响。方法:回顾性收集2015年1月至2020年6月于华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院初诊252例ALL患儿临床资料,分析AAP临床特点。使用Logistic回归分析AAP的危险因素,预后分析采用Log-rank检验,使用KaplanMeier法绘制生存曲线。结果:252例ALL患儿中,23例AAP发生率为9.1%。19例(82.6%)患儿AAP发生在诱导缓解期,末次ASP至胰腺炎发生的中位时间为12 d。初诊时总胆固醇≥3.5 mmol/L是AAP发生的独立危险因素(P<0.001)。6例AAP患儿在AAP治愈后进行ASP再暴露,3例发生二次AAP。AAP组患儿5年总体生存(overall survival,OS)为(78.3±8.6)%,非AAP组患儿5年OS为(90.3±2.2)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。中止组患儿5年OS为(77.8±9.8)%,未中止组患儿5年OS为(90.1±2.1)%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:末次ASP至胰腺炎发生的中位时间为12 d。AAP患儿较非AAP患儿5年OS低。ASP再暴露有发生二次AAP的风险,但完成化疗方案ASP有助于改善预后。

一体化厌氧-变级数缺氧/好氧循环流污水处理装置中试研究

针对现有村镇污水处理技术与装备的不足,开发出适用于村镇污水处理的新型一体化厌氧-变级数缺氧/好氧循环流(A-(AO)_n)同步脱氮除磷、沉淀分离技术与装备,以长沙某污水提升泵站沉砂池的出水作为处理对象开展中试实验。对好氧区不同溶解氧、填料填充比和分区进水条件下装置污水处理效能的变化进行研究,结果表明:当好氧区溶解氧控制在1.5~2.0 mg/L,好氧区填料填充比为30%时,装置的脱氮除磷效果最佳。在不外加碳源且不投加化学除磷药剂的条件下,出水水质优于《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)的一级A标准。高通量测序结果显示,好氧区投加悬浮球填料后,系统中微生物总量和多样性明显提高,为系统中发生同步硝化反硝化(SND)现象创造了条件。

宽带柔性透明超材料吸波体设计

基于阻抗匹配原理提出一种具有宽带微波吸收、高灵活性和高透光性的超薄反射型超材料吸波体,该吸波体由硬度小且高度光学透明的导电膜和介质基板构成,可实现柔性和高透光性。电磁仿真结果表明:在8.22~22.76 GHz的频率范围内,吸波体的吸收率大于90%,吸收总带宽为14.54 GHz,相对吸收带宽达93.9%。由于谐振层图案的中心对称特点,吸波体表现出对电磁波极化不敏感的特性。此外,对于入射角小于60°的电磁波,它仍然表现出良好的吸收性能。该研究结果表明所提出的超材料吸波体在医疗设备、航空航天以及雷达隐身方面具有巨大的应用潜力。

Age-specific differences in the association between prediabetes and cardiovascular diseases in China:A national cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease(CVD)is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide,the global burden of which is rising.It is still unclear the extent to which prediabetes contributes to the risk of CVD in various age brackets among adults.To develop a focused screening plan and treatment for Chinese adults with prediabetes,it is crucial to identify variations in the connection between prediabetes and the risk of CVD based on age.AIM To examine the clinical features of prediabetes and identify risk factors for CVD in different age groups in China.METHODS The cross-sectional study involved a total of 46239 participants from June 2007 through May 2008.A thorough evaluation was conducted.Individuals with prediabetes were categorized into two groups based on age.Chinese atherosclerotic CVD risk prediction model was employed to evaluate the risk of developing CVD over 10 years.Random forest was established in both age groups.SHapley Additive exPlanation method prioritized the importance of features from the perspective of assessment contribution.RESULTS In total,6948 people were diagnosed with prediabetes in this study.In prediabetes,prevalences of CVD were 5(0.29%)in the younger group and 148(2.85%)in the older group.Overall,11.11%of the younger group and 29.59% of the older group were intermediate/high-risk of CVD for prediabetes without CVD based on the Prediction for ASCVD Risk in China equation in ten years.In the younger age group,the 10-year risk of CVD was found to be more closely linked to family history of CVD rather than lifestyle,whereas in the older age group,resident status was more closely linked.CONCLUSION The susceptibility to CVD is age-specific in newly diagnosed prediabetes.It is necessary to develop targeted approaches for the prevention and management of CVD in adults across various age brackets.

Distinct molecular targets of ProEGCG from EGCG and superior inhibition of angiogenesis signaling pathways for treatment of endometriosis

Endometriosis is a common chronic gynecological disease with endometrial cell implantation outside the uterus.Angiogenesis is a major pathophysiology in endometriosis.Our previous studies have demonstrated that the prodrug of epigallocatechin gallate(ProEGCG)exhibits superior anti-endometriotic and anti-angiogenic effects compared to epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG).However,their direct binding targets and underlying mechanisms for the differential effects remain unknown.In this study,we demonstrated that oral ProEGCG can be effective in preventing and treating endometriosis.Additionally,1D and 2D Proteome Integral Solubility Alteration assay-based chemical proteomics identified metadherin(MTDH)and PX domain containing serine/threonine kinase-like(PXK)as novel binding targets of EGCG and ProEGCG,respectively.Computational simulation and BioLayer interferometry were used to confirm their binding affinity.Our results showed that MTDH-EGCG inhibited protein kinase B(Akt)-mediated angiogenesis,while PXK-ProEGCG inhibited epidermal growth factor(EGF)-mediated angiogenesis via the EGF/hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF-1a)/vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)pathway.In vitro and in vivo knockdown assays and microvascular network imaging further confirmed the involvement of these signaling pathways.Moreover,our study demonstrated that ProEGCG has superior therapeutic effects than EGCG by targeting distinct signal transduction pathways and may act as a novel antiangiogenic therapy for endometriosis.

Research on intelligent search-and-secure technology in accelerator hazardous areas based on machine vision

Prompt radiation emitted during accelerator operation poses a significant health risk,necessitating a thorough search and securing of hazardous areas prior to initiation.Currently,manual sweep methods are employed.However,the limitations of manual sweeps have become increasingly evident with the implementation of large-scale accelerators.By leveraging advancements in machine vision technology,the automatic identification of stranded personnel in controlled areas through camera imagery presents a viable solution for efficient search and security.Given the criticality of personal safety for stranded individuals,search and security processes must be sufficiently reliable.To ensure comprehensive coverage,180°camera groups were strategically positioned on both sides of the accelerator tunnel to eliminate blind spots within the monitoring range.The YOLOV8 network model was modified to enable the detection of small targets,such as hands and feet,as well as larger targets formed by individuals near the cameras.Furthermore,the system incorporates a pedestrian recognition model that detects human body parts,and an information fusion strategy is used to integrate the detected head,hands,and feet with the identified pedestrians as a cohesive unit.This strategy enhanced the capability of the model to identify pedestrians obstructed by equipment,resulting in a notable improvement in the recall rate.Specifically,recall rates of 0.915 and 0.82were obtained for Datasets 1 and 2,respectively.Although there was a slight decrease in accuracy,it aligned with the intended purpose of the search-and-secure software design.Experimental tests conducted within an accelerator tunnel demonstrated the effectiveness of this approach in achieving reliable recognition outcomes.

Fangchinoline induces antiviral response by suppressing STING degradation

The stimulator of interferon genes(STING),an integral adaptor protein in the DNA-sensing pathway,plays a pivotal role in the innate immune response against infections.Additionally,it presents a valuable therapeutic target for infectious diseases and cancer.We observed that fangchinoline(Fan),a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid(BBA),effectively impedes the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus(VSV),encephalomyocarditis virus(EMCV),influenza A virus(H1N1),and herpes simplex virus-1(HSV-1)in vitro.Fan treatment significantly reduced the viral load,attenuated tissue inflammation,and improved survival in a viral sepsis mouse model.Mechanistically,Fan activates the antiviral response in a STING-dependent manner,leading to increased expression of interferon(IFN)and interferon-stimulated genes(ISGs)for potent antiviral effects in vivo and in vitro.Notably,Fan interacts with STING,preventing its degradation and thereby extending the activation of IFN-based antiviral responses.Collectively,our findings highlight the potential of Fan,which elicits antiviral immunity by suppressing STING degradation,as a promising candidate for antiviral therapy.

Research on the navigation method of large-scale differential tail-control improvised guided munitions based on rotational speed constraints

In the process of launching guided projectile under the conventional system, it is difficult to effectively obtain the precise navigation parameters of the projectile in the high dynamic environment. Aiming at this problem, this paper describes a new system of guided ammunition based on tail spin reduction. After analyzing the mechanism of the ammunition's tail spin reduction, a navigation method of large scale difference tail control simple guided ammunition based on speed constraint is proposed. In this method,the corresponding navigation constraints can be carried out by combining the rotation speed state of the ammunition itself, and the optimal solution of navigation parameters during the flight of the missile can be obtained by Extended Kalman Filter(EKF). Finally, the performance of the proposed method was verified by the simulation environment, and the hardware-in-the-loop simulation test and flight test were carried out to verify the performance of the method in the real environment. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve the optimal estimation of navigation parameters for simple guided ammunition with large-scale difference tail control. Under the conditions of simulation test and hardware-in-loop simulation test, the position and velocity errors calculated by the method in this paper converged. Under the condition of flight test, the spatial average error calculated by the method described in this paper is 6.17 m, and the spatial error of the final landing point is 3.50 m.Through this method, the accurate acquisition of navigation parameters in the process of projectile launching is effectively realized.

The BEL1-like transcription factor GhBLH5-A05 participates in cotton response to drought stress

Drought stress impairs crop growth and development.BEL1-like family transcription factors may be involved in plant response to drought stress,but little is known of the molecular mechanism by which these proteins regulate plant response and defense to drought stress.Here we show that the BEL1-like transcription factor GhBLH5-A05 functions in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)response and defense to drought stress.Expression of GhBLH5-A05 in cotton was induced by drought stress.Overexpression of GhBLH5-A05 in both Arabidopsis and cotton increased drought tolerance,whereas silencing GhBLH5-A05 in cotton resulted in elevated sensitivity to drought stress.GhBLH5-A05 binds to cis elements in the promoters of GhRD20-A09 and GhDREB2C-D05 to activate the expression of these genes.GhBLH5-A05 interacted with the KNOX transcription factor GhKNAT6-A03.Co-expression of GhBLH5-A05 and GhKNAT6-A03 increased the transcription of GhRD20-A09 and GhDREB2C-D05.We conclude that GhBLH5-A05 acts as a regulatory factor with GhKNAT6-A03 functioning in cotton response to drought stress by activating the expression of the drought-responsive genes GhRD20-A09 and GhDREB2C-D05.

仑伐替尼通过调节肿瘤免疫微环境协同增强免疫检查点抑制剂对肝细胞癌的疗效

目的:探讨仑伐替尼(lenvatinib, Len)增强免疫检查点抑制剂在小鼠肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC)中的疗效,并分析其在肿瘤微环境中的免疫调节机制。方法:分析不同浓度的Len对人脐静脉血管内皮细胞迁移和CXC趋化因子配体10(CXC chemokine ligand 10, CXCL10)分泌的影响并分析Len影响CXCL10分泌的机制。构建小鼠原位HCC模型,将荷瘤小鼠随机分为PBS组、BMS-202(PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂)组、Len组和Len/BMS-202组,通过小动物活体成像观察小鼠原位HCC的生长情况。治疗第13天处死小鼠取肿瘤组织,免疫荧光法检测肿瘤组织凋亡、血管结构和缺氧情况。免疫组化法检测肿瘤组织内增殖标志物Ki67和转化生长因子β(transforming growth factor-β, TGF-β)的表达水平,及CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞的浸润程度。ELISA检测小鼠血清中的免疫因子干扰素γ(interferon-γ, IFN-γ)、CXCL10和TGF-α的分泌情况,进行统计学分析。结果:(1)Len在低剂量范围内可促进内皮细胞迁移,且Len通过阻断FGFR增强肿瘤细胞对IFN-γ的响应,进而促进肿瘤细胞分泌CXCL10。(2)与PBS组相比,各给药组肿瘤生长均较缓慢,其中以Len/BMS-202组荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长受抑制为著(P<0.05)。(3)与PBS组及单药组相比,Len/BMS-202组明显促进了肿瘤组织的凋亡和抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖(P<0.05)。(4)与PBS组及BMS-202组相比,Len组及Len/BMS-202组肿瘤组织周细胞覆盖率明显提升(P<0.01),缺氧状态明显缓解(P<0.01)。(5)与PBS组及单药组相比,Len/BMS-202组肿瘤内CD4+T细胞和CD8+T细胞浸润明显增加(P<0.01),TGF-β的表达显著下降(P<0.01)。(6)与PBS组相比,各治疗组不同程度促进了小鼠血清中IFN-γ、CXCL10和TGF-α的分泌(P<0.05),其中Len/BMS-202组效果最好(P<0.01)。结论:Len可能通过促进肿瘤血管正常化、改善缺氧及促进CXCL10分泌,共同激活肿瘤免疫微环境,从而协同增强BMS-202对HCC的治疗效果。

γ-Aminobutyric acid alleviates litchi thaumatin-like protein-induced inflammation and reduces gut microbial translocation

Previous research reported litchi thaumatin-like protein(LcTLP)could lead to inflammation,which is a factor causing the adverse reactions after excessive intake of litchi.As a main amino acid in litchi pulp,γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)was found with anti-inflammatory effect.Therefore,this study aimed to investigate the effects of GABA on LcTLP-induced inflammation through RAW264.7 macrophages and C57BL mice models.In vitro study showed GABA could effectively regulate the level of inflammatory cytokines(interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,IL-10,and prostaglandin E2)and Ca2+in cells,and inhibit the phosphorylation of p65,IκB,p38,c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)and extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK).These results indicate GABA alleviated inflammation through nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway signaling pathways.In vivo experiment was performed to verify the anti-inflammatory effect of GABA,and the results demonstrated that GABA reduced the inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver of LcTLP-treated mice,as it down-regulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines,malondialdehyde,aspartate transferase,and alanine transaminase.The relative expression of phosphorylated p38,JNK and ERK in mice liver with GABA treatment were reduced to 65%,39%and 80%of the control group,respectively.Furthermore,GABA treatment enriched probiotic bacteria and decreased pathogenic bacteria in mice gut,which reveals GABA could effectively reduce the translocation of gut microbiota.

"Win-Win"Scenario of High Energy Density and Long Cycling Life in a Novel Na_(3.9)MnCr_(0.9)Zr_(0.1)(PO_(4))_(3)Cathode

The development of high-energy and long-lifespan NASICON-type cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries has always been a research hotspot but a daunting challenge.Although Na_(4)MnCr(PO_(4))_(3)has emerged as one of the most promising high-energy-density cathode materials owing to its three-electron reactions,it still suffers from serious structural distortion upon repetitive charge/discharge processes caused by the Jahn-Teller active Mn^(3+).Herein,the selective substitution of Cr by Zr in Na_(4)MnCr(PO_(4))_(3)was explored to enhance the structural stability,due to the pinning effect of Zr ions and the≈2.9-electron reactions,as-prepared Na_(3.9)MnCr_(0.9)Zr_(0.1)(PO_(4))_(3)/C delivers a high capacity retention of 85.94%over 500 cycles at 5 C and an ultrahigh capacity of 156.4 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 C,enabling the stable energy output as high as 555.2 Wh kg^(-1).Moreover,during the whole charge/discharge process,a small volume change of only 6.7%was verified by in situ X-ray diffraction,and the reversible reactions of Cr^(3+)/Cr^(4+),Mn^(3+)/Mn^(4+),and Mn^(2+)/Mn^(3+)redox couples were identified via ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses.Galvanostatic intermittent titration technique tests and density functional theory calculations further demonstrated the fast reaction kinetics of the Na_(3.9)MnCr_(0.9)Zr_(0.1)(PO_(4))_(3)/C electrode.This work offers new opportunities for designing high-energy and high-stability NASICON cathodes by ion doping.

黑土腐殖酸对全氟辛酸的吸附特征研究

研究全氟辛酸(Perfluorooctanoic Acid, PFOA)在黑土腐殖酸(Humic Acid, HA)中的吸附特征,有助于更好地理解和管理这种新兴污染物对人类健康和生态系统的潜在危险。研究以PFOA作为目标污染物,探讨其在黑土腐殖酸中的吸附动力学和等温吸附特征,并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, FT-IR)和核磁共振碳谱(13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, NMR)揭示其分子作用机理。研究结果显示:黑土腐殖酸对PFOA的吸附过程可分为3个阶段:开始为快速吸附阶段,且吸附量占总吸附量的78.8%,之后为慢速吸附阶段,直至48 h后达到吸附平衡。吸附动力学采用拉格朗日准一级动力学、准二级动力学和颗粒扩散模型对数据进行拟合,结果显示拉格朗日准二级动力学模型拟合较好(R^(2)> 0.998);吸附等温线用Henry、Freundlich和Langmuir模型对试验数据进行拟合,结果显示Freundlich和Langmuir模型拟合效果较好;吸附量随温度升高而升高,当温度为298.15 K时,其值为1.717 mg/g。此外,ΔH^(0)=30.81 kJ/mol,ΔS^(0)=168.72 J/(mol·K),ΔG^(0)在-19.49~-16.11 kJ/mol,表明腐殖酸对PFOA的吸附属于易自发过程,吸附自由能的减少是腐殖酸吸附PFOA的主要驱动力,吸附过程中的驱动力主要是氢键。通过对比吸附前后FT-IR和NMR图谱可知,腐殖酸对PFOA的吸附过程中存在离子交换和氢键作用,PFOA与腐殖酸的主要结合位点为芳香碳和脂肪碳,且PFOA会与HA发生原位化学反应并产生羧酸类物质。

Underestimated Methane Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal Sites Reveal Missed Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Opportunities

1.Introduction Cities are responsible for approximately 70%of all anthropogenic greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions and about 60%of all anthropogenic methane(CH4)emissions[1,2].Solid waste disposal sites(including landfills and dumpsites),which are prevalent in global cities,emit CH4 generated from the anaerobic biodegradation of municipal solid waste(MSW).Notably,the proportions of CH4 emissions from disposal sites surpass 50%of the total CH4 emissions in some megalopolises[3].CH4 has a high global warming potential(GWP),being 28 times stronger than carbon dioxide(CO_(2))over a 100-year period and 80 times stronger over a 20-year period[4].Understanding and mitigating CH4 emissions from solid waste disposal sites is particularly pertinent and pressing,considering that the latest Synthesis Report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)emphasizes that the current pace of mitigation and adaptation policies and measures falls short of restraining global temperature rise to under 1.5℃ within the 21st century[4].More than 150 countries signed the Global Methane Pledge at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Glasgow(COP26),which aims to reduce global annual CH4 emissions by 30%by 2030,compared with emissions in 2020[5].

Estimation of Incidence of Herpes Zoster in Three Cities of China,2019-2020

Herpes zoster(HZ)is a painful condition resulting from reactivation of dormant varicella-zoster virus(VZV)in a previously VZV-infected person[1].Typical clinical manifestation of HZ are unilateral radicular pain and a vesicular rash limited to one side of the body in the distribution of a nerve[2].The most common complication of HZ postherpetic neuralgia(PHN).

Hepatic amyloidosis in a patient with chronic liver failure:A case report

BACKGROUND Amyloidosis is a rare disorder that can be classified into various types,and the most common type is the systemic light chain type.The prognosis of this disease is extremely poor.In general,amyloidosis mainly affects the kidneys and heart and manifests as abnormal proliferation of clonal plasma cells.Cases in which the liver is the primary organ affected by amyloidosis,as in this report,are less common in clinical practice.CASE SUMMARY A 62-year-old man was admitted with persistent liver dysfunction of unknown cause and poor treatment outcomes.His condition persisted,and he developed chronic liver failure,with severe cholestasis in the later stage that was gradually accompanied by renal injury.Ultimately,he was diagnosed with hepatic amyloidosis through liver biopsy and pathological examination.CONCLUSION Hepatic amyloidosis rarely occurs in the clinic,and liver biopsy and pathological examination can assist in the accurate and effective diagnosis of this condition.

Evaluation of G3BP1 in the prognosis of acute and acute-on-chronic liver failure after the treatment of artificial liver support system

BACKGROUND The increased expression of G3BP1 was positively correlated with the prognosis of liver failure.AIM To investigate the effect of G3BP1 on the prognosis of acute liver failure(ALF)and acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)after the treatment of artificial liver support system(ALSS).METHODS A total of 244 patients with ALF and ACLF were enrolled in this study.The levels of G3BP1 on admission and at discharge were detected.The validation set of 514 patients was collected to verify the predicted effect of G3BP1 and the viability of prognosis.RESULTS This study was shown that lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)and prothrombin time were closely related to the prognosis of patients.After the ALSS treatment,the patient’amount of decreased G3BP1 index in difference of G3BP1 between the value of discharge and admission(difG3BP1)<0 group had a nearly 10-fold increased risk of progression compared with the amount of increased G3BP1 index.The subgroup analysis showed that the difG3BP1<0 group had a higher risk of progression,regardless of model for end-stage liver disease high-risk or low-risk group.At the same time,compared with the inflam matory marks[tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin(IL)-1βand IL-18],G3BP1 had higher discrimination and was more stable in the model analysis and validation set.When combined with AFP and LDH,concordance index was respectively 0.84 and 0.8 in training and validation cohorts.CONCLUSION This study indicated that G3BP1 could predict the prognosis of ALF or ACLF patients treated with ALSS.The combination of G3BP1,AFP and LDH could accurately evaluate the disease condition and predict the clinical endpoint of patients.

Does Parental Migration Affect Left-Behind Children’s Social Anxiety?A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Social anxiety is a common psychological problem among left-behind children(LBC)and has been a popular issue in recent years.Children with higher levels of social anxiety have more emotional and behavioral problems and are prone to negative life events.Although several studies have explored the differences in social anxiety between LBC and non-left-behind children(N-LBC),the findings have not been consistent.In this study,a systematic review and meta-analysis method was used,with 411 papers retrieved on October 01,2023,from Pubmed,Embase,Web of Science,and Chinese databases(CNKI,VIP,and Wanfang)(PROSPERO registry number:CRD42023472463).Twenty-one studies met the research criteria and included 11,254 LBC and 13,096 N-LBC.LBC scored significantly higher for social anxiety([WMD(95%CI):0.35[0.23,0.48],p<0.001])and social avoidance and distress([WMD(95%CI):0.35[0.23,0.48],p<0.001]).Subgroup analyses showed significant differences in effect sizes for the overall proportion of children left behind(p=0.02).In addition,different types of parental migration may influence the social anxiety of LBC,double-parent migration was associated higher social anxiety than father migration(p<0.001).Future research should focus on treatments to decrease social anxiety of left-behind children.These findings suggest that due to the long-term absence of parental migration,LBC are more vulnerable to negative emotional experiences and behaviours such as anxiety,distress,and avoidance during social interaction,especially for those with both parents absent from the home.Future research should focus on treatments to reduce social anxiety in LBC.