This study aimed to investigate the feeding effect of wheat silage on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,rumen fermentation,and microbiota composition in feedlot lambs.Sixty-four male crossbred Chinese Han lamb...This study aimed to investigate the feeding effect of wheat silage on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,rumen fermentation,and microbiota composition in feedlot lambs.Sixty-four male crossbred Chinese Han lambs(BW=27.8±0.67 kg,3 months of age)were randomly assigned to four ration groups with wheat silage replacing 0%(WS0),36%(WS36),64%(WS64),and 100%(WS100)of oaten hay on forage dry matter basis.The concentrate-to-forage ratio was 80:20 and the feeding trial lasted 52 d.Increasing wheat silage inclusion linearly decreased dry matter intake by 4%to 27%(P<0.01).However,increasing the wheat silage replacement of oaten hay by no more than 64%improved the feed efficiency by 14%as noted by the feed-to-gain ratio(P=0.04).Apparent digestibility of organic matter(P<0.01),neutral detergent fibre(P=0.04)and acid detergent fibre(P<0.01)quadratically increased.Ammonia nitrogen(P=0.01)decreased while microbial protein production(P<0.01)increased with the increase of wheat silage inclusion.Total volatile fatty acids concentration increased quadratically with the increase of wheat silage inclusion(P<0.01),and the highest occurred in WS64.The molar proportion of acetate(P<0.01)and acetate-to-propionate ratio(P=0.04)decreased while butyrate(P<0.01)and isovalerate(P=0.04)increased.Increasing wheat silage inclusion increased the Firmicutes-toBacteroidota ratio by 226%to 357%,resulting in Firmicutes instead of Bacteroidota being the most abundant phylum.The relative abundance of cellulolytic Ruminococcus numerically increased but that of amylolytic Prevotella(P<0.01)decreased as increasing wheat silage inclusion.Taken together,increasing wheat silage replacement of oaten hay by no more than 64%exhibited greater feed efficiency and fibre digestion despite low feed intake by feedlot lambs due to the change of Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidota ratio in the rumen.展开更多
Quantum dots（QDs）, with several unique optical and chemical features, are becoming desirable fluorescent tags for the biological applications that require long-term and highly sensitive imaging.Besides, the conjugat...Quantum dots（QDs）, with several unique optical and chemical features, are becoming desirable fluorescent tags for the biological applications that require long-term and highly sensitive imaging.Besides, the conjugation of various functional biomolecules to QDs has enabled wide applications of QDs in biological imaging. This review focuses on the following four types of QDs： semiconductor quantum dots（semiconductor QDs）, carbon nanodots（CDs）, silicon quantum dots（SiQDs）, and polymer dots（Pdots）, and summarizes the recent advancements of using these QDs in imaging microorganisms including viruses, bacteria, and fungi. We hope that this review will promote the development of new fluorescent QDs for microbial imaging and extend the applications of QD-based imaging techniques in cell biology and beyond.展开更多
基金the financial support of the project Sheep Feed Evaluation and Feed Table Establishment from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China
文摘This study aimed to investigate the feeding effect of wheat silage on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,rumen fermentation,and microbiota composition in feedlot lambs.Sixty-four male crossbred Chinese Han lambs(BW=27.8±0.67 kg,3 months of age)were randomly assigned to four ration groups with wheat silage replacing 0%(WS0),36%(WS36),64%(WS64),and 100%(WS100)of oaten hay on forage dry matter basis.The concentrate-to-forage ratio was 80:20 and the feeding trial lasted 52 d.Increasing wheat silage inclusion linearly decreased dry matter intake by 4%to 27%(P<0.01).However,increasing the wheat silage replacement of oaten hay by no more than 64%improved the feed efficiency by 14%as noted by the feed-to-gain ratio(P=0.04).Apparent digestibility of organic matter(P<0.01),neutral detergent fibre(P=0.04)and acid detergent fibre(P<0.01)quadratically increased.Ammonia nitrogen(P=0.01)decreased while microbial protein production(P<0.01)increased with the increase of wheat silage inclusion.Total volatile fatty acids concentration increased quadratically with the increase of wheat silage inclusion(P<0.01),and the highest occurred in WS64.The molar proportion of acetate(P<0.01)and acetate-to-propionate ratio(P=0.04)decreased while butyrate(P<0.01)and isovalerate(P=0.04)increased.Increasing wheat silage inclusion increased the Firmicutes-toBacteroidota ratio by 226%to 357%,resulting in Firmicutes instead of Bacteroidota being the most abundant phylum.The relative abundance of cellulolytic Ruminococcus numerically increased but that of amylolytic Prevotella(P<0.01)decreased as increasing wheat silage inclusion.Taken together,increasing wheat silage replacement of oaten hay by no more than 64%exhibited greater feed efficiency and fibre digestion despite low feed intake by feedlot lambs due to the change of Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidota ratio in the rumen.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21673037)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20170078)Innovative and Entrepreneurial Talent Recruitment Program of Jiangsu Province, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Southeast University (No. YBJJ1778) for financial support
文摘Quantum dots（QDs）, with several unique optical and chemical features, are becoming desirable fluorescent tags for the biological applications that require long-term and highly sensitive imaging.Besides, the conjugation of various functional biomolecules to QDs has enabled wide applications of QDs in biological imaging. This review focuses on the following four types of QDs： semiconductor quantum dots（semiconductor QDs）, carbon nanodots（CDs）, silicon quantum dots（SiQDs）, and polymer dots（Pdots）, and summarizes the recent advancements of using these QDs in imaging microorganisms including viruses, bacteria, and fungi. We hope that this review will promote the development of new fluorescent QDs for microbial imaging and extend the applications of QD-based imaging techniques in cell biology and beyond.
