Glioblastoma(GBM)is the most common intrinsic and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults,with a median survival of approximately 15 months.GBM heterogeneity is considered responsible for the treatment resistance and...Glioblastoma(GBM)is the most common intrinsic and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults,with a median survival of approximately 15 months.GBM heterogeneity is considered responsible for the treatment resistance and unfavorable prognosis.Proneural-mesenchymal transition(PMT)represents GBM malignant progression and recurrence,which might be a breakthrough to understand GBM heterogeneity and overcome treatment resistance.PMT is a complicated process influenced by crosstalk between GBM and tumor microenvironment,depending on intricate ligand-receptor interactions.In this review,we summarize the autocrine and paracrine pathways in the GBM microenvironment and related ligand-receptor interactions inducing PMT.We also discuss the current therapies targeting the PMT-related autocrine and paracrine pathways.Together,this review offers a comprehensive understanding of the failure of GBM-targeted therapy and ideas for future tendencies of GBM treatment.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82203368)Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou,Guangdong,China(No.202201011008)College Students'Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Plan Program,China(No.202112121201).
文摘Glioblastoma(GBM)is the most common intrinsic and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults,with a median survival of approximately 15 months.GBM heterogeneity is considered responsible for the treatment resistance and unfavorable prognosis.Proneural-mesenchymal transition(PMT)represents GBM malignant progression and recurrence,which might be a breakthrough to understand GBM heterogeneity and overcome treatment resistance.PMT is a complicated process influenced by crosstalk between GBM and tumor microenvironment,depending on intricate ligand-receptor interactions.In this review,we summarize the autocrine and paracrine pathways in the GBM microenvironment and related ligand-receptor interactions inducing PMT.We also discuss the current therapies targeting the PMT-related autocrine and paracrine pathways.Together,this review offers a comprehensive understanding of the failure of GBM-targeted therapy and ideas for future tendencies of GBM treatment.
