Phenylacetylglutamine(PAGln)is an amino acid derivate that comes from the amino acid phenylalanine.There are increasing studies showing that the level of PAGln is associated with the risk of different cardiovascular d...Phenylacetylglutamine(PAGln)is an amino acid derivate that comes from the amino acid phenylalanine.There are increasing studies showing that the level of PAGln is associated with the risk of different cardiovascular diseases.In this review,we discussed the metabolic pathway of PAGln production and the quantitative measurement methods of PAGln.We summarized the epidemiological evidence to show the role of PAGln in diagnostic and prognostic value in several cardiovascular diseases,such as heart failure,coronary heart disease/atherosclerosis,and cardiac arrhythmia.The underlying mechanism of PAGln is now considered to be related to the thrombotic potential of platelets via adrenergic receptors.Besides,other possible mechanisms such as inflammatory response and oxidative stress could also be induced by PAGln.Moreover,since PAGln is produced across different organs including the intestine,liver,and kidney,the cross-talk among multiple organs focused on the function of this uremic toxic metabolite.Finally,the prognostic value of PAGln compared to the classical biomarker was discussed and we also highlighted important gaps in knowledge and areas requiring future investigation of PAGln in cardiovascular diseases.展开更多
The unit of thermodynamic temperature,the kelvin,is one of the seven base units of International System of Units.High accuracy measurements of thermodynamic temperature in the lowtemperature range,namely below the neo...The unit of thermodynamic temperature,the kelvin,is one of the seven base units of International System of Units.High accuracy measurements of thermodynamic temperature in the lowtemperature range,namely below the neon triple point at24.5561 K,are of strategic significance for the development of展开更多
To meet the de ma nds of high stability and sustainable temperature measurements over time,TIPC-CAS in China and LNE-Cnam in France have jointly developed single-pressure refractive-index gas thermometiy(SPR1GT),which...To meet the de ma nds of high stability and sustainable temperature measurements over time,TIPC-CAS in China and LNE-Cnam in France have jointly developed single-pressure refractive-index gas thermometiy(SPR1GT),which is expected to be an alternative primary thermometiy because of its 0.25 mK accuracy and high measurement speeds.展开更多
The unit of thermodynamic temperature,the kelvin,is one of the seven base units of International System of Units.The international temperature scaIe of 1990 (ITS-90)is a practical temperature scale used worldwide to a...The unit of thermodynamic temperature,the kelvin,is one of the seven base units of International System of Units.The international temperature scaIe of 1990 (ITS-90)is a practical temperature scale used worldwide to approximate thermodynamic tempera- ture T by ITS-90 temperature T90.The primary thermometry calibration facilities based on thermodynamic temperature standards are the foundation of ITS 90 and temperature measurement in a country.China has developed primary thermometry in the temperature region down to the neon triple point 24.5561 K estimated by ITS-90,but it has not yet set up any primary thermometry at lower temperatures.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3400700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31971358,82370397,U22A20266,and 82100402)+1 种基金Hubei Provincial Key Research and Developmental Program(No.2022BCA037)Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.2017CFB536 and 2022CFB201).
文摘Phenylacetylglutamine(PAGln)is an amino acid derivate that comes from the amino acid phenylalanine.There are increasing studies showing that the level of PAGln is associated with the risk of different cardiovascular diseases.In this review,we discussed the metabolic pathway of PAGln production and the quantitative measurement methods of PAGln.We summarized the epidemiological evidence to show the role of PAGln in diagnostic and prognostic value in several cardiovascular diseases,such as heart failure,coronary heart disease/atherosclerosis,and cardiac arrhythmia.The underlying mechanism of PAGln is now considered to be related to the thrombotic potential of platelets via adrenergic receptors.Besides,other possible mechanisms such as inflammatory response and oxidative stress could also be induced by PAGln.Moreover,since PAGln is produced across different organs including the intestine,liver,and kidney,the cross-talk among multiple organs focused on the function of this uremic toxic metabolite.Finally,the prognostic value of PAGln compared to the classical biomarker was discussed and we also highlighted important gaps in knowledge and areas requiring future investigation of PAGln in cardiovascular diseases.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFE0204200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51627809)+1 种基金the International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(1A1111KYSB20160017)the European Metrology Research Programme(EMRP)(InK2)
文摘The unit of thermodynamic temperature,the kelvin,is one of the seven base units of International System of Units.High accuracy measurements of thermodynamic temperature in the lowtemperature range,namely below the neon triple point at24.5561 K,are of strategic significance for the development of
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFE0204200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51627809)+2 种基金the International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(1A1111KYSB20160017)the European Metrology Research Programme(EMRP)(InK2)(No.15SIB02)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2017LH031)
文摘To meet the de ma nds of high stability and sustainable temperature measurements over time,TIPC-CAS in China and LNE-Cnam in France have jointly developed single-pressure refractive-index gas thermometiy(SPR1GT),which is expected to be an alternative primary thermometiy because of its 0.25 mK accuracy and high measurement speeds.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFE0204200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51627809)+1 种基金the International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(1A1111KYSB20160017)the European Metrology Research Programme(EMRP)(InK2)(No.15SIB02)
文摘The unit of thermodynamic temperature,the kelvin,is one of the seven base units of International System of Units.The international temperature scaIe of 1990 (ITS-90)is a practical temperature scale used worldwide to approximate thermodynamic tempera- ture T by ITS-90 temperature T90.The primary thermometry calibration facilities based on thermodynamic temperature standards are the foundation of ITS 90 and temperature measurement in a country.China has developed primary thermometry in the temperature region down to the neon triple point 24.5561 K estimated by ITS-90,but it has not yet set up any primary thermometry at lower temperatures.
