Current Situation and Countermeasures of Household Waste Classification in Feixi County, Hefei City

Feixi County has made significant progress in promoting waste classification,such as establishing a comprehensive classification system,and effectively reducing environmental pollution and waste volume.However,with the increase in waste generation,the county faces multiple challenges especially in the disposal of kitchen waste and improvement of residents environmental awareness.To address these issues,Feixi County has implemented various measures,such as strengthening the construction of infrastructure for waste classification,improving regulations and clearly defining responsibilities,enhancing residents environmental awareness to encourage their participation in waste classification through education and promotion,and increasing supervision to ensure effective implementation of the work.It emphasizes community governance,encourage all parties to participate in it,and strengthen publicity,education and training to enhance residents participation.Feixi County has achieved positive results,but efforts are needed to further improve facilities,raise awareness,enhance supervision,and ensure the continuous effectiveness of waste classification work to promote urban green sustainable development.

Early-life exposure to per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances:Analysis of levels,health risk and binding abilities to transport proteins

Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)can pass through the placenta and adversely affect fetal development.However,there is a lack of comparison of legacy and emerging PFAS levels among different biosamples in pregnant women and their offspring.This study,based on the Shanghai Maternal–Child Pairs Cohort,analyzed the concentrations of 16 PFAS in the maternal serum,cord serum,and breast milk samples from 1,076 motherchild pairs.The placental and breastfeeding transfer efficiencies of PFAS were determined in maternal-cord and maternal-milk pairs,respectively.The binding affinities of PFAS to five transporters were simulated using molecular docking.The results suggested that PFAS were frequently detected in different biosamples.The median concentration of perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)was the highest at 8.85 ng/mL,followed by perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)at 7.13 ng/mL and 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate at 5.59 ng/mL in maternal serum.The median concentrations of PFOA were highest in cord serum(4.23 ng/mL)and breast milk(1.08 ng/mL).PFAS demonstrated higher placental than breastfeeding transfer efficiencies.The transfer efficiencies and the binding affinities of most PFAS to proteins exhibited alkyl chain length-dependent patterns.Furthermore,we comprehensively assessed the estimated daily intakes(EDIs)of PFAS in breastfeeding infants of different age groups and used the hazard quotient(HQ)to characterize the potential health risk.EDIs decreased with infant age,and PFOS had higher HQs than PFOA.These findings highlight the significance of considering PFAS exposure,transfer mechanism,and health risks resulting from breast milk intake in early life.

Sex-specific effects of organophosphate ester exposure on child growth trajectories in the first two years

The connections between urinary organophosphate ester(OPE)metabolites and child growth have been identified in prior research,but there is currently a dearth of epidemiological evidence regarding the sex-specific impact of OPEs on child growth trajectories.This study enrolled 804 maternal-child pairs,and five OPE congeners were quantified in maternal serum during pregnancy.In this study,the impact of prenatal OPE exposure on child growth trajectories was assessed using linear mixed-effect models and a group-based trajectory model(GBTM),with consideration given to sex-specific effects.Fetuses were frequently exposed to OPEs in utero,and tris(2-butoxyethel)phosphate(TBEP)exhibited the highest concentration levels in maternal serum.Among male children,an increase of 2.72 ng/g lipid in TBEP concentration was associated with a 0.11-unit increase in head circumference-for-age z-score(HCAZ),and the effect was mainly concentrated at 1 and 2 months of age.Among female children,an increase of 2.72 ng/g lipid in tris(2-chloro-1-(chloromethyl)ethyl)phosphate(TDCPP)concentration was associated with a 0.15-unit increase in length-for-age z-score(LAZ)and a 0.14-unit increase in weight-for-age z-score(WAZ),and the effects were mainly concentrated at 9 months of age.For HCAZ trajectories,higher prenatal TBEP exposure was associated with higher odds for the fast growth group in male children.For the LAZ and WAZ trajectories,higher prenatal TDCPP exposure was associated with higher odds for the fast growth group in female children.The trajectory analysis approach provided insight into the complex associations between OPE exposure and child growth.